Student
G
Companion Series
9781420203905 9781420203912
9781420203929
9781420203936
9781420203943
9781420261318
9781420261325
9781420261349
9781420261356
9781420261363
No book at
this level
A l s o
9781420261332
A l s o
a v a i l ab l e
Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book Ages 5–8
Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book Ages 8–12+
9781420204285
Spelling Rules! teacher support on CD
TEXTS
m
l
workbook in IWB-friendly
format
l IWB teaching tips for every unit
l differentiated word lists and
answers in editable format.
Packed with:
l practical background information about spelling development
l teaching tips for each unit
l extra word lists
l guidelines for assessing spelling and diagnosing spelling error
l support for struggling spellers and extension for more able spellers.
9781420204292
a v a i l ab l e
9781420276756
Supports the Australian Curriculum English
Student Book
Australian
Curriculum Level
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
F
1
2
3
4
5
6
D
4
E
5
F
6
G
7
Supports the New Zealand English Curriculum
Student Book
NZ Level
A
1
B
2
C
3
n
o
s
r
a
e
P
n
e
l
He
and
Janelle
Ho
For review purposes only
ac
©M
9781420203899
H e le n P e arso n a n d J anelle H o
9781420203882
Helen Pearson and Janelle Ho combine many years of teaching experience
with strong backgrounds in linguistics, pedagogical theory and assessment.
Helen teaches as a literacy specialist and is also involved in developing
assessment resources to support learning. Janelle works as the Senior
Assessment Officer for Literacy at Educational Assessment Australia.
Both Helen and Janelle have been involved in establishing the International
Competitions and Assessments for Schools – Spelling.
TEXTS
us
tra
l
kinaesthetic knowledge
phonological knowledge
visual knowledge
morphemic knowledge
etymological knowledge.
authors
ial
l
l
l
l
l
the
er
About
D e v e l o p s:
p
is a whole-school spelling program based on sound learning theory
and pedagogy. It is different to other workbook series because it teaches students strategies that move
spelling from working memory into long-term memory—making spelling stick!
t
m
h
g
g
a
i
r
t
y
Co
Spelling Rules!
SPELLING RULES!
The whole-school program
that makes spelling stick!
Book
i l la
A
n Education
TEXTS
ial
p
Co
er
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
J
a
n
o
For review
purposes
only
n
s
e
r
a
l
e
l
P
e
n
Ho
Hele
and
c
Ma
m
G
Name:
us
tra
l
Book
i l la
A
n Education
Class:
Scope
Contents
Sequence
t
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g
a
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Page
Sound-letter
patterns
Skill focus
Prefixes and
suffixes
(morphology)
1
6
-ion: adding to
silent e, de
2
8
-ion: adding to t,
nt, lve
3
10
ge, gi, gy, dge, j
4
12
words ending in a vowel
sound
5
14
6
16
7
18
8
20
9
22
10
24
11
26
12
28
13
30
14
32
15
34
16
36
17
38
18
40
19
42
20
44
21
46
22
48
23
50
24
52
suffixes
Other
morphology
abbreviations
m
-ity
al, el, le
-al
-ic
33
70
34
72
35
74
salary/celery,
summary/summery
phone, onyma,
patheia, magnus
abbreviations
organ, appendix
medicine
Revision
-cy, ob-
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n Education
68
science
word elements
mono, multi, omni,
poly
cc
32
word elements
scope, meter
ary, ery, ory
58
66
novel
Revision
27
31
nova, vox, notare,
reminisci
-ion, -ation, -ition abbreviations
double consonants
64
serial/cereal,
metal/mettle
-ous
56
62
environment
Revision
ion, ior, ian, iar
54
30
confusing pairs
affixes; -logy
26
29
occupations
-ity: adding to
ible, able
25
60
premier, cabinet, minister government
-er, -or, -ist
cy
28
Topic
words
er, ir, or, ur, ear, our
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©M
MACMILLAN EDUCATION AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
15–19 Claremont Street, South Yarra 3141
Reprinted 2007 (three times), 2008, 2009, 2010 (twice), 2011
Visit our website at www.macmillan.com.au
Associated companies and representatives throughout the world.
Copyright © Helen Pearson, Janelle Ho/Macmillan Education Australia 2006
Spelling Rules! Book G
ISBN 978 1 4202 0394 3
Editor: Anna Fern
Managing Editor: Tricia Dearborn
Publisher: Sharon Dalgleish
Design by Trish Hayes and Stephen Michael King
Illustrations by Stephen Michael King
Printed in Malaysia
Homophones/
Homographs/
Confusing words
Revision
For review purposes only
First published in 2006 by
Etymology
ial
Co
Unit
Download curriculum links at www.macmillan.com.au/primary > Teacher Support tab
er
p
Scope and Sequence................................................................. 3
Note to Teachers and Parents................................................... 4
Units 1–35................................................................................ 6–75
List Words in Unit Order........................................................... 76
List Words in Alphabetical Order.............................................. 78
Spelling Rules and Tips.............................................................. 80
and
adding multiple
affixes
suffixes; plurals
non-English words
money
Revision
sce, sci
odd-looking words
non-English words
astro
space and
time
Revision of Units 1–34
3
Student Book G
to teachers and parents
t
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g
a
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Spelling Rules!
A whole-school spelling program that makes spelling stick!
Some students are natural spellers. They seem to become proficient spellers without any explicit
instruction. But the vast majority of students need formal, systematic and sequential instruction about the
way spelling works and the strategies they can use to become independent, confident spellers and spelling
risk-takers.
p
Learning to spell involves developing different kinds of spelling knowledge. In many cases, particularly in
the upper grades, more than one kind of knowledge is called upon at a time. As they work through the
activities in each Spelling Rules! unit, students will develop:
N Kinaesthetic knowledge—the physical feeling when saying different sounds and words, and when
writing the shapes of letters and words.
N Phonological knowledge—how a word sounds and the patterns of sounds in words.
N Visual knowledge—how letters and words look and the visual patterns in words.
N Etymological knowledge—the origins and history of words and the effect this has on spelling patterns.
Icons used in Student Book G
This icon highlights useful spelling rules. The rule is always introduced the first time students
will need it to complete an activity. There is also a handy summary of important rules on
page 80.
ac
©M
Tip!
This icon tells students that a special clue or hint is provided for an activity. It may be a
spelling, grammar or punctuation convention, or a definition of a useful term.
m
Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book Ages 8-12+
Full teacher support for Student Book G is provided by Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book Ages 8-12+.
Here you will find valuable background information about spelling development and spelling knowledge,
along with practical resources, such as:
N
N
N
N
N
N
4
Word
lists
Spelling lists enable a particular rule, letter pattern, sound pattern,
etymology or morphemic element to be focused on. And they provide
sufficient examples to consolidate the teaching point. In Student Book G,
each unit (except Revision) has a list of fifteen spelling words. This is a
large enough list for students to learn the rule or pattern, but not so
large as to overwhelm students with too many words to learn. Research
shows that even able spellers need worthwhile extra learning activities—
not simply more words to learn.
The core words in the lists have been chosen to support the learning
focus and strategies being taught in the unit. In addition, some confusing
words and topic words are introduced. The words are listed in order
from simplest to more challenging, acknowledging the wide range of
student ability at this age.
SLLURP
Each word list begins with a reminder for students to SLLURP. SLLURP
summarises the strategies that will help spelling move from students’
working memory to their long-term memory.
For review purposes only
N Morphemic knowledge—the meaning or function of words or parts of words.
Rule!
Student Book G contains 35 weekly units of work. See the Scope
and Sequence chart on page 3 for more information.
ial
Co
Spelling knowledge
of work
er
The Spelling Rules! program is based on sound linguistic and pedagogical theory. It is informed by recent
research into how students of different ages acquire and apply spelling skills, and how those skills
move from the working to the long-term memory. The program consists of seven Student Books, fully
supported by two Teacher Resource Books.
Units
teaching tips for every unit in Student Book G
extra word lists
strategies for teaching spelling
assessing spelling and diagnosing spelling errors
activities to support struggling spellers
worthwhile extension for more able spellers.
Say the word carefully and slowly to yourself, Listen to how each part of the word sounds in sequence,
Look at the patterns of letters in the word and the shape of the word, Understand rules, word
meanings and word origins, Remember all the similar words you can already spell and relate this
knowledge to any new word, Practise writing the word until is firmly fixed in long-term memory.
us
tra
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Note
SLLURP reminds students
about strategies they can use
to learn the words
List words support the
learning of the spelling
focus for the unit
Unit banner features
the spelling focus in the
context of a fun quiz
about words
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Space to practise list
words; to write theme
words, personal words
or extension words;
or to practise other
words with the same
spelling focus. Adapt
this section to suit the
needs of your class
Spelling focus
highlighted in
colour
Sequenced activities
Spelling tips and
rules introduced
when students need
them to complete
an activity
Answer to
the quiz in the
unit banner
Footer shows
the spelling focus
for the unit
5
Unit
1
Fluctuation occurs when
Some words are always used together. This is called collocation.
a. fruit becomes rotten
b. a flock of ducks flies in formation
c. something changes constantly
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Some verbs add ion to make the noun.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
Rule! If the verb ends in silent e, drop the e
desperation
before adding ion.
cooperation
devote
appreciation
devotion
association
impress explosion
decision
invasion
separate
pollute exclusion
collision
persuasion
dissuasion
the first team was due to injury.
the riverbank resulted in deep gullies.
To show our
cooperate
our grandmother, we bought her some flowers.
The shattered glass at the intersection was due to the
earlier.
Our school fete was a success due to
community.
two cars
the parents and the local
If a verb ends in ibe, drop the e and change the b to pt before adding ion.
2 Write the base word.
erosion
The player’s
ial
prescription
5 Write a list word and the preposition it goes with to complete each sentence.
The
Co
deception
p
The underlined words are prepositions.
er
1 Write the noun form.
devastation
separation from not separation with
Tip!
education irrigation
Rule! describe
description
6 Complete the table.
For review purposes only
discussion desperation
appreciation devastation
verb
noun
prescribe
inscribe
Rule! decide
decision
3 Write the noun form.
explode evade collide include ac
©M
If the verb ends in de, drop the e and change d to s before adding ion.
invade erode If a verb ends in eive, drop the silent e and change iv to pt before adding ion.
exclude m
persuade
dissuade conclude
Rule! receive
inclusion
depreciation
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verb
deceive
perception
conception
disassociation
noun
persuasion
Answer: c
6
reception
7 Complete the table.
4 Each word is an antonym of a list word. Write the list word. Circle the prefix
or syllable which has been added or changed.
us
tra
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subscribe
Adding suffix -ion to words ending in silent e
Adding suffix -ion to words ending in silent e
7
Unit
2
What does pretension mean?
If a word ends in lve, change ve to ut before adding ion.
a. a claim that you deserve merit when you don’t
b. a number before ten
c. preparing tent ropes
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
1
Write the two list words that have a silent letter.
rejection
detection
2 Complete the table.
exhibition
p
verb
digestion
attract
permission
suspension
expansion
detection
resolve
dissolve
word
clue
new word
definition
detection
change a letter
gloominess
distinction
change 1st syllable
end of a species
digestion
change 1st syllable
build-up of traffic
digestion
The scientist Charles Darwin proposed a theory to explain how living things have evolved.
For review purposes only
This year I have resolved to talk to one new person a month.
infection
revolution
The local council has finally said they will permit my parents to build a pool!
inspect
If a word ends in nd, change d to s before adding ion.
extend
extension
Anyone caught writing graffiti on the walls will be suspended.
