Developing dry ports for the port
of Gothenburg
The Case of the Falköping
Violeta Roso
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Dryport Conference, Edinburgh, 21st-22nd of October 2010
Background
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Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Background
 Hanappe (1986) - The first mention of dry
port, in the context of intermodal transport in
scientific journals. Hanappe relates to dry ports
as multifunctional logistics centers with a
variety of firms operating at the same site – it
corresponds to concept of freight villages
 It took almost 20 years to revive the interest
for the subject among researchers
 Beresford and Dubey (1990), in their survey of
dry ports in Africa, define dry port as an Inland
Clearance Depot
Dryport Conference
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Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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The dry port concept
“A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly
connected to a seaport by rail, where customers can
leave and/or collect their standardised units as if
directly to the seaport”
a)
b)
1
1
2
2
3
3
4i
5
i
1
-
4i
1
i
Shippers
Seaport
Road
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City
5
i
Dry port
-
i
Shippers
Seaport
Road
Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
Rail
City
4
The dry port concept




Intermodal terminal
Situated inland
Rail connection to a seaport
Offers service that are available at seaports
(customs clearance, maintenance of
containers, storage, forwarding, etc.)
Dryport Conference
Edinburgh, 2010-1022
Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Benefits from a dry port









Increases seaport capacity
Increases seaport productivity
Reduces congestion at seaports
Reduces congestion in seaport cities
Reduces risk for road accidents
Reduces road maintenance cost
Lowers environmental impact
May serve as a depot
Improves seaport’s access to areas outside its
traditional hinterland
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Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Benefits for the actors of the system
Distant
Midrange
Close
Seaports
+Less congestion
+Expanded hinterland
+Interface with hinterland
+Less congestion
+Dedicated trains
+Depot
+Interface with hinterland
+Less congestion
+Increased capacity
+Depot
+Direct loading ship-train
Seaport cities
+Less road congestion
+Land use opportunities
+Less road congestion
+Land use opportunities
+Less road congestion
+Land use opportunities
Shipping lines and
forwarders
+Improved service
+Improved service
+Improved service
Rail and intermodal
operators
+Economies of scale
+Gain market share
+Day trains
+Gain market share
+Day trains
+Gain market share
Road operators
+Less time in congested
roads and terminals
+Less time in congested
roads and terminals
+Less time in congested
roads and terminals
+Avoiding environmental
zones
Shippers
+Improved seaport access
+“Environment marketing”
+Improved seaport access
+Improved seaport access
Society
+Modal shift
+Less infrastructure
+Lower environmental
impact
+Job opportunities
+Modal shift
+Less infrastructure
+Lower environmental
impact
+Job opportunities
+Lower environmental
impact
+Job opportunities
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Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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The Dry Port Concept
Origin
Sea transport
Port
interface
Inland transport
Inland
terminal
interface
To door delivery
Destinati
on
Origin-destination
route with a
conventional inland
terminal as a part
of the network
Transport network
Dry port concept
interface
Origin
Sea transport
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Port
Inland transport
Dry port
To door delivery
Destinati
on
Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
Origin-destination
route with a dry
port as a part of
the network
8
Environmental evaluation
Scenario –
with the dry port
Reference situation without the dry port
a)
1
b)
2
1
2
3
3
4
4
7
5
7
5
6
6
8
8
i
18
19
1
-
i
1
19
Shippers
Seaport
18
19
Road
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City
Dry port
-
19
Shippers
Seaport
Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
Road
Rail
City
9
Results of the simulation
regarding queues at the terminals
a)
b)
Without DP: 23 trucks – 85min average waiting time
With DP: 5 trucks – 13min average waiting time
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Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Results of the simulation
regarding CO2 emission
Simulation for 35 trucks:
 The calculated CO2 emissions are
approximately 25% lower in the model with
the dry port
 Road-kilometres reduced: approximately
2000 road-km a day
Dryport Conference
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Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Gothenburg)
Port of Gothenburg
rail shuttle system





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The
of Gothenburg
rail shuttle
thePort
largest
container seaport
in
system
as of May
2009. (Source:
Port of
Scandinavia,
handling
more than
840000 TEUs
a year
Gothenburg,
2009).
about 40% of all containers is
transported by rail to inland
destinations
the port works on increase of its
container rail volumes
today there are 24 rail shuttles
for different destinations that run
daily services from/to the port
the port does not own, operate or
finance those shuttles or
terminals
Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Swedish inland terminals
 From small loading/unloading platforms,
handling no more than 2000 TEU/year,
to large freight centres offering a wide
range of transport related services
 Most of Swedish inland terminals are
owned jointly by a municipality and
commercial actors within the transport
system, such as rail operator or shipper.
Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
13
Falköping terminal
•
•
•
•
124 km direct rail
distance to the port of
Göteborg
4 shuttles a week in 2008
offers services such as:
transshipment, storage,
distribution and limited
maintenance of
containers
handled 11 000 TEU in
2008
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Falköping
Göteborg
Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Falköping terminal
From the idea to the implementation
•
•
•
•
In early 2000 came a proposal from the municipality for
implementation of an intermodal terminal in the area
due to existing volumes already being transported to the
port by trucks
The very first problem was a suitable location for the
terminal and the competition with the neighboring
municipality
At the end of 2006, when Swedish biggest forest
products company, StoraEnso, showed interest in
establishing a terminal in the area, that tangible work on
building the terminal started
In 2007 the location was chosen and the terminal built
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Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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SWOT analysis
Strengths

Lower environmental impact

Suitable location

Infrastructure is in place

Direct rail link to the port

Fast service

Operator/owner is very determined

Creates new jobs in the area

Short distance to the port
Weaknesses

Insufficient marketing

Lack of awareness about new
customers

Coordination between the actors

Dependence on the sole port traffic

Short distance to the port
Opportunities

Increasing interest in intermodality

Potential volume growth

Higher shuttle frequency

New customers in existing market

New markets

New services for new markets

New services for the port
Threats

Overall economic crisis

Port of Göteborg facing ownership
issues

Another terminal in the vicinity
Dryport Conference
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Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Conclusion
Although implementation of a dry port into a seaport’s
hinterland could bring numerous benefits for the actors
involved, the same depends on existing infrastructure,
institutional systems, regulations, actors relations and
customers attitude.
The lack of cooperation between the actors of the system
resulted in temporary closing down of rail container
transport between the terminal and the seaport.
It is rather evident that the strengths and opportunities are
very strong and numerous while weaknesses are
relatively easy to overcome. The main strength is
environmental benefit coming from dry port
implementation resulting from use of electrically
powered rail instead of only trucks, as well as regional
development due to improved logistics services.
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Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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Thank you for your attention!
Violeta Roso, PhD
Chalmers University of Technology
[email protected]
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Violeta Roso, Division of Logistics and
Transportation, Chalmers, Sweden
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