1999
onIberian
European Shag
The
status
of
the
97
peninsula
European
Shag
*population
aristotelis
Phalacrocorax
on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian
peninsula
Kuifaalscholvers aan de Atlantische kust
het
Iberisch
2
Alberto Velando1,
Franciso Docampo
1
de Ecoloxia
Departamento
van
Schiereiland
3,
David Alvarez
&
Bioloxia Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36200
e
2
Sociedade
[email protected];
e-mail:
Vigo, Spain,
Natural, Apdo 330, 15780 Santiago de Compostela.
Unidad de Zoologia,
A
is
Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo,
regional analysis of the
aristotelis
the
be
first
census
approximately
are
2239
made
pairs
presented, indicating
pairs
in
in
pairs
the
There
where
breeding pairs
of the
on
southern
crocorax
Seabirds
The
has
have
colonies
The
first
increased
at
since
1983.
annual
counts
for
66%
has
On the
F.
& Alvarez
population
on
D.
1999.
and
The
Ons
total
but there
since the
status of the
of the
and
since
Islands
The
and Cantabria
reaching
Galicia
first
199-250
(Rías
of
count
The
Baixas,
1462
population.
were
As
no census
60
count in
pairs
Peninsula.
in
1939.
European Shag
Iberian
36-41
98-124
1976.
has been
there
This
estimated to
1986 with
from
of Berlenga
coast
[Stictocarbo]
1994
Atlantic Iberian
stabilised,
little
in
of 6%,
annually.
island
the Atlantic
dates
rate
ofthe
Euskadi
Euskadi
made in
Cíes
8-9%
at
in
Spain.
presented.
population was
from
counts
pairs
in Asturias
the
on
increasing
first
an
of partial
stabilised
The total
57-67
census
Peninsula is
Iberian
ofpairs having changed very
Docampo
aristotelis
1(3):
1990-94.
records
was
of the
of this population.
in
Phalacrocorax
European Shag
population in Portugal
the number
Velando A.,
the
coasts
Cíes and Ons accounts
is known, the
1990-94,
are
it
of
population of
1992.
to
appears
Pontevedra),
a
population
1997.
population
as
in
Cantabria
and
pairs,
far
to he
status
the Atlantic
population on
de Historia
Galega
Spain; 'Dep. B.O.S.,
Phala-
Atlantic
97-106.
INTRODUCTION
The
European Shag
the
western
Morocco
Phalacrocorax aristotelis
Palearctic,
(Cramp
and
& Simmons
subspecies, (P.a. aristotelis)
located
on
subspecies
at.
it
the Atlantic
from
the
1977).
There
are
is the
coasts
has
breeds
most
a
distribution that is limited
North
three
Cape
the
to
subspecies:
coasts
to
of
the Atlantic
abundant and its southernmost limit is
of the Iberian Peninsula. The
population
has been well documented for the British Isles (Evans
1991; Andrews & Carter 1993; Thompson
et
al. 1998, 1999),
of this
1984; Lloyd
Norway
et
VELANDO
98
Table
1.
European Shag population
in
breeding location
1.
in
1994
zijn terug te vinden in Fig.
aantallen broedparen
#
in
2
and
1994.
1990-94. Kolonie
Weergegeven zijn het aantal kolonies
1.
1990 en
nummers
C. Ogono
1
14-17
20
1
6-8
8-10
3
18-25
21-27
1
1-3
6
Barrika
Total
7
European Shag population
number
of breeding
in
location
Fig.
breeding location and number ofnests
Populatie Kuifaalscholvers
zijn
terug
vinden
te
in
in
1.
Shown
1992.
in
1992.
are
2-4
57-67
Site number
number
1992.
Cantabria. Spanje.
1.
Fig.
1994
40-55
Cantabria, Spain,
in
e
1994.
1-2
Bakio-Bi llano
(#)
1994 end
in
1990
5
to
each
in
1
4
Tabel 2.
1990
in
Euskadi, Spanje,
(#) refers
number of colonies
colonies
1. Akez
2.
are
1(3)
Planxia
3
Table
Shown
number ofnests
in
location
1
1.
Fig.
in
and
Populatie Kuifaalscholvers
1990-94. Site number
Euskadi, Spain,
number of breeding location
Tabel
Atlantic Seabirds
ETA!,
of
(#) refers
colonies
Kolonie
in
nummers
het aantal kolonies
Weergegeven zijn
to
each
en
(#)
de
aantallen broedparen.