3 Write the noun.
expand
submit
suspend
m
8 Proofread this text. Circle the five mistakes and write the words correctly.
omit
comprehend
admittance:
I knew the little cakes on the bench were for morning tea and I would never
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Admit has two related nouns: admission and admittance. Use a dictionary to find the meaning of each
word. Use each word in a sentence.
admission:
us
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My prize-winning painting will be exhibited in the Town Hall next month.
ac
©M
For some words ending in t, change t to ss before adding ion.
admit
admission
permit
revolve
7 Rewrite each sentence using a list word.
direction
resolution
get permition to have one now. Maybe the solussion was to sneak a couple
while no one was around, and avoid detecsion. I had one in my hand when
Dad came into the kitchen, so I stuffed it in my mouth. Eating that quickly is
bad for the digeston! I’ve made a resolusion not to do it again.
Answer: a
8
evolve
reject
evolution
4
injection
exhaust
extension
Rule!
noun
exhibit
submission
ial
admission
5 Make a noun by adding ion.
6 Use the clue to make a new word that matches the definition.
Co
distinction
solution
er
exhaustion
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Rule! solve
Adding suffix -ion to words ending in t, nd, lve
Adding suffix -ion to words ending in t, nd, lve
9
Unit
3
Julienne describes
5 Write list words belonging to the same word family. Use a dictionary if you need help.
a. the naming of a baby girl
b. something cut into thin strips
c. plans for a party in July
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
vengeful Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
Tip!
average
advantage
G usually has a soft sound when it is
followed by e, i or y.
p
energy
goalpost
gymnasium
revenge
genius
ginger
gear
golden
giddy
general
Co
garden
pledge
justice
2 Use some of the letters in each word to make a new
word with a hard g sound.
re joice
junction
passenger
prejudice
anybody accused of a crime is defended by a
lawyer. In court, there is a
,
who knows the law and controls what happens in
the courtroom. A group of ordinary people called
the
makes the final decision
about whether the defendant is guilty.
7 Write list words.
The contents of the box are
. Please carry it carefully.
to a park, so I play there with my sister every day.
We live
urgent
system,
ial
fragile
gigantic
challenge
6 Complete the passage.
er
gentle
urgent
judge
In the Australian
1 Circle the letter g if it has a soft sound.
passenger
joy Mum made an
to the length of my pyjamas so my little brother could wear them.
For review purposes only
adjacent
challenge
adjustment
In a game, the home team usually has an
pledge
judgement
A judge must always act fairly if the accused is to receive
average
I am of
+
judgement =
+
adjustment =
+
disadvantage =
+
m
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4 Sort the list words into verbs, nouns and adjectives. Some words will fit more than one category.
Nouns:
Adjectives:
10
Letter patterns making the soft g sound: ge, gi, gy, dge, j
Answer: b
Verbs:
against cats, because they make him sneeze.
8 Describe an amazing journey using as many list words as you can.
3 Break each word into its base word and affix.
urgently =
on the Trans-Siberian railway.
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My father has a
Prefixes and suffixes are known as affixes.
.
height, but my sister is tall for her age.
Karl longed to travel as a
Tip!
.
Letter patterns making the soft g sound: ge, gi, gy, dge, j
11
Unit
What is a whangee?
4
6 Most of the vowels have been left out of these sentences. Write each sentence correctly.
a. the opposite of a wedgie
b. bamboo used for making canes
c. someone who has made one hundred bungee jumps
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
flee
pursue
statue
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Ths nw cmptr gdgt cms wth a fr-yr grnt.
1 Write list words that end with these sounds.
Th wnd whstlng thrgh th crck n th wndw mks n ri snd.
long o
as in toe
D y knw th vnu fr th drss rhrsl?
Lins prsu thr pry n pcks t incrs thr chncs f mkng a kll.
p
venue
foe
Co
cocoa
rodeo
eerie
simile
guarantee
A simile describes something by comparing it to something else.
It uses like or as to make the comparison.
long oo
as in true
Tip!
2 Which list word has a silent letter?
7 Write similes using these words.
ial
mosquito
er
long e
as in key
The dancer flopped around like a fish out of water.
The dancer moved as gracefully as a swan.
statue:
refugee
For review purposes only
veranda
3 Which list word is a homophone? Write both words
debut
in the homophone pair.
alibi
cocoa:
eerie:
rodeo:
veranda mosquito ac
©M
4 Write the plural.
refugee foe alibi
The local community hall will be a good
Hot
5 Write the language each word comes from, and its meaning. Use a dictionary if you need help.
language
cocoa
rodeo
veranda
debut
m
meaning
8 Write list words.
us
tra
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mosquito:
The
can warm you up in winter.
net around my bed has a hole in it, and I got bitten last night.
9 Write the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.
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The police
the shoplifters and eventually caught them.
pursue
This gold pass
you free entry to the movies for one year!
guarantee
Our cat Mimi
into the house when the dogs started barking.
flee
Answer: b
12
for our meeting.
Words ending in a vowel sound
Words ending in a vowel sound
13
Unit
5
A diarchy is
6 Find these words in a dictionary, and write a definition for each one.
a. two arches in a row
b. a human with two heads
c. a State governed by two rulers
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
monarchy
democracy
1 Break each word into its base word and suffix.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
government =
government
election =
parliament
+
p
+
politician =
minister
president =
+
governor =
+
representatives
governor
premier
2 Look at the words in question 1.
opposition
Which words have the same base word?
president
election
7 These words are homographs. Think of two different meanings for each word.
Write a sentence to show each meaning.
premier: 1.
2.
cabinet: 1.
2.
minister: 1.
2.
ial
Co
senator
+
er
opposition =
politician
The noun bear, meaning a big furry mammal, is a homograph of the verb bear, meaning
to endure or to carry.
Tip!
+
monarchy =
cabinet
A word that is spelt the same as another but has a different meaning is called a homograph.
+
For review purposes only
democracy
In which words does the base word change when
monarchy
the suffix is added?
Make sure you include the list word that is made using all the letters.
ac
©M
3 Write the list words that refer to people who work in government. Circle the word that is not relevant
in Australian government.
4 Many abbreviations are used in government. What do these abbreviations stand for?
PM MHR
MP GG
m
n
e
e
i
d
p
r
t
s
o
a
c
r
e
c
d
y
m
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tra
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federal
8 Make as many words as you can using the letters in each grid.
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9 Write the correct form of list words to complete the passage.
Most countries are
. In these countries, the citizens
their
government. In one type of democracy, such as in Australia and Singapore, the government is
headed by a prime
5 Write commonly used abbreviations for these words.
federal
government
.
representatives
Answer: c
14
France, the government is headed by a
. In another type of democracy, such as in the USA and
Suffixes; abbreviations; homographs premier, cabinet, minister; topic words: government
Suffixes; abbreviations; homographs premier, cabinet, minister; topic words: government
15
What is your problem if you are suffering from verbiage?
Re 6
visi0n
a. you are constantly making up new verbs
b. you are allergic to the smell of rotting vegetables
c. you use many redundant words
1 Complete the table.
verb
add ed
add ing
persuade
persuaded
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
judging
p
7
8
digestion
7 Add a suitable prefix.
2 Write double letters to complete each word.
— — rie
di — — uasion
pa — — enger
a — — reciation digestion
pursuit
permi — — ion
admi — — ion cha — — enge
o — — osition
ur — ent
ac
©M
refu — ee
appre — ia — — on
exhibi — — on
adju — tment
justi — e
5 Rearrange the letters to make an appropriate word.
I received a tintiondisc in the competition.
fra — ile
5. group of senior government ministers
E
6. next to
E
7. Darwin’s theory of
8. extreme tiredness
E
advantage
I’ve got
9. working well together
justice
decision
judge
to go to the late movie on Saturday night.
permit
The
of the riverbank was caused by wind and rain.
erode
jud — e
m
Denmark has the oldest chomanyr in the world.
I’m good at basketball but only gaverea in swimming.
Dad has to go to the doctor to renew his pitcrosprine.
After running the marathon, Cleo was showing signs of exusiohatn.
Sherlock Holmes managed great feats of
.
detect
Aaliyah showed her
revolu — — on
expan — — on
in organising the outing.
cooperate
exten — — on
democra — y
As time ran out, the teams played with increasing spontraidee.
of Ben’s help by buying him some chocolates.
appreciate
After eating the chocolates, Ben’s stomach showed signs of
.
expand
9 One word in each sentence is spelt incorrectly. Circle the word and write the correct spelling.
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Do flees flee when vets check a sheep’s fleece?
The artist made her debue with a one-woman show at the local gallery.
A new extention was built because more students were being enrolled at the school.
Police are trained to detect criminal desception.
In Australia, the two Houses of Parlament are the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Answer: c
16
4. needed immediately
E
Laura asked for Niamh’s
4 Write the missing letter or letters that make the s or sh sound.
prejudi — e
3. senior official in a law court
For review purposes only
3 Write g or j.
rejoi — e
E
8 Write the correct form of the word to complete each sentence.
ad — acent
2. run away from
ial
pursue
pre — udice
E
9
opposing
E
E
admitting
oppose
3
5
noun
Co
admit
decided
2
4
1. enemy
E
er
digest
decide
1
6
judge
a — — ociation c — — peration 6 Use the clues to complete the puzzle.
us
tra
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Unit
Revision
Revision
17
Unit
7
What are you doing if you are smirching?
8 Write a list word to follow each prefix.
a. soiling something
b. smiling wickedly
c. scaring something away
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
Tip!
terminate
persevere
several
away
action
animal
kingdom
prej — d — ce
virtual + ly
terminate + ion
persevere + ance
10 Use all the list words to complete the puzzle.
dev — stat — — n
Co
memory
temporary
R
R
R
R
For review purposes only
surplus
disturbance
R
v — — se
f — — ther
st — — mod — — n
w — — th
aff — — d
s — — face
c — — cular
dist — — b
5 Write a list word that is a synonym.
a few R
pearl
courtesy
R
6 Write a list word that is an antonym.
m
permanent
extra
backward
laughter blessing 7 Write the correct form of a list verb.
I overheard Grandma telling my cousin to
11 Forward sounds similar to foreword. Use a dictionary to find the meaning of each word.
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A
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Write the meaning, then use the word in a sentence.
forward
her luck when the hail destroyed her garden.
Don’t go to sleep now! The train is
R
R
real end (verb) Mrs Quinn
rehearse
R
us
tra
l ia
journal
ac
©M
search
R
R
4 Underline the letters that make the er sound in these words.
foreword
at the next station.
with his athletics training.
Answer: a
18
R
R
3 Write er, ir, or or ur.
curse
journey
ordinary + ly
memory + al
two words does or make the schwa sound?
orchestra
2 Say aloud each list word that contains or. In which
ordinary
ex
temporary + ly
d — mocr — cy
forward
ial
virtual
bitten
im
9 Add the suffix to make a new word.
Write the missing letters representing the schwa sound.
exh — bit — — n
p — jam — s
mirth
literal
evil
er
1
mineral
The unstressed vowel sound is called a schwa.
This sound can be written in many ways.
p
permanent
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
extra
Letter patterns er, ir, or, ur, ear, our
Letter patterns er, ir, or, ur, ear, our
19
Unit
5 Each word has a soft g or c sound. Use some of the letters in each word to make a word with a hard
What is a hippiater?
8
g or c sound.
a. a hip surgeon
b. a species of alligator
c. a horse doctor
1 Complete the table.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
employee
occupation
employer
engineer
manager
manager
p
cashier
base word
Co
account
sculpt
scientist
translator
sculptor
pharmacist
clue
new word
meaning
chef
add a letter
person in charge
manager
take away a letter
food trough for animals
pioneer
change 3 letters
female lion
surgeon
add a letter
large fish producing caviar
ophthalmolog
translator
scientist
engineer
7 Add er, or or ist to complete these occupation names. Use a dictionary if you need help.
lawyer
surgeon
pharmacist 6 Use the clue to make a word that matches the meaning.
list word
cash
surgeon ial
engineer
manager er
lawyer
pioneer
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
politics
curat
millin
anaesthet
carpent
tail
For review purposes only
edit
chef
2 Write the two list words that are also French words.
athlete
chauffeur
ornitholog
horolog
plumb
8 Proofread this text. Circle the five mistakes and write the words correctly.
doctor
illustrator
barrister
m
geologist
4 Write the occupation of a person who works in each place.
laboratory
pharmacy
restaurant
car
office
department store
skill and courage and the crowds cheer their
entertainment.
i l la
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biologist
9 Pioneer can be both a noun and a verb. Write a sentence for each meaning of the word
pioneer (noun):
pioneer (verb):
Answer: c
20
participating nations. The atheletes exibit great
appresiation. I feel I am always guranteed great
physicist
judge
prosecutor
is usually colourful with the many flags of the
painter
anaesthetist
I enjoy watching the Olympic Games. The venu
artist
us
tra
l ia
nurse
ac
©M
3 Write a list word that fits each group.
Adding suffixes -er, -or, -ist; topic words: occupations
Adding suffixes -er, -or, -ist; topic words: occupations
21
Unit
Risibility is the ability to
9
4 Write the list word in which silent e has been kept when the suffixes are added to the base word.
a. rise early
b. laugh easily
c. rotate your wrists
Tip!
ability
stability
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Words ending in ible and able are adjectives.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
These words may also add ity as a second
suffix.
Adding ity changes the adjective to a noun.
durability
p
adjectival form.
acceptability
noun
respectability
changeability
availability
irritability
possibility
visibility
adjective
clue
the opposite of off
answer
the colour of anger or embarrassment
what you do to show off your muscles
7 Add un, im, in or ir to make an antonym.
flexibility
possiblity
For review purposes only
flexibility
responsibility
Our coach thinks that Rahim has the
responsibility
ac
©M
adjective
noun
m
3 Most of the list words have two suffixes. Complete the pattern.
respect + able + ity
accept +
+
predict +
+
flex + ible + ity
access +
response +
+
+
adjective
to play for Australia one day.
and constantly surprises us with new magic tricks.
us
tra
l ia
Lili avoids
Write the list words ending in ability. Then write the adjectival form.
noun
Our bushwalk was cancelled due to the
of a thunderstorm.
Buster, our dog, has been bad-tempered recently. Our vet discovered that his
was due to an infection in his ear.
Janie’s
this week is to clean the board; Lucas’s is to turn off the lights and fans.
Animals are migratory if the
of food and water is not constant.
i l la
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9 Write as many words as you can using the letters in the word changeability.
Answer: b
22
predictability
8 Write list words.
accessibility
2
list word
what thieves do
ial
Co
predictability
6 Use each clue to find a smaller word within a list word. Write the small word and the list word.
er
1 Write the list words ending in ibility. Then write the
probability
5 Another word that keeps silent e is traceability. Why do these words keep the silent e?
Adding suffix -ity to words ending in ible, able
Adding suffix -ity to words ending in ible, able
23
Unit
10
Continuous and contiguous are often
confused. What does contiguous mean?
a. the contents of a tin
b. including tigers
c. adjacent
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
4 Draw a line to match each word to its meaning. Then use one of the words in your own sentence.
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
the part of each word that sounds different.
descent
symmetry
ascent
ascent
decent
cemetery
further
future
wander
excess
device
further
wonder
access
p
future
Co
Tip!
stationery
stationary
The etymology of a word tells us where
the word comes from and what its original
meaning was.
correct word in each sentence. Use a dictionary if
you need help.
bazaar
desert
sweet food eaten at the end of a meal
dessert an extremely dry place
stationary
not moving
stationery
things used for writing
5 One word in each sentence is wrong. The correct word may be a homophone or a similar sounding
word. Circle the incorrect word and write the word correctly.
Jonah pulled a mussel while running in the 100 m race.
2 Bizarre and bazaar are often confused. Write the
bizarre
way through
ial
symmetry
access
er
accent
cemetery
extra
1 The words in each pair are easily confused. Underline
accent
devise
excess
It’s rained every day this week accept Tuesday.
I wander whether my aunt will come to visit today.
For review purposes only
excess
is a French word meaning odd or
descent
fantastic.
wander
How long can you hold your breathe underwater?
Pia’s mother has lived here for many years but she still has an ascent.
The hailstorm had a devastating affect.
is an old Persian word meaning market.
lesson
Some confusing pairs of words are the verb and noun form of the same word. For example,
advise is the verb while advice is the noun.
A useful mnemonic for advise/advice is that the verb advise contains the verb is and the
noun advice contains the noun ice.
m
3 Write in the brackets whether each word is a noun or a verb. Use a dictionary if you need help. Then
24
practise (
)I
practice (
)
the piano every day.
Sam fell over at basketball
devise (
)
device (
)For our project we have to
Confusing pairs of words
Dad’s favourite
i l la
A
n Education
threw
their
.
is the remote control.
a weighing scale.
Answer: c
write the correct word in each sentence.
medal
us
tra
l ia
ac
©M
Tip!
6 Write the other homophone or homophones, then use each set of homophones in a sentence.
Confusing pairs of words
25
Unit
What is trichology?
11
6 Use some of the letters in each list word to make a three-letter, a four-letter and a five-letter word.
a. the science of hair and its diseases
b. the knowledge of three-sided objects
c. the study of tricks
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
1
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
5 letters
7 Use a list word to complete the diagram. Briefly explain the diagram.
prefixes
p
climate
recycle
er
greenhouse
Co
irrigation
irrigation
conservation
conservation
deforestation
flora
sustainable
recycle
layer
For review purposes only
3 Write the list words which are compound words.
sustainable
atmosphere
Tip!
bio (living things) + logy
ecology:
geology:
4 Write the meanings of these words. Use a dictionary if you need help.
m
unsustainable:
pollutants:
zoology:
meteorology:
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5 Use each clue to find a smaller word within a list word. Write the small word and the list word.
clue
a 3D shape a number a discoloured patch where a train stops
Affixes; suffix -logy; topic words: environment
answer
list word
9 Use a list word to name each category. Add more examples.
: trees, shrubs, grass,
: mammals, insects, fish,
: hose, dam, water pipe,
,
,
,
Answer: a
reforestation:
us
tra
l ia
ac
©M
de + forest + ation = the process of getting rid of forests
biology
8 Use a dictionary to find the meaning of each word. Write the meaning, then use the word in a sentence.
Prefixes and suffixes (affixes) add to the meaning of a base word.
26
effect
logy is a word element that means science or the study of.
fauna
Tip!
destruction of the
ial
pollution ecology
the
+
2 Write the base words.
ozone
sustainable
4 letters
Write the affixes used in the list words.
rainforest
pollution
irrigation
3 letters
suffixes
environment
environment
Affixes; suffix -logy; topic words: environment
27
Unit
R e12
visi0n
What is a snotter?
7 Rewrite each sentence using one word to replace the underlined word or phrase.
a. a rope attached to a ship’s mast
b. a person with a cold
c. a sick pig
1 Write ir, er, or or ur.
s
face
sculpt
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
We really admire Aoki because he never stops trying.
Airports must close if fog reduces the ability to see.
desp
ation
p
severe
cons
vation
mem
y
w
th
v
tual
decide responsible
accept n
We put our empty bottles in the yellow bin so that they can be made into something else.
The world has to be careful about getting rid of all the forests, or our way of life may not be able
to be sustained.
Co
disturb
gov
geon
pollute
er
p
2 Write the noun form.
s
translate 8 Complete the tables.
able ial
irrigate
noun
3 Write the occupation associated with each picture.
adjective
responsibility
possible
noun
stable
availability
flexible
For review purposes only
visibility
adjective
probable
predictability
9 Write the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.
4 Write the antonym.
Our team captain later
certainty
backward
possibility
5 Use each word in a sentence.
affect
effect
6 Colour the correct word.
flexibility
stability
m
Yesterday, Alan
that he used to believe in bunyips.
admit
Everyone had to
to complete the obstacle course.
cooperate
Were you
by the thunderstorm last night?
disturb
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Fireworks have a terrible affect effect on my dog, who howls and whimpers.
Dad’s taking me to buy some stationary stationery for my project.
accept
us
tra
l ia
ac
©M
permanent
responsibility for mixing up the time of our match.
my shirt at half time definitely helped me play better.
change
10 Write about how recycling helps the environment.
I had to practice practise for weeks before I could hold my breath breathe long enough to
Alita and her friends love to go to the Saturday bazaar bizarre .
28
Revision
Answer: a
swim across the pool underwater.
Revision
29
13
What does it mean to ride pillion?
Diarrhoea is unpleasant to have and difficult to spell.
a. to be a passenger on a motorcycle
b. to deliver medicines in a van
c. to carry pillows on a bike
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
1 Write a list word that rhymes.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
fire
opinion
ignition
rational
gradient
p
2 Write the list word that is an antonym.
senior
Co
junior
Many of the list words add ity to make the noun.
inferior inferior
exterior
interior posterior
3 Write the list word that is a synonym.
alliance
union
peculiar
shining
diarrhoea
strange
senior
inferior
peculiar
superior
familiar
8 Write list words to complete the puzzle. Write your own clue for each word.
previous
ac
©M
Interior, exterior, posterior and anterior describe different positions. The first syllable
indicates the position.
If postpone means put off until later, then post means
If antecede means go before, then ante means
If external means outside, then ex means
If internal means inside, then in means
5 Draw a line to match each word to its meaning.
interior
before
exterior
inside
anterior
behind
posterior
outside
Letter patterns ion, ior, ian, iar; suffix -ity
m
1
.
D
7
A
A
I
.
8
O
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9
3
6
5
.
.
2
L
A
P
4
T
O
A
Across
1.
3.
N
7.
8.
9.
Down
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Answer: a
4 Complete each sentence.
30
prior
For review purposes only
radiant
Tip!
priority
7 Add ity to make the noun.
frequent
median
prior
Tip!
irrational ial
superior
occasionally
er
prior
6 Make up mnemonics to help you remember the spelling of diarrhoea and occasionally.
diarrhoea
defiance
tuition
occasional
The number of double letters in occasionally also causes confusion.
Tip!
us
tra
l ia
Unit
Letter patterns ion, ior, ian, iar; suffix -ity
31
14
What is a pestle?
5 Write as many words as you can ending in tle. Circle the word if the t is silent.
a. a pest elimination service
b. a club-shaped tool used to grind spices
c. a small child being a nuisance
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
1 Write the list words that have a hard c sound, as in
clear.
Tip!
optical
practical
skeletal
6 Use a dictionary to find the meaning of metal and mettle. Use each word in a sentence.
mettle:
p
gradual
base word
list word
sequence
sequential
especially
essentially
benefit
essentially
excel
rebel
practical
Rule! confidence
confidential
Exceptions: office
official
7 Add al.
practice
For review purposes only
particle
chortle
vehicle
Tip!
ac
©M
I can’t wait to see the next instalment of the television
abdominal
aural
preference
palace
lines that are always the same distance apart
.
spinal
m
progressing slowly
something of a very small size
something with wheels for transportation
.
dental
sequence
in particular
numbers of the stolen banknotes were published in the newspaper.
4 Use the words to label the pictures.
essence
8 Write a list word to match each meaning.
for breakfast every morning, except on weekends.