#
location
colonies
nests
6
M.
Candina
1
6-7
7
M.
Buciero
1
5-6
8
C. Quintres
1
7-8
9
1. Mouro
1
1
1
5-7
10
1.
Portio
11
1,
Conejera
12
I.
Samosa-Desesperada
Total
(Barrett & Schei
&
Monnat
al.
1984) based
coasts
(Barcena
information
on
Peninsula (de
This
paper
colonies
on
9
3
8
36-41
1977; Barrett & Vader 1984; R0v
Maout
1980;
however, there is
1
2
an
on
et
the
Cadiou
1990;
estimate of the overall
counts
al.
taken
1987; Teixeira
Juana 1984; Ferrer
describes
the
the Atlantic
recent
coast
1984).
on
This
subspecies
et
al.
On
the
and
Iberian
for 1981
Galician and
contrasts
(P.a.
et
al.
(Barcena
on
by region.
el
Portuguese
wealth of
the Iberian
1986; Guyot
distribution of
of the Iberian Peninsula
Peninsula,
with the
desmarestii)
1984; Capella
status
the
population only
exclusively
Mediterranean
1990) and France (Guermeur
1996).
European
1993).
Shag
European Shag on Iberian peninsula
99
Figure
1. Positions
of the
of the Atlantic
and pairs
Figuur
1.
at
Ligging
main
coast
breeding
de
van
are
given
voornaamste
van
ofthe European Shag in each region
of the Iberian Peninsula.
each location
Atlantische kust
locations
99
Details
of the
number of colonies
Tables 1-5.
in
broedkolonies
Spanje en Portugal.
Zie
van
Kuifaalscholvers
verder tabel
langs
de
1-5.
METHODS
From
those
1990
on
to
the
1997, breeding pairs
south-east
1983. For each
colony
coast
of
were
counted in all coastal colonies except
Portugal,
which
the number of well-built
has
not
nests was
been
scored
censused
as
since
the number
100
VELANDO
of pairs. For each
for
an
some,
census
located but where adults
locations
breeding
censused
N,
=
N
is the
0
more
e",
we
estimate of
for
were
nests
size
population
growth
rate
is the per
r
expressed
was
growth
the outset,
at
t
not
were
rate
actually
into
grouped
were
locations
breeding
annual
mean
size after time I, and
Annual
In
that
colonies
Nearby
purposes.
the
times,
sites
nest
or
to enter.
seen
descriptive
than three
population
population.
of
pairs counted, and
present the minimum number
probable
where N0 is the
Atlantic Seabirds 1(3)
ETAL.
that
were
estimated by
was
is the time in years,
capita growth
rate
N,
of the
100.
as r x
RESULTS
The location of the
shown in
The total
European shag
of the
between
the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula
identified
at
40
estimated
was
1994). Details of
to
be
2320-2372
in each
censuses
are
locations.
breeding
region
are
below.
colonies is
dates from
3.
on
was
Iberian Peninsula
1992 and
Euskadi and Cantabria
Table
colonies
A total of 87 colonies
population
pairs (counts
presented
I.
Fig.
from the
Most of the
-
Cantabrian
1990 (40-55
pairs),
and in
in
European Shag population
number of
breeding
location
Asturias, Spain,
in
1.
Fig.
in
number of colonies
=
-
first
Iberian Peninsula
on
census
1976-94. Site
Shown
are
pairs
colonies during the
number (#) refers
year
in
each breeding location
census
year
was
Euskadi
were recor-
number of colonies
unoccupied colonies during the
in
breeding
undertaken in
1994 between 57 and 67
made. Shown
unoccupied
1994;
The
breeding location
are
data
recent
coast.
made) and number
in
to
each
census
was
1994 (
=
-
of nests
in
1986-97.
in
Tabel 3. Populatie Kuifaalscholvers
zijn terug te
vinden in
aantallen broedparen
#
13
14
location
Fig.
in
1.
Asturias, Spanje,
1986-97
colonies
Franca-S. Emeterio
3-6
Ribesella-Vidiagu
5
7-21
15
Tazones-Rodiles
2
1-6
16
Campa Torres
1
17
Cabu
1
18
La Deva
19
Porceberas-Ga vieru
8
20
1
(-
1986
2
Penes
1976-94.