Wheat, rye, oats and maize are all kinds of
9 Write the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.
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optical
nasal
The hero in the story
commit a crime.
against his uncle when he realised he was expected to
rebel
The champion has been
in her sport for many years.
excel
I couldn’t stop
when I heard the joke.
chortle
Answer: b
32
practical
Serial and cereal are homophones.
3 Write serial or cereal to complete each sentence.
The
If a noun ends in ce, change the ce to ti before adding al to make the adjective.
serial
skeleton
parallel
I have
metal:
ial
Co
beneficial
er
2 Complete the table.
serial
Metal and mettle are homophones.
us
tra
l ia
Unit
Letter patterns al, el, le; suffix -al; homophones serial/cereal, metal/mettle
Letter patterns al, el, le; suffix -al; homophones serial/cereal, metal/mettle
33
15
What does vertiginous mean?
5 Write list words.
a. vertical
b. whirling
c. a virtual reality game show
friends are quite
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
Sometimes the base word changes when
ous is added.
Tip!
wondrous
disastrous
1
humorous
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
We never know what’s going to happen when we stay with Grandma. We have great fun and my
p
change to
base word
list word
mysterious
suspicious
envious
wonder
delete
disaster
delete
humour
delete
ferocious
2 Write the three list words that have no change to
voracious
a dog who looks
The old building looked as precarious as a house of cards.
Tip!
6 Choose three list words and write a simile for each.
7 Write the list word that is a synonym.
the base word when ous is added.
For review purposes only
precarious
advantageous
spontaneous
O
O
O
O
O
O
furious
vice
vicious
3 Add ous.
study
ac
©M
If the base word ends in ce or y, change e or y to i before adding ous.
Rule! fury
but will eat bits of toast out of your hand.
Similes describe something by comparing it to something else using like or as.
change le to
miracle
rebellious
manner, so we followed them for a while as if we were detectives. She has
ial
Co
poisonous
a
sight. Another time, she thought her neighbours were behaving in
er
base word
miraculous
shower. It was a
Look at the base word. Write the related list word,
then state the change to the base word.
hazardous
. Once she woke us in the middle of the night to watch a meteor
grace
envy
mystery
m
If the base word ends in e, drop the e before adding ous.
Rule! Exception: words ending in ge or ce
courage
S
S
S
S
S
S
jealous
funny
greedy
distrustful
impulsive
favourable
8 Use each clue to find a smaller word within a list word. Write the small word and the list word.
clue
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fame
courageous
U
U
U
U
U
U
us
tra
l ia
Unit
famous
answer
list word
something you can ring a browning of the skin a male child of parents
4 Add ous.
ridicule
space
outrage
malice
nerve
advantage
to sing without words
Answer: b
34
a motor vehicle
Suffix -ous
Suffix -ous
35
Unit
16
What does the word element neo mean?
3 Using the word origin as a clue, write a list word to match each definition.
a. nil
b. new
c. a broken neon light
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
speaking with a loud, fierce voice
someone new and inexperienced
1
Sort the list words into adjectives, verbs and nouns.
Some words may belong to more than one group.
novel
verbs
novelty
novice
to produce something new
to call forth
to make notes
to remember the past
to speak on someone’s behalf
p
innovation
4 These words belong to the same word family as list words. Use each word in a sentence to show its
vocabulary
advocate
vociferous
invoke
nouns
notice
reminiscent:
renovate:
notorious:
adjectives
provoke
meaning.
revoke:
ial
Co
vocal
something new and unusual
er
innovate
For review purposes only
notify
annotate
Tip!
reminisce
Novel is a homograph. It has two different meanings.
ac
©M
Tip!
Etymology is the study of the origin of words. Most English words have Old English, Latin
or Greek origins. Synonyms often have different origins. For example, new is from Old
English, while novel is from Latin.
The Latin origins for the list words are:
nova = new
vox = voice
notare = note
2 Group the list words.
related to voice:
reminisci = remember.
m
related to remember:
6 Use a list word to complete each title. Make up a title and author of your own.
A Complete
by B. Ginner
No More! by I. Forget
in the Home by Han D. Man
The
Speaker by I. M. Noisy
Creating a Great
by Rider Book
by
Answer: b
36
novel (adjective) =
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A
n Education
related to new:
related to note:
novel (noun) =
us
tra
l ia
5 Write a definition for each meaning of novel.
Etymology: nova, vox, notare, reminisci
Etymology: nova, vox, notare, reminisci
37
Unit
17
A periscope is
4 Write the correct form of a list word to complete each sentence.
a. a gourmet plum
b. a viewing device on a submarine
c. a device to measure the perimeter of an area
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
1 Divide these list words into syllables. Underline the
syllable that is stressed in each word.
toxic
evaporate method
microscope experiment
temperature thermometer
theory
equipment
hypothesis
p
acid
ic is a less common suffix that changes
a noun to an adjective. The base word
usually changes when ic is added.
Co
evaporate
equipment
Rule!
tragedy
labelled
.
. She encourages us to carry
to test things out. I am going to test my
5 Use list words to complete the puzzle.
1
2
3
4
8. a way of explaining what is observed
noun
9. a way of testing a theory
5
6
7
Down
adjective
For review purposes only
base
hypothesis
laboratory
1. a measure of how hot or cold something is
2. a solution is either neutral, acidic or
8
3. good experiments follow the scientific
acid
4. to convert a liquid into a gas
toxin
us
tra
l ia
ac
©M
7. vinegar is a common
horror
In a compound word, both parts can be used independently. Some words are not
compound words, but consist of two separate word elements. Scope and meter can act as
words and as word elements. As word elements, scope refers to a viewing instrument and
meter to a measuring instrument.
m
i l la
A
n Education
3 Use a dictionary to find the meaning of the word element and the whole word.
microscope =
thermo =
thermometer =
Write other words you know that use these word elements.
scope:
meter:
Suffix -ic; word elements scope, meter; topic words: science
6 Write whether these word pairs are synonyms or antonyms.
acidic/alkaline
evaporation/condensation
equipment/apparatus
theoretical/practical
Answer: b
micro =
5. what is tested during an experiment
9
science
38
Across
6. a room in which experiments are performed
tragic
change. Use a dictionary if you need help.
microscope
Tip!
that the
room temperature affects how quickly a slice of apple goes brown.
2 Add ic to make the adjective. The base word may
chemical
are poisonous. Bottles containing dangerous materials are usually
My teacher believes that any place can be a
out
given in the recipe.
ial
temperature
alkaline
Some
er
method
acid
creatures called viruses and bacteria.
When you cook a cake, it is very important to follow the
solution
alkaline
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
What usually makes people sick are
Suffix -ic; word elements scope, meter; topic words: science
39
R e18
visi0n
1
The word quadrumanous is used to describe
4 Use a word you have learnt to complete each sentence.
a. lions that have four manes
b. animals that use four feet as hands
c. animals that have four teeth for eating
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
In this diagram, the
unequal lengths, but they are actually the same length. It is an
Complete the tables.
noun
adjective
verb
advantage
equip
humour
solve
mystery
a
The best way to increase your
Co
adjective
Cherie is always happy to give her
rebel
2 Write words that follow each rule.
Tip!
Keep the e so g stays soft when adding a suffix.
For review purposes only
hideous
occasion
peculiar
vehicle
spontaneous
laboratory
ac
©M
6 Write a word to name each category.
I love the cakes at Pierre’s Patisserie because they are always
m
i l la
A
n Education
with new flavours.
experiment
Did you know that if you drink too much water, you can get water
?
poison
Because the water
as soon as it hit the pan, I knew the pan was hot.
evaporate
When Dana is amused, she doesn’t just laugh, she
.
chortle
Revision
chlorine, ammonia, sodium chloride, fluoride
against all the rules when he was young but now he’s a police inspector!
rebel
Weety Flakes, Rice Pops, Corn Puffs, muesli
7 Proofread this text. Circle the five mistakes and write the words correctly.
The scientist was carrying out an experiment in her laborratory. She
had a hypothises to test. Her method was to combine an acid and an
alkali in different proportions and measure the temprature at which the
solution boiled with a thermommeter. She wandered what the results
would show.
Answer: b
Uncle Carlos
40
car, truck, tractor, van
that he had jury duty next month.
notify
on any issue.
When two or more words start with the same sound, it is called alliteration.
3 Write the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.
Dad was
.
5 Write a second word so that each pair is an example of alliteration.
Remove silent e from the base word before adding a suffix.
Change the final y to i before adding a suffix.
is to read a lot.
ial
benefit
practice
chemicals.
A stomach bug gave Ramon a bad case of
radiate
essence
.
You must take precautions when handling
verb
skeleton
Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe bacteria under
noun
p
edit
illusion.
er
disaster
lines look like they are of
us
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Unit
Revision
41
19
5 Convert and converse both form a noun ending in ion. Write the nouns, then use each one in a
Flocculation is what happens when
sentence. Use a dictionary if you need help.
a. music makes you sway from side to side
b. flocks of sheep gather
c. things are formed in a woolly mass
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
1 Complete the table.
converse
verb
satisfaction
definition
satisfy
repetition
define
noun
6 Use the clues to complete the puzzle.
p
cancellation
alteration
declaration
Co
continuation
exclamation
alter
cancellation
explanation
exclamation
variation
multiplication
repetition
continuation
To add ion to a base word ending in y,
change the y to i and add cation.
multiply
multiplication
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
all talk and no
learning with a tutor
The judge’s
is final.
antonym of acceptance
ial
declaration
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
er
conversation
what someone makes when they accuse you of something
What is your
for being late?
document that informs you of something
An abbreviation is either a short form of a word, or the first letter of each word in a phrase.
government
govt
United States of America
USA
For review purposes only
application
Rule!
identification
Some exceptions: vary
variation
satisfaction
satisfy
notification
add ion
apply
multiply
identify
ac
©M
2 Complete the tables.
base word
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
convert
base word
The list word that is the exception is
m
PIN
7 Write the abbreviated name of each organisation. Circle the abbreviations that are acronyms.
Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation National Aeronautic and Space Administration
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more syllables than their base words.
.
AIDS
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
magnify
vilify
An acronym is a special kind of abbreviation. In an acronym, the abbreviation is
pronounced as a whole word.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
notify
3 Say the list words out loud, then complete the statements.
All of the list words except one have
add ion
Tip!
us
tra
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Unit
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group
4 Write as many words as you can using the letters in the word cancellation.
Answer: c
42
Suffixes -ion, -ition, -ation; abbreviations
Suffixes -ion, -ition, -ation; abbreviations
43
Unit
An aviary is where
20
6 Write a list word to complete each advertising slogan.
a. aircraft are designed
b. honey is harvested
c. birds are kept
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
1 Write the words in which ery, ary or ory is a suffix.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
library
Put yourself in
Drop in for a word
the picture!
or two with us at
Visit the National
your local
Portrait
salary
imaginary
p
Co
documentary
base word
grocery
list word
imaginary
second
jewellery
category
There’s no present like the time!
jewellery
Watch out for specials at
grocery gallery forgery
dormitory
sum
explore
laundry
.
jewellery category
8 Each small word can be found inside a list word. Use the list words to complete the story.
For review purposes only
accusatory
Clocks ’n’ Gems
a vowel has changed. Circle the sound that has changed.
document
exploratory
tar
all
rat
for
accusatory
Last night I watched a
dorm
The commentator was giving a detailed
doco
summary = a brief presentation of facts
summery = like summer, or to do with summer
because of its crunchy texture.
My parents are saving part of their
m
of what the book is about.
It was an autumn day, but the warm breeze made it feel
.
jewell
I love books, and one day I’d like to work in a
libary. I think I’d enjoy putting each new book into its
correct categry. I’m not sure what the salery would
be. But to become a librarian you first have to finish
secondory school, and then go to university. I think
categ
sal
dormit
summ
Words ending in ary, ery, ory; confusing pairs salary/celery, summary/summery
forg
imagin
make sure that the good points aren’t just imaginery!
gall
explorat
Answer: c
libr
9 Proofread this text. Circle the five mistakes and write the words correctly.
I’d try doing work experience in a library first, to
5 Add ary, ery or ory.
.
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A
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each month so we can buy a new car.
The blurb on the back of a book gives a brief
of each artist’s life, when what I was
conversation with an artist he suspected of
4 Write the correct word to complete each sentence. Circle the words that are homophones.
I love
.
interested in were the paintings. But it got interesting when the commentator began an
These pairs of words are sometimes confused.
salary = money paid for regular work
celery = a crisp green vegetable
on an exhibition at the State Art
us
tra
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sec.
ac
©M
3 Write a list word for each abbreviation.
44
.
7 Rearrange some letters to make a small word in which the pronunciation of either a consonant or
sum
forgery
document
.
ial
gallery
groc
Jo’s Green
er
2 Complete the table.
summary
fastest food of all !
Peel a banana from
today.
secondary
Tip!
The
Words ending in ary, ery, ory; confusing pairs salary/celery, summary/summery
45
21
4 Use a dictionary to find the meaning of each word. Write the meaning, then name some animals in
A polyglot is
each category.
a. someone who eats parrots
b. a figure with many angles and sides
c. a person who speaks many languages
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
Tip!
monopoly
monorail
A word element is a part of a word that
can only be used in combination with
another part of a word.
meaning.
p
mono
multiple
one
multimedia
omni
many
multicultural
omnivore =
ial
multi
Co
multipurpose
all
Which of the word elements above means the same
as poly?
multilingual
polygon
polyphonic
omnivore
Multi is Latin in origin and poly is Greek.
Early Greek expertise in mathematics and
science means that many words in these
areas start with poly, not multi.
er
monosyllabic
Tip!
Mrs Malaprop was a character in a play who continually mixed up similar sounding words.
These ‘slips of the tongue’ are now called malapropisms.
For review purposes only
omnipresent
Tip!
omnipotent
omniscient
polygon
monorail
multiple
monotonous multicultural mono
polygon
omnivorous polyphonic
lingual
multi
tri
poly
syllabic
m
5 Circle the malapropism in each sentence, then write the correct word.
I don’t like Rap ’n’ Roar’s latest song. It’s got a strong rhythm but it gets monogamous.
omnivore
3 Write words beginning with these word elements.
mono
polyester
ac
©M
2 Underline the syllable that is stressed.
Triangles and squares are examples of polyglots.
Big Brother is omnivorous: he knows everything.
We use the multiparty hall for basketball, badminton and assemblies.
Tourists enjoy travelling on Sydney’s monolith.
My brother’s favourite board game is Monotony.
Now write a deliberate malapropism of your own.
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tri
quadru
multi
ple
6 Monopoly is one of the most popular board games in the world. Explain how it got its name.
Use a dictionary if you need help.
Answer: c
46
carnivore =
1 Draw a line to match the word element with its
monotonous
bi
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
herbivore =
us
tra
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Unit
Word elements mono, multi, poly, omni
Word elements mono, multi, poly, omni
47
6 The meaning of each word element is given. L or G shows whether the word is from Latin or Greek.
A heckelphone is
22
Write the list word that combines these word elements.
a. a loud heckler
b. a noisy telephone
c. a musical instrument
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
tele
1 Write a list word that rhymes.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
symphony
athletic
phonetic
priority
microphone
synonymous
p
synonym
2 Write a list word that contains the smaller word.
pseudonym
anonymous
net
sympathy
empathy
telepathy
majesty
majority
cop
crop
ice
jest
one
pat
cent
magnificent
ac
©M
Synonyms or antonyms?
majority/most
cheerful/gloomy
4 Write a word that has the same underlined word element.
microphone
majesty
kako
phone
+
G: bad
G: sound
syn onyma +
G: together
G: name
anti
onyma
+
G: opposite
G: name
pseudo
onyma
+
G: false
G: name
em
patheia
+
=
=
=
G: feeling
=
=
For review purposes only
3 Write whether these word pairs are synonyms or antonyms. Then write your own examples of
synonyms and antonyms.
G: feeling
L: in
magnify
G: far away
=
ial
Co
antonym
patheia
er
cacophony
+
The magician claimed he used mental telegraphy to communicate with his assistant.
Your examples
m
telepathy
7 Circle the malapropism in each sentence and write the correct word.
us
tra
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Unit
The kidnapper sent a synonymous letter demanding a huge ransom.
The authority of the class voted to play volleyball in the gym.
Sam wears glasses to modify the text on his laptop.
8 Rewrite each sentence using the correct form of a list word to make it shorter.
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Dictionaries often use an alphabet in which symbols replace letters to represent pronunciation.
Mrs Jenkins assured us that she was experiencing the same sad feelings that we were.
48
micro
loud
small
measure
magni
great
royal
magic
tele
sound
sender
far away
Etymology: phone, onyma, patheia, magnus
Being on stage is scary because the silence makes every mistake seem bigger.
Answer: c
5 Circle the meaning of each word element.
Etymology: phone, onyma, patheia, magnus
49
Unit
23
WHO is the abbreviation for
a. World Health Organisation
b. World Horticultural Organisation
c. Wild Horses in the Outback
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
1 Write list words to complete the table.
Category
Examples
antibiotics, aspirin,
virus
intestine
capsule
appendix
vaccination
immunisation
appendix 1.
p
medical equipment
Co
abdomen
2.
illnesses
2.
syringe, thermometer,
5 An ache is an ongoing pain. Write the names of different types of aches.
heart, lungs,
bronchitis, tonsillitis,
ial
influenza
er
organ
4 Write sentences to show the different meanings of organ and appendix. Use a dictionary if you need help.
organ 1.
bacteria
fracture
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Tip!
medicine
pregnant
The word organ is a homograph. The word appendix is also a homograph. Each word
has two very different meanings.
6 Write what each abbreviation stands for. Circle the abbreviations that are acronyms.
flu
CF
AIDS
2 Write list words to answer the questions.
ADD
MS
For review purposes only
pneumonia
Which word has a silent letter?
stethoscope
Which words end in the same vowel sound?
SARS
7 Each sentence contains one or two spelling errors. Circle the mistakes and write each word correctly.
I have a pain in my apendix so I have a docter’s appointment.
Which words contain double letters?
clue
an assessment task a shape like a hemisphere answer
a type of hat a strong but tiny insect
a tool for writing to play a part
rested on a chair
We thought our cat’s swelling addomen meant she was overweight, but it turned out she was
list word
Nowadays children can be imunnised against many diseases.
Why is it that even in hot whether a stethescope feels cold on your chest?
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8 Write about a day in your life as a doctor. Use as many list words as you can.
Answer: a
50
m
Salim fracturd his wrist attempting to catch a cricket ball.
pregnent.
3 Use each clue to find a smaller word within a list word. Write the small word and the list word.
us
tra
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ac
©M
Which words have a soft c sound?
Abbreviations; homographs organ, appendix; topic words: medicine
Abbreviations; homographs organ, appendix; topic words: medicine
51
Unit
What is sterilisation?
R e24
visi0n
9 Some letters have gone missing from each sentence. Write each sentence correctly.
a. staring all the time
b. the realisation that you do not like stairs
c. the process of making something free of germs
1 Write the plural.
2 Write the past tense.
explore
multiple magnify
bacterium cancel
virus
fracture
continue
define
Co
exclaim
verb
noun
10 Use the clues to complete the puzzle.
magnify
1
imagine
2
A
1. a musical instrument or body part
A
2. money for doing work
A
3
vary
satisfy
A
3. a place to borrow books
A
4
multiply
5
ial
noun
I was feeling genrus so I forgave Rita for eating my share of the delicous cake.
er
verb
Kara’s favrit game is Monopoly because she can be an imaginry millonaire.
Mr Jaffar is forgtful and somtimes throws his medcines away.
p
symphony 3 Add a suffix to each verb to complete the tables.
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
At the begning of my project I have t includ a sumry.
4. a train running on a single track
A
For review purposes only
repeat
explore
6
A
A
7
4 Write the list words from Units 19-23 that have silent letters.
8
ga — — ery
su — — ary
8. speaking many languages
A: He didn’t want to wake up the
tablets.
Q: Why is an optometrist like a teacher?
A: They both examine the
.
12 Write the correct form of each word to complete the sentences.
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I fell down the stairs the other day and
7 Write sentences to show the two different meanings of the homograph organ.
1.
7. a movie that gives information
Q: Why did the boy tiptoe past the medicine cabinet?
monosy — — abica — — endix
jewe — — erycance — — ation
m
6. a charge made against you
11 Write a word to complete each riddle.
6 Write the double letters to complete each word.
va — — ination
i — — unisation A
us
tra
l ia
ac
©M
5 Name these instruments used by a doctor.
A
5. a series of loud grating noises
my ankle.
fracture
Roald is great at addition, subtraction and division, but not as good at
2.
multiply
8 Add ary, ery or ory.
dormit
52
Revision
groc
jewell
document
second
forg
summ
gall
imagin
explorat
laborat
vary
rather than lots of
.
repeat
Answer: c
libr
I like music that has
.
Revision
53
A cygnet is
25
a. a baby swan
b. a tubular fishing net
c. an internet expert
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Tip!
1 Circle the word in which cy has a different sound.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
cyclone
cyclone
cynical
cynical
cyberspace
literacy
numeracy
privacy
pregnancy
p
cyclone
numeracy obstinacy
pregnancy legacy privacy
the word encyclopedia.
delicacy
the irrational fear of computers or technology
7 Write list words.
Caviar is considered a
Reading and writing are
Air increases the
buoyancy
urgency
of an inflatable object and helps it float.
People who value their
An
often grow tall hedges.
is a good source of general information.
After practising archery for many months, my
Tip!
improved.
ac
©M
infancy
delicate
delicacy
4 Write the base word.
accuracy urgency privacy adequacy m
1 O B
2 O B
obstinacy numeracy 3 O B
buoyancy
4 O B
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5 O B
literacy
6 O B
5 What is the base word of cynical? Use a dictionary to find a word to complete
each sentence.
A person who is cynical is called a
A person who is cynical suffers from
The prefix ob is Greek in origin and can mean either towards or against.
8 Each word in the puzzle begins with ob. Use a dictionary if you need help.
Most nouns ending in cy have base words ending in nt or te.
.
2. to focus irrational attention on
3. to get or acquire
4. to watch closely
5. unclear or hidden
6. to put an obstacle in the way
7 O B
7. out of date
8 O B
8. clearly, evidently
9 O B
9. an offensive or indecent word or remark
10 O B
.
1. significantly overweight
10. antonym of subjectivity
Answer: a
54
skills.
For review purposes only
obstinacy
Rule! infant
in many countries.
Tracy caused great devastation in Darwin in 1974.