Weergegeven zijn het
-
1
-
40-41
=
kolonie
niet
aantal
nummers
in
1994
(#)
en
de
bezet).
1989
1991
3-5
1-2
10-24
16-20
24-29
12-26
1-2
2-4
2-5
1992
1994
1997
-
1-2
1-2
1
4
2-3
6
2
72-78
72-74
68-70
15-17
11-13
6-10
7-10
18-19
41-45
Raposera-Osa
4
9
15-25
17
Gaivoteiro-Caslelo
4
23
32-35
18-21
22
Pantorgas-Talaya
4
14
18
32
98-124
138-174
21-28
153-177
32
157-173
8
10-13
59-65
21
Total
Kolonie
kolonies
13
67-87
48-53
199-250
Table
101
European Shag on Iberian peninsula
101
European Shag population in Galicia, Spain, 1976-94. Site number (#) refers
4.
number
in
breeding location
made) and
Tabel
number
1994
ofnests
zijn terug
vinden
te
aantallen
in
broedparen
in
in
=
-
in
1.
Fig.
Shown
1.
Fig.
in
unoccupied colonies during
Punta
Ansarón- San
25
Coitelo-Tres
26
C. Ortegal
27
P.
Candida
28
C.
Prior-1. Gabeiras
29
I.
30
Corme-Laxe
=
kolonie
31
C.
Vilan
32
P,
Buitra-Muxia
-
year
was
census
Kolonie
4
Ciprian
Martas
1986
1
39
16
38
7
-
4
11
2
54
49
27
-
61
29
8-15
46
15
28
2
20-25
18
17
7
101
88
123
34
I.
35
I. Ons
1
122
193
305
557
36
1. Cies
1
190
292
398
905
1. Noro
2
Total
ded in
colonies
seven
between
the
first
in
improvement
Euskadi is
(Table 2)
in
Asturias
98-124
Ogono
carried
was
-
census
The first
rate
and
in
breeding
breeding
14, Fig.
1),
hosts
Most
The
applied.
be
1).
The difference
attributable
important
most
in 1994. The
pairs
Table
may
only
in 1992, and indicated that 36-41
out
an
in
in Cantabria
census
pairs
to
colony
breeding
were
Orizaola, unpublished data).
in Asturias
count
1997,
each
was
Omitoloxica
199-250
pairs
made in
The
indicated
population
counted, representing
were
fewer
1986, and
d’Asturias).
The
(Table 3).
containing
where
than
population
is
25
The
pairs.
total of
a
has
an
most
been
average
distributed
eight
a
total of 67 well-built
nests
was
recorded in
colonies, the largest of which (La Caladoria)
colonies
areas
1)
estimates
among
important
is located between the Porceberas Islands and the cliffs of Gavieru
area
(no. 19, Fig.
locality
methods
of increase of 6%
colonies
1932
539-555
census
with 20
pairs (Coordinadora
annual
pairs.
Cabo
at
increasing
small
the
second
12
-
(Sociedad Ornitologica Lanius,
and
colonies (G.
eight
-
33
de
1994
6
2
Finisterre
1981
-
1
Malpica
1994 en
20-31
2
(#)
nummers
in
-
1
Sagres-
to
each
in
bezet).
niet
1976
1
3
Sisargas
1976-94.
Galicia, Spanje,
colonies
24
the
Weergegeven zijn het aantal kolonies
do Corvo
Nino
number of colonies
are
1976-94.
1976-94 (-
location
23
33
(
Populatie Kuifaalscholvers
4.
#
location
of breeding
exhibited
irregular
growth;
of Gaivotero-Castelo (no. 21,
fluctuated
over
the years the
Fig.
censuses
numbers
of
1997. This
holds
nests
1) and Ribesella-Vidiagu
were
eight
in
the
(no.
carried out; the colonies
102
Velando
Table
5.
in
European Shag population
number of breeding
breeding location
location
in
1994;
in
1981-94.
Portugal,
Fig.
Colonies
1.
=
Site
number (#)
number
unoccupied colonies
=
-
Atlantic Seabirds 1(3)
etal
during
of
the
refers
colonies
to
each
in
census was
year
made.
Tabel
5.
Populatie Kuifaalscholvers
terug
te
vinden
aantallen
#
in
1.