3 Write as many words as you can using the letters in
adequacy
a place where you can eat and use the Internet at the same time
ial
Co
accuracy
Write a word beginning with cyber to match each definition.
er
in which c has a hard sound. Use as many letters as
you can.
legacy
6
cyberspace
2 Use letters from each word to make a smaller word
encyclopedia
Cyber is a word element that shows that the word is related to computers.
us
tra
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Unit
Letter pattern cy; suffix -cy; prefix ob-
Letter pattern cy; suffix -cy; prefix ob-
55
Unit
Psittacism is
26
5 Write a synonym.
a. an intelligent joke
b. the habit of sitting around all the time
c. meaningless, repetitive babble
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
territory
appropriate
suffocate
league
gate
pallor
interrogate
equipment
1000 years
rat
Nouns ending in us or um are Latin in origin. The Latin plural forms are still sometimes used.
radius
radii
datum
data
But nowadays most words add s or es to make the plural.
virus
viruses
vacuum
vacuums
7 Write the plural without using s.
Co
suppress
100 years
Tip!
press
verb
curriculum
enough
fit
2 Complete the table.
colleague
10 years
fungus cactus curriculum add ing
suffocate
8 Use the correct form of a list word to complete each sentence.
suppress
Many animals are
by nature. Once they have established their
, they will fight others to protect it.
interrogate
For review purposes only
assassin
I am on the
suffice
apparatus
to organise the school fete this year.
Dad always insists we are
recommend
millennium
millennium
ial
confetti
coworker
er
committee
prop
p
sufficient
graffiti
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
1 Write the list word that contains the smaller word.
6 Write one word for each period of time.
dressed before we go out.
The hostage was so frightened he had a deathly
terrorise
. Fortunately the
by his captors did not last long.
Our school painted a mural on the fence to prevent
territory committee
graffiti
pallor
colleague
American President John F. Kennedy was
confetti
curriculum
appropriate
suppress
apparatus
The scientific
4 Sort the list words according to the number of syllables.
3
2
m
.
in Dallas in 1963.
included beakers, test tubes and Bunsen burners.
Collective nouns can be conventional or creative.
Tip!
4
a school of fish
a wail of weeping willows
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9 Write creative collective nouns
for con fetti and gra ffiti. Then
choose two words of your
own and write collective nouns
for them.
word
collective noun
confetti
graffiti
Answer: c
56
us
tra
l ia
ac
©M
3 Underline the stressed syllable in each word.
Double consonants
Double consonants
57
The coccyx is
27
5 Write list words to complete the puzzle. Write your own clue for each word.
a. the bone at the base of your spine
b. a sick cockatoo
c. the nail on your big toe
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
Tip!
successful
eccentric
p
accommodation
occupation
occurrence
occasionally
desiccate
succulent
treme
a
ept
e
ite
e
it
de
eive
ide e
er
a
ident
e
ept
re
eive a
ess
ne
essary
a
essory
occurrence 4 Write list words to match the clues.
This is the only word that can take a prefix.
This is a musical instrument.
This word has a drinking vessel in it.
This word has a popular drink in it.
This word has a business or organisation in it.
These words have money in them.
ac
©M
3 Write the base word.
occasionally 11
ise
m
accommodation
A
E
9
A
C
C
M
O
T
S
Across
Down
1
2
4
3
9
5
10
6
11
7
8
9
6 Proofread this text. Circle the five mistakes and write the words correctly.
Acording to Grandpa, the likelihood of an acciddent occuring in our
family increases as a birthday approaches. The latest incident happenned
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just last week. My cousin Susie received a mouth organ as a present.
Unfortunately she triped while playing it and hit her head on the
computer. She got a black eye, but was lucky she didn’t lose a tooth!
Answer: a
58
e
U
6
8
For review purposes only
accolade
This word has a thick string in it.
A
ygen
de
piccolo
successful
10
o
C
7
2 Write c, cc, x or xc.
accumulate
S
ial
Co
accomplish
5
er
accompany
A
4
the c that makes a soft sound.
according
2
3
1 Write the list words that have a soft c sound. Circle
accentuate
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
C makes its soft sound when it is followed
by e, i or y.
1
us
tra
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Unit
Double consonants cc
Double consonants cc
59
28
A disincentive is
4 These sentences are too negative. Rewrite each sentence so it makes sense.
a. a process that removes smells
b. a machine that takes away your coins
c. something that discourages you from doing something
Everyone looked puzzled as the conclusion to Rex’s speech was not quite illogical.
1 Add a prefix to make the antonym.
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
comprehension
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
My teacher praised me for an unsuccessful entry in the art competition.
legal mobile visible
The article carefully and uncritically reviewed the evidence.
unchangeable
exploration
interested necessary regular
The space in the hall was hard to rearrange as the chairs were not immovable.
p
ignorance
er
delightful
2 Add a suffix to make a noun.
irrational
immobile
immovable
investigation
noticeably
symmetrical
ignore press
exclude able
private selfish
satisfy criticise
5 Write the correct form of the word to complete each sentence.
Reading
is an important aspect of literacy.
comprehend
Mum bought a
To
3 syllables
educate
reverse
explore
intend
60
Adding multiple affixes
m
4 syllables
5 syllables
educated
educational
document
trod on our cat’s tail this morning.
unintentional
Radio telescopes are an important part of the
of space nowadays.
explore
6 Proofread this text. Circle the five mistakes and write the words correctly.
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I’m writing a detective story. My character, Shirl Lock, is a mischevious girl who
loves investigating mysteries. In the begining, her collection of semi-preceous
gems goes missing. Her investergation leads her to view her best friend with
suspision. In the end, however, her brother is the culprit. To apologise for his
misbehaviour, he gives Shirl a beautiful piece of amber to add to her collection.
Answer: c
ac
©M
I
3 Complete the table. Add affixes to increase the number of syllables. The first one has been
done for you.
2 syllables
us in our fundraising this year, our teacher showed us a
encourage
about the cause we are supporting.
The general term for prefixes and suffixes is affixes.
change
puppy.
affection
reversible
note
.
celebrate
A new family has moved in next door. There are two children and an
uncritically
1 syllable
new dress to wear to her birthday
beauty
For review purposes only
unintentionally
Tip!
ial
Co
invisible
us
tra
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Unit
Adding multiple affixes
61
Unit
What is a questionnaire?
29
6 Write the correct form of the word to complete the sentence.
a. a person who asks pesky questions
b. someone who doesn’t know how much money they have
c. a list of questions
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Toby was
millionaire =
currency
allowance =
exchange
financial =
pound
+
Mrs Vazquez says
p
+
without getting into debt.
The boxes of chocolates were
Co
subsidy
7 These people work with money. Write the occupation to match the definition.
subsidy
subsidy
accountant
euro
purchase
our excursion to Uluru.
ial
exchange
discount
so Mr Muthu bought ten!
discount
currency
budget
is important so we know how much money we can spend
budget
Some generous parents are
allowance
financial
purchase
2 Write the plural.
allowance
exchange
was too big, so she took it back to the shop to be
er
baht
.
+
accountant =
rupiah
The T-shirt her aunt
+
+
treasury =
euro
financial
1 Write each word as a base word and suffix.
independent when he was eighteen.
cashier
teller
money changer
For review purposes only
expenditure
3 Some currencies have a special symbol. Write the
currency.
millionaire
treasury
¥
£
You pay this person at the checkout counter.
You give or receive money from this person in a bank.
This person exchanges one currency for another.
pound euro
baht
millionaire
Allowance
5 Use each clue to find a smaller word within a list word. Write the small word and the list word.
clue
helps fish steer
a flower not yet in bloom
answer
to run after someone
king of the jungle
opposite of high
finish
a flat circular object
62
Suffixes; plurals; non-English words; topic words: money
m
8 Look at Alex’s weekly account and write a report of his budget and expenditure.
list word
Savings
Magazine
$20
$45.60
$4.50
Grandma’s gift $7.50
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A
n Education
Photos
$6.95
Pool entry
$2.00
Ice-cream
$1.70
$22.65
Answer: c
ac
©M
4 Write a rhyming word.
us
tra
l ia
This person keeps track of money in a business.
Suffixes; plurals; non-English words; topic words: money
63
Unit
To rappel is to
R e30
5 Write a word to match each definition. Each word has the letters cy, but not as a suffix.
a. rap without a sense of rhythm
b. descend a steep slope using a rope
c. turn magnets away from each other
visi0n
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
1 These words need single or double consonants added. Write the words correctly using the consonants in
brackets.
e
a
a
cu
i
ium (l, n)
va
i
ation (c, n)
in (s, s)
gra
i
u
mi
io
um (r, c, l)
i (f, t)
de
aire (l, n)
o
piccolo
a
book of knowledge
a conical, evergreen tree
a poison
ate (s, c)
iona
y (c, s, l)
6 Write a synonym and an antonym.
synonym
buy
new
confetti
currency
antonym
rational
sufficient
ial
3
committee i
two-wheeled transportation
odation (c, m)
Co
territory o
use again
er
2 Write the plural.
a
p
mi
hurricane
7 Write the correct form of the word to complete each sentence.
Most of the vowels have been left out of these sentences. Write each sentence correctly.
I closed my door to get some
My sstr s xtrmly obstnt s w cn rrly prsd hr t chng hr mnd.
.
private
Please check your work for
.
accurate
For review purposes only
Prsnlly, I thnk m ncl s a lttl ccntrc bcs h njys rdng th dctnry.
Snails are considered a
in France.
Objects have greater
I m rsrchng th dffrnc n byncy f bjcts n frsh wtr nd slt wtr.
8 Add c, cc, x or xc.
Faizal is an
success accomplish violin playing at the Town Hall.
Uncle Max is a
rare
sympathy
and
Revision
m
. So far, his greatest
.
e
entric
e
cite
su
essful e
ercise
de
ide
re
eive
e
tra
a
entuate
a
complish
e
ept
e
act
9 Write as many words as you can by adding affixes to the base word. Choose one member of the
word family to use in your own sentence.
able:
believe:
kind of person. He’s quite shy and
friend
humour
has been
upation
i l la
A
n Education
achieve
says much. However, when he has a story to tell, we give him our full
because his stories are always very
64
frustrate
when she pricked her
o
us
tra
l ia
finger yet again. to thread a needle and felt
buoyant
attend
excite:
Answer: b
ac
©M
Diana tried
in salt water than in fresh water.
4 Write the correct form of the words to complete each sentence. You will need to add either one or two
affixes.
delicate
Revision
65
Unit
31
A fascicle is
5 These sets of words are sometimes confused. Write the correct word to complete each sentence.
a. an interesting fact
b. a broken icicle
c. a small bundle
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
ascend
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
1 Each word has a soft c sound. Use some of the letters
in each word to make a word with a hard c sound.
obscene susceptible miscellaneous
descend
transcend
effervescent
miscellaneous
susceptible
convalesce
scintillate
conscience
conscientious
resuscitate
dole ran
ride lane
it science
Be careful, as the
There was no
descent
decent
is steep and muddy.
when Magda and Ewan were elected school captains.
6 Add the suffix to make the noun.
base word
add ion
scintillate
resuscitate
ale
base word
base word
add ence
convalesce
effervesce
For review purposes only
scene dissent
singing voice but she’s no opera singer!
ial
iridescent
2 Write the list word that contains the smaller word.
to make us laugh.
of Mount Everest must be made in stages.
She’s got a
Co
fluorescent
The
assent
to our plan to hold a twilight barbecue.
Don told the joke with a French
resuscitate
p
adolescent
The principal gave his
accent
er
obscene
ascent
transcend
add ity
fluoresce
susceptible
ac
©M
7 Write the correct form of a list word to complete each sentence.
Ascend, descend and transcend all have the same Latin origin, scandere, meaning to climb.
Tip!
The prefix a or ad means towards, de means away from and trans means beyond.
ascend =
transcend =
m
Grandma is
to infection.
well after her operation, although she is still
The dance troupe put on a
3 Write what each word means. Use a dictionary to check your answer.
descend =
us
tra
l ia
obscene
performance at the concert. They wore
costumes that appeared to glow in the spotlights.
Dad contributed many
i l la
A
n Education
objects to our school’s garage sale — but he bought
even more junk home again!
8 Write the list words which have meanings related to light. Use a dictionary if you need help.
4 Use a word containing sce or sci and alliteration to invent a product name.
Erin’s effervescent energy drink
Answer. c
66
Choose one of these words and use it in a sentence.
Letter patterns sce, sci
Letter patterns sce, sci
67
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
queued
asphalt
rhythm
sleuth
naively
The anomalies in the rock pool waved their tentacles.
We queried for an hour to enter the stadium.
Keep quiet and don’t be such a nuance!
For review purposes only
2 Break the word into its base word and suffix.
eclipse
impromptu
labyrinth
The new puppy caused
skiing =
+
queued =
+
ac
©M
Write list words.
8 Find one word or phrase in each sentence for which a list word is a synonym. Circle the word or
phrase you have chosen and write the synonym in the box.
when it got into the groceries.
road.
Dad gave an off-the-cuff speech at his birthday dinner.
being put down on the
Sasha offered to assist at the carnival even though the timing was
inconvenient for her.
of the sun is an amazing natural event.
Rada is going
for the first time this winter.
m
Eclipse – it clips from e to e.
Tip!
Similes describe something by comparing it to something else using like or as.
Her hair was like silk.
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A
n Education
Mnemonics are tricks to help you remember something more easily.
Tip!
This competition is only open to armatures.
The basement was a maze of storerooms and passageways.
They discovered the pungent smell was caused by new
An
.
7 Circle the word that doesn’t make sense in each sentence. Write the correct word in the box.
4
nuisance
as they ate through the paddock.
6 Write your own rhyming sentence using a list word.
3
rhyme
The locusts caused
.
ial
anemone
The crowd had a festive mood, as we waited and patiently
We planned a simple barbecue; the party was quite
Co
awkward
.
er
havoc
found the thief in a booth.
The poet gave up crime to search for the perfect
syllables. Underline the stressed syllable in each word.
2
amateur
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
The intrepid
1 Sort the list words according to the number of
1
skiing
3
5 Write a list word so that the first and last part of each sentence rhymes.
a. a country near Kazakhstan
b. the conjunction or opposition of two heavenly bodies
c. the noise sausages make when you throw them on a barbecue
us
tra
l ia
32
Syzygy is
p
Unit
4 Choose three list words you find difficult, then make up a mnemonic for each.
Metaphors describe something by saying it is something else.
Her hair was black silk.
9 Write a simile and a metaphor using the word rhythm.
simile:
metaphor:
Answer. b
68
Odd-looking words
Odd-looking words
69
Unit
33
An angklung is
4 Use list words to complete the puzzle.
a. a very long rowboat
b. an Indonesian musical instrument
c. an angle on the long side of a rectangle
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
1
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
1
2
4
3
Write the list words that have silent letters.
5
trek
snorkel
7
mammoth
gruesome
cologne
abseil
souvenir
gourmet
silhouette
entrepreneur
trek (noun):
12
13
trek (verb):
snorkel (noun):
m
14
Across
Down
2. wild and frenzied
1. to descend using a rope
5. perfume
3. an outline
6. long and difficult journey
4. a distinguished musician
7. tube for breathing underwater
8. horrific
8. of excellent taste
9. a travelling fair or sports meet
For review purposes only
snorkel (verb):
ac
©M
Scotland
10
11
2 Write a sentence for each meaning of these words.
3 Use a dictionary to find out where each list word comes from.
Iceland
9
10. gigantic
us
tra
l ia
berserk
I didn’t know he was a spy.
8
ial
maestro
I spy a fly.
p
rampage
Tip!
Co
carnival
Some words can be both nouns and verbs.
er
deluxe
6
11. business person
Russia
12. a holiday keepsake
13. destructive behaviour
14. of superior quality
The Netherlands
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A
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Germany
5 Write list words you might use when talking about these topics.
war
France
Italy
sports
people
your senses
Answer. b
70
Non-English words
Non-English words
71
An astrolabe was a medieval instrument used to measure
34
a. the altitude of the stars and planets
b. how much water stars hold
c. how many labradors there are in space
1
Say Listen Look Understand Remember Practise
asteroid
p
Co
medieval
4 Write the meaning of each idiom.
out of this world
to work like clockwork
par for the course
a dog’s breakfast
terrestrial
in the nick of time
For review purposes only
archaeologist
Write the word that comes from another language.
palaeontology
Renaissance
know it like the back of your hand
5 Write the correct form of a list word to complete each sentence.
ac
©M
Tip!
An idiom is a group of words always used in a fixed expression.
ial
chronology
male adults
Tip!
space:
futuristic
opposite of go
er
galaxy
dimension
list word
to have a break
comet
shuttle
answer
a small dwelling
Sort the list words according to whether they are
related to time or space. Some words may fit both
categories.
astronomy
meteor
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
clue
time:
astronaut
3 Use each clue to find a smaller word within a list word. Write the small word and the list word.
Two of the first
The prefix astro comes from the Greek word for star.
2 Use the definitions to complete the puzzle.
1 A S
T
E
R
2 A S
T
E
R
3 A S
T
R O
4 A S
T
R O
5 A S
T
R O
Takei has had a
already a manager.
A
1. a structure that revolves around the sun
2. *
m
3. a space traveller
to land on the moon were Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin.
us
tra
l ia
Unit
rise in the company. He’s worked there for only a year and is
is someone who studies fossils in order to discover more about extinct plants
and animals. Part of the job is working out the
the evolution of these plants and animals.
A shape like a circle or square is two-
i l la
A
n Education
4. the study of the universe
5. a person who studies the universe
order of events so as to trace
A sphere and a cylinder have three
contain things.
Aliens can also be called
because it only has length and breadth.
because they also have depth and can
creatures. Most movies make such creatures seem
frightening.
Answer. a
72
Etymology: astro; idioms; topic words: space and time
Etymology: astro; idioms; topic words: space and time
73
Unit
The longest real word in the English language is
floccinaucinihilipilification. It means
R e35
6 Each word has been written as it sounds. Rewrite it correctly.
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
a. having hallucinations about sheep
b. climbing hills repeatedly
c. the act of estimating something as worthless
visi0n
1 Write the word for each picture.
converless
daybew
show fur
orkustrah
rithum
canserlation
missalayneeus
backteeriah
Co
ad acent
avera e
passen er
ustice
re oice
fra ile
challen e
pre udice
2 Complete the table by building word families.
noun
wonder
exploded
adjective
adverb
t
logist
rie
fl
rescent
baz
s
ven
f
r
tion
na
4 Some of the consonants have been left out of
these words. Add the missing consonants.
ex
e
enviro
r
fra
ure
ent
bu
et
co
oa
a
lete
eumonia
e
erve
ence
m
gradu
all the words a person knows
to enlarge a sound or image
a false name
a many-sided shape
a destructive tropical storm
74
Revision
p
l
c
cular
t
minate
dist
se
c
tesy
s
reh
seri
parall
chort
sequenti
optic
partic
b
ch
vehic
skelet
The train terminals at the next stop.
Our team was unsuccessful because we trained hard and played well.
At weddings I love throwing graffiti at the bride and groom.
When I had affluence the doctor listened to my chest with a periscope.
i l la
A
n Education
“You’d better have a good exclamation for being late,” said Boris.
At dinner, Doug ate an access of dessert. No wonder his digression was affected!
Answer. c
a long piece of music played by a large orchestra
able to speak many languages
tual
10 Circle any words in each sentence that do not make sense. Rewrite each sentence so it makes sense.
5 Write a word to match each definition. Each word has a Latin or Greek origin.
someone new and inexperienced
v
For review purposes only
ac
©M
rch
rd
ney
practic
decisively
wkw
manent
9 Add al, el or le.
suspicious
these words. Add the missing vowels.
p
j
desperation
3 Some of the vowels have been left out of
ud ement
us
tra
l ia
past tense
ur ent
8 Add the letters that make the er sound.
ial
verb
er
p
7 Add g or j.
Revision
75
Unit 15
wondrous
disastrous
humorous
hazardous
miraculous
poisonous
mysterious
suspicious
envious
rebellious
ferocious
voracious
precarious
advantageous
spontaneous
Unit 19
satisfaction
definition
repetition
conversation
alteration
continuation
declaration
cancellation
explanation
exclamation
variation
multiplication
application
identification
notification
Unit 22
symphony
phonetic
microphone
cacophony
synonym
antonym
pseudonym
anonymous
sympathy
empathy
telepathy
majesty
majority
magnify
magnificent
Unit 26
sufficient
territory
appropriate
committee
suffocate
graffiti
confetti
colleague
curriculum
suppress
pallor
interrogate
assassin
apparatus
millennium
er
Unit 29
currency
exchange
pound
euro
rupiah
baht
allowance
financial
budget
discount
subsidy
purchase
expenditure
millionaire
treasury
Unit 33
trek
snorkel
mammoth
deluxe
carnival
rampage
maestro
berserk
gruesome
cologne
abseil
souvenir
gourmet
silhouette
entrepreneur
Unit 13
opinion
tuition
rational
occasional
prior
senior
superior
inferior
exterior
posterior
median
alliance
radiant
peculiar
diarrhoea
Unit 16
novel
novelty
novice
innovate
innovation
vocal
vocabulary
advocate
vociferous
invoke
provoke
notice
notify
annotate
reminisce
Unit 20
library
salary
imaginary
secondary
summary
documentary
gallery
grocery
jewellery
forgery
category
exploratory
accusatory
dormitory
laundry
Unit 23
medicine
bacteria
virus
pregnant
fracture
organ
influenza
abdomen
intestine
capsule
appendix
vaccination
immunisation
pneumonia
stethoscope
Unit 27
successful
eccentric
accentuate
according
accompany
accomplish
accommodation
accumulate
occupation
occurrence
occasionally
piccolo
accolade
desiccate
succulent
Unit 31
ascend
descend
transcend
obscene
adolescent
fluorescent
iridescent
effervescent
miscellaneous
susceptible
convalesce
scintillate
conscience
conscientious
resuscitate
Unit 34
asteroid
astronaut
astronomy
comet
galaxy
meteor
shuttle
dimension
futuristic
chronology
medieval
terrestrial
archaeologist
palaeontology
Renaissance
Unit 14
optical
practical
skeletal
serial
gradual
beneficial
sequential
especially
essentially
excel
rebel
parallel
particle
chortle
vehicle
Unit 17
solution
toxic
method
experiment
acid
alkaline
temperature
evaporate
thermometer
theory
equipment
chemical
microscope
hypothesis
laboratory
Unit 21
monopoly
monorail
monotonous
monosyllabic
multiple
multipurpose
multimedia
multicultural
multilingual
polygon
polyphonic
omnivore
omnipresent
omnipotent
omniscient
Unit 25
cyclone
cynical
cyberspace
encyclopedia
legacy
accuracy
literacy
numeracy
privacy
pregnancy
adequacy
delicacy
obstinacy
buoyancy
urgency
Unit 28
comprehension
unchangeable
exploration
delightful
ignorance
invisible
irrational
immobile
immovable
investigation
noticeably
symmetrical
unintentionally
uncritically
reversible
Unit 32
skiing
queued
asphalt
amateur
havoc
awkward
anemone
rhyme
rhythm
sleuth
nuisance
naively
eclipse
impromptu
labyrinth
Unit 8
employee
employer
manager
lawyer
cashier
pioneer
engineer
translator
sculptor
surgeon
scientist
pharmacist
chef
athlete
chauffeur
Unit 2
rejection
detection
exhibition
exhaustion
digestion
distinction
admission
permission
submission
extension
suspension
expansion
evolution
resolution
revolution
Unit 5
government