Fig.
broedparen
1939, 1981-83
in
1981-94. Kolonie
Portugal.
in
het
Weergegeven zijn
location
en
aantal
1990-94
colonies
1939
70
(-
=
(#)
nummers
kolonies
kolonie
in
1994
zijn
en
1990-94
1981-83
37
Berlengas
1
70
50-60
38
Cabo
da Roca
1
5
5
39
Cabo
Espichel
1
5
5
40
SW Coast
4
50
7
130
Total
of
1997;
increased
pairs
12%
by
between
Galicia
made in this
in
Islands.
In
breeding
1994,
was
there
are
Ansarón (no. 24.
Sisargas
Islands
rates
-
19, Fig.
(no.
1)
around 70
at
European
of
77%
population
A
1977).
the
a
Fig.
on
than 15 km
partial
Shag
in
Galicia
population
here
during
There
colonies in this
are
region.
around
The
the
on
(no.
33
but
in
Islands and
numbered 703
eight
on
years
to
only
such
on
as
on
Cabo
130
is
Ortegal (no.
1) with 22 pairs,
with
100
pairs
1462
on
coast
the Isle of
1)
the
breeding pairs
not
two
1) holding approximately
island of Ons
in 1986
pairs.
the Cies Islands and 8%
largest colony
is
On the Galician
(no. 28, Fig.
Fig.
The
breeding pairs.
located
4).
west
the Cies and Ons
on
is
census
539-555
1) with 60pairs, Cabo Vilän (no. 31, Fig.
the last
of increase of 9%
at
is extensive,
colonies,
Gabeiras Islands
taken
census
total of 1932-1939
average-sized
the Cies
apart)
colonies and
estimated
was
I) which has 30 pairs, Los Aguillons
pairs,
34
Iberian Peninsula. The first
major changes, except
recorded
(no. 29, Fig.
and has doubled
60
Bermejo
census
population
located less
Portugal
&
with
important region
when the
and the colonies of Fisterra
The
annual
1976,
with around 40
1)
pairs.
in
substantial number of
a
of 11% between
1991, stabilising
Cies Islands and the island of Ons, Table
26, Fig.
pairs,
our
most
indicate any
not
distributed;
(the
1986 and
of the Atlantic
distribution of the
uniformly
colonies
did
the
currently
population
region
1981
annual increase
1991 and 1997.
pairs (Rodriguez-Silvar
coast
between
annually
Galicia is
-
an
and the colonies located in Porceberas-Gavieru
86% of the total
50
showed
Pantorgas-Talaya (no. 22, Fig. 1)
1986 and
de
bezet).
niet
(two
(Callejo
et
colonies
al.
1986),
This indicates average
on
the island of Ons.
distributed among scattered
the
Berlengas
pairs (Table 5, Teixeira & Granadeiro, unpublished
data).
Islands with 50-
This
colony
European Shag
103
Table
6.
Growth
of
on
Iberian
peninsula
European Shag population
the
1981-1994. The 1981-83 data
are
from
numbers
data from this study. Site
in
(#) refer
Atlantic Iberian Peninsula.
the
Barcena
103
and the
al. (1984)
et
1990-1994
1.
Fig.
Tabel 6. Groei
recente
vinden
#
de populatie
van
De
Portugal.
komen
gegevens
in
Fig.
Kuifaalscholvers langs
1981-83
over
gegevens
de Atlantische kust
zijn ontleend
aan
de huidige studie. Kolonie
uit
Barcena
nummers
Spanje en
van
al.
et
1984, de
(#) zijn terug
breeding
1981-83
area
1990-94
Cantabrian
24-28
Rias Alias
220
149
29-33
Costa
200
255
500
1474
da
90
coast
Morte
34-36
Rias Baixas
37-40
Portugal
be
to
assumed not to have
was
well-established,
estimated the
the south-west
coast
with
population
have
not
from
1983
2239
table
(see
5).
since 1939 when
major changes
no
be
to
changed
70
approximately
1
no
1140
Total
(1952)
251
130
Portugal population
appears
te
1.
1-23
the S\V
in
numbers of breeding locations
to
pairs.
The
Lockley
colonies
on
been counted since 1983.