parliament
cabinet
politician
minister
senator
representatives
governor
premier
opposition
president
election
democracy
monarchy
federal
Unit 9
ability
stability
durability
probability
acceptability
predictability
respectability
changeability
availability
irritability
possibility
visibility
flexibility
responsibility
accessibility
Unit 3
average
advantage
passenger
urgent
fragile
revenge
challenge
pledge
justice
rejoice
junction
prejudice
adjacent
adjustment
judgement
Unit 7
permanent
terminate
persevere
mineral
several
mirth
virtual
forward
ordinary
orchestra
memory
temporary
curse
surplus
disturbance
Unit 10
accent
ascent
future
further
device
devise
cemetery
symmetry
stationery
stationary
bizarre
bazaar
excess
descent
wander
Co
p
Unit 4
flee
pursue
statue
venue
foe
cocoa
mosquito
rodeo
eerie
simile
guarantee
refugee
veranda
debut
alibi
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
ial
Unit 11
environment
rainforest
pollution
greenhouse
climate
recycle
ozone
ecology
irrigation
conservation
deforestation
flora
fauna
sustainable
atmosphere
Unit 1
desperation
cooperation
appreciation
devastation
association
deception
prescription
explosion
decision
erosion
invasion
exclusion
collision
persuasion
dissuasion
For review purposes only
ac
©M
76
words in unit order
m
us
tra
l ia
List
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A
n Education
77
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
23
29
10
14
33
Unit 10
Unit 29
Unit 25
cabinet
cacophony
cancellation
capsule
carnival
cashier
category
cemetery
challenge
changeability
chauffeur
chef
chemical
chortle
chronology
climate
cocoa
colleague
collision
cologne
comet
committee
comprehension
confetti
conscience
conscientious
conservation
continuation
convalesce
conversation
cooperation
currency
curriculum
curse
cyberspace
cyclone
cynical
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
debut
deception
decision
declaration
definition
deforestation
delicacy
delightful
deluxe
democracy
descend
descent
desiccate
desperation
detection
devastation
device
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
5
22
19
23
33
8
20
10
3
9
8
8
17
14
34
11
4
26
1
33
34
26
28
26
31
31
11
19
31
19
1
29
26
7
25
25
25
devise
diarrhoea
digestion
dimension
disastrous
discount
dissuasion
distinction
disturbance
documentary
dormitory
durability
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
10
13
2
34
15
29
1
2
7
20
20
9
eccentric
eclipse
ecology
eerie
effervescent
election
empathy
employee
employer
encyclopedia
engineer
entrepreneur
envious
environment
equipment
erosion
especially
essentially
euro
evaporate
evolution
excel
excess
exchange
exclamation
exclusion
exhaustion
exhibition
expansion
expenditure
experiment
explanation
exploration
exploratory
explosion
extension
exterior
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
27
32
11
4
31
5
22
8
8
25
8
33
15
11
17
1
14
14
29
17
2
14
10
29
19
1
2
2
2
29
17
19
28
20
1
2
13
4
1
1
19
19
11
25
28
33
5
31
10
27
1
2
1
10
fauna
federal
ferocious
financial
flee
flexibility
flora
fluorescent
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
11
5
15
29
4
9
11
31
foe
forgery
forward
fracture
fragile
further
future
futuristic
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
4
20
7
23
3
10
10
34
galaxy
gallery
gourmet
government
governor
gradual
graffiti
greenhouse
grocery
gruesome
guarantee
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
34
20
33
5
5
14
26
11
20
33
4
havoc
hazardous
humorous
hypothesis
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
32
15
15
17
identification
ignorance
imaginary
immobile
immovable
immunisation
impromptu
inferior
influenza
innovate
innovation
interrogate
intestine
invasion
investigation
invisible
invoke
iridescent
irrational
irrigation
irritability
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
19
28
20
28
28
23
32
13
23
16
16
26
23
1
28
28
16
31
28
11
9
jewellery
judgement
junction
justice
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
20
3
3
3
laboratory
labyrinth
laundry
lawyer
legacy
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
17
32
20
8
25
library
literacy
Unit 20
Unit 25
maestro
magnificent
magnify
majesty
majority
mammoth
manager
median
medicine
medieval
memory
meteor
method
microphone
microscope
millennium
millionaire
mineral
minister
miraculous
mirth
miscellaneous
monarchy
monopoly
monorail
monosyllabic
monotonous
mosquito
multicultural
multilingual
multimedia
multiple
multiplication
multipurpose
mysterious
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
33
22
22
22
22
33
8
13
23
34
7
34
17
22
17
26
29
7
5
15
7
31
5
21
21
21
21
4
21
21
21
21
19
21
15
naively
notice
noticeably
notification
notify
novel
novelty
novice
nuisance
numeracy
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
32
16
28
19
16
16
16
16
32
25
obscene
obstinacy
occasional
occasionally
occupation
occurrence
omnipotent
omnipresent
omniscient
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
31
25
13
27
27
27
21
21
21
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
omnivore
opinion
opposition
optical
orchestra
ordinary
organ
ozone
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
21
13
5
14
7
7
23
11
palaeontology
pallor
parallel
parliament
particle
passenger
peculiar
permanent
permission
persevere persuasion pharmacist phonetic piccolo pioneer pledge pneumonia
poisonous
politician
pollution polygon
polyphonic
possibility posterior pound
practical
precarious predictability
pregnancy
pregnant
prejudice
premier
prescription
president
prior
privacy
probability
provoke
pseudonym
purchase
pursue
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
34
26
14
5
14
3
13
7
2
7
1
8
22
27
8
3
23
15
5
11
21
21
9
13
29
14
15
9
25
23
3
5
1
5
13
25
9
16
22
29
4
queued
Unit 32
radiant
rainforest
rampage
rational
rebel
rebellious
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
For review purposes only
m
recycle
refugee
rejection
rejoice
reminisce
Renaissance
repetition
representatives
resolution
respectability
responsibility
resuscitate
revenge
reversible
revolution
rhyme
rhythm
rodeo
rupiah
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
11
4
2
3
16
34
19
5
2
9
9
31
3
28
2
32
32
4
29
salary
satisfaction
scientist
scintillate
sculptor
secondary
senator
senior
sequential
serial
several
shuttle
silhouette
simile
skeletal
skiing
sleuth
snorkel
solution
souvenir
spontaneous
stability
stationary
stationery
statue
stethoscope
submission
subsidy
successful
succulent
sufficient
suffocate
summary
superior
suppress
surgeon
surplus
susceptible
suspension
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
20
19
8
31
8
20
5
13
14
14
7
34
33
4
14
32
32
33
17
33
15
9
10
10
4
23
2
29
27
27
26
26
20
13
26
8
7
31
2
us
tra
l ia
bacteria
baht
bazaar
beneficial
berserk
bizarre
budget
buoyancy
p
23
9
33
10
27
9
9
27
27
27
27
27
27
25
20
17
25
3
3
2
31
3
15
16
4
17
13
29
19
32
32
16
22
22
26
23
19
1
26
34
31
10
32
26
1
34
34
34
8
11
9
3
32
ial
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
er
abdomen
ability
abseil
accent
accentuate
acceptability
accessibility
accolade
accommodation
accompany
accomplish
according
accumulate
accuracy
accusatory
acid
adequacy
adjacent
adjustment
admission
adolescent
advantage
advantageous
advocate
alibi
alkaline
alliance
allowance
alteration
amateur
anemone
annotate
anonymous
antonym
apparatus
appendix
application
appreciation
appropriate
archaeologist
ascend
ascent
asphalt
assassin
association
asteroid
astronaut
astronomy
athlete
atmosphere
availability
average
awkward
ac
©M
78
words in alphabetical order
Co
List
i l la
A
n Education
13
11
33
13
14
15
suspicious
sustainable
symmetrical
symmetry
sympathy
symphony
synonym
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
15
11
28
10
22
22
22
telepathy
temperature
temporary
terminate
terrestrial
territory
theory
thermometer
toxic
transcend
translator
treasury
trek
tuition
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
22
17
7
7
34
26
17
17
17
31
8
29
33
13
unchangeable
uncritically
unintentionally
urgency
urgent
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
28
28
28
25
3
vaccination
variation
vehicle
venue
veranda
virtual
virus
visibility
vocabulary
vocal
vociferous
voracious
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
Unit
23
19
14
4
4
7
23
9
16
16
16
15
wander
wondrous
Unit 10
Unit 15
79
Spelling Rules
and
tips
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
Adding ion
If a verb ends in ibe, drop the e and change the b to pt before adding ion.
describe
description
If a verb ends in eive, drop the silent e and change iv to pt before adding ion.
receive
reception
If a word ends in t, change t to ss before adding ion.
p
admit
admission
If a word ends in nd, change d to s before adding ion.
extension
extend
If a word ends in lve, change ve to ut before adding ion.
solve
ial
Co
er
solution
If a word ends in y, change the y to i and add cation.
multiplication
multiply
Some exceptions: vary
variation
satisfy
satisfaction
Adding al
For review purposes only
If a noun ends in ce, change the ce to ti before adding al to make the adjective.
confidential
confidence
Exceptions: office
official
practice
practical
Adding ity
Words ending in ible and able are adjectives.
c
Ma
Adding ity changes the adjective to a noun.
probable
probability
visible
Homographs
m
visibility
us
tra
l
These words may also add ity as a second suffix.
A word that is spelt the same as another but has a different meaning is called
i l la
A
n Education
a homograph.
80
bear = a big furry mammal
bear = to endure or to carry
G
Spelling Rules!
About
kinaesthetic knowledge
phonological knowledge
visual knowledge
morphemic knowledge
etymological knowledge.
the
authors
Helen Pearson and Janelle Ho combine many years of teaching experience
with strong backgrounds in linguistics, pedagogical theory and assessment.
Helen teaches as a literacy specialist and is also involved in developing
assessment resources to support learning. Janelle works as the Senior
Assessment Officer for Literacy at Educational Assessment Australia.
Both Helen and Janelle have been involved in establishing the International
Competitions and Assessments for Schools – Spelling.
g
n
o
s
r
a
e
P
n
e
l
He
ial
Co
l
l
l
l
l
er
p
is a whole-school spelling program based on sound learning theory
and pedagogy. It is different to other workbook series because it teaches students strategies that move
spelling from working memory into long-term memory—making spelling stick!
Book
SPELLING RULES!
t
m
h
g
a
i
r
t
y
The whole-school program
that makes spelling stick!
D e v e l o p s:
Student
9781420203899
9781420203905 9781420203912
9781420203929
9781420203936
9781420203943
9781420261318
9781420261325
9781420261349
9781420261356
9781420261363
No book at
this level
c
Ma
A l s o
9781420261332
A l s o
a v a i l ab l e
Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book Ages 5–8
Spelling Rules! Teacher Resource Book Ages 8–12+
m
9781420204285
9781420204292
us
tra
l ia
Companion Series
9781420203882
H e le n P e arso n a n d J anelle H o
For review purposes only
a v a i l ab l e
Spelling Rules! teacher support on CD
l
workbook in IWB-friendly
format
l IWB teaching tips for every unit
l differentiated word lists and
answers in editable format.
Packed with:
l practical background information about spelling development
l teaching tips for each unit
l extra word lists
l guidelines for assessing spelling and diagnosing spelling error
l support for struggling spellers and extension for more able spellers.
i l la
A
n Education
TEXTS
9781420276756
Supports the Australian Curriculum English
Student Book
Australian
Curriculum Level
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
F
1
2
3
4
5
6
D
4
E
5
F
6
G
7
Supports the New Zealand English Curriculum
Student Book
NZ Level
A
1
B
2
C
3
TEXTS
TEXTS
and
Janelle
Ho