DISCUSSION
We estimated that the
Iberian Peninsula
of
population
was
2239
increase since the 1981-83
European Shags
in 1990-94
pairs
census
(Barcena
attributable to several different
causes.
data from the entire Cantabrian
coast
are
et
at.
account
it
Firstly,
more
It also reflects
in
(Teixeira
a
real increase in
colonies
Islands.
presently
Shag
at
in
et
some
of the
Asturias
appear
Barcena
in this
are
100%
a
increase that may be
be noted that the
must
not
exact
census
1981-83
counts
al.
to
and
breeding localities, especially
breeding
Galicia.
for
them the
its southernmost limit.
colonies
exceptions
66% of the
most
being
Atlantic
as
Thus, the
have stabilised since the
1987),
but
could reflect the
made in Asturias in 1986
Here, there has been large
account
Peninsula, rendering
census
an
Galician
counts
the
of
subspecies
important breeding grounds
growth
in
the
of the
to
and
1981-83
population
population
coast.
found
was
if
already
than those estimated in 1983 for the entire Cantabrian
populations
1984;
and Ons
islands
pairs
several
Portuguese
Cies
available from
now
is taken of the fact that the first
revealed
occur
information
This represents
1984),
and the Rias Alias
estimates. The increase in the number of pairs
more accurate
the Atlantic Coast of the
on
(Table 6).
of the
and the
Iberian
European
Velando
104
The Ci'es and Ons Islands
between 8
between
increase
1986
and
1992
1753
to
exhibited
populations
maximum
a
(Velando
the
on
Cies
This
1997).
of 9%
(Sw'ann
between
al.
el
1974 and
rising
the
1900
to
until
sites
1994);
the Farne
on
the
&
receive
Service
special
human
de
the Asturian
growth
may
breeding colonies,
The
and
these,
only
Ons with 557
than
15 km
European
the
Isle of
Lloyd’s
having
with
and
(1984) criteria,
and
of Ons
areas
eggs
has
and chicks
reduction in
a
also
had
a
for
human
more
in the
1890 and
population
on
1965, population
the reduction of disturbance in the
exploitation (Potts 1969).
Shag
1),
The cessation of
species.
the
on
Atlantic
of the
coast
with 87 colonies scattered all
pairs,
along
11% have between 20 and 60
than 500
the island of
pairs, namely
pairs.
These
2% of the
which
islands,
of the
the island of Foula, Shetland Islands (2400
pairs),
(1776 pairs), Lambay Island,
pairs),
Lille
the
Kamoy,
species
they
must
designation
world
are
population
Scotland
of this
resulted in the
Spanish
European
approximately
May (1524
colonies
been
between
protection,
colonies contain
Norway (2100 pairs),
largest
habitat
Islands
and the Cies Islands with 905
west
of
taking
Autonomous
island
protected
the increase
to
87% have few'er than 20
Shag. Along
Islands,
pairs),
Farne
apart, hold
the Shiant
of
there has
quite dispersed (Fig.
two
pairs
nest
from boats and the enforcement of this ban in the
distribution of the
Of
of 15%
the fact that
to
the
by
the
on
in the conservation of this
to
rate
number of
related
managed
the
as
and the cessation of human
Iberian Peninsula is
coast.
and
ceased,
pairs
Scotland,
1980, and since the establishment
been
such
England,
representing
growth
in the
1992 may be
establishment
practices,
On the
coast.
have
increase
east
in 1987,
pairs
w'as
increasing
of 10
count
May,
maximum
a
population
count
1890
of
rate
annually
north-east
Islands,
1916
to
15%
the
to
nest
the Isle of
on
of
Scotland, there
west
original
The
also have contributed
also related
was
The
hunting
on
helped greatly
practices
similar
Seabird colonies
Galicia).
have
consumption
1980s has
the
1918
1992).
1984
protection.
disturbance. A ban
less
and
Natural Park in
a
in
notable effect. Traditional
pairs,
in
pair
Wanless
declared
were
Wildlife
Government (Xunta
the
1
1969);
the Cies Islands between 1986 and
on
these
(Potts
of increase of 11% and
rate
(Aebischer
these islands
of
1969
increased from
annual
1973
in
pairs
population
average
is
1984, the
11% annual increase has been recorded, the
an
yearly growth
a
Islands
elsewhere. On the island of Canna,
reported
from 856
with
9%,
annual increase
an
an
and
Atlantic Seabirds 1(3)
etal.
Norw'ay
(Rov
be
Farne
(2400
1990; Lloyd
accorded
of this
Islands
area
as
(1248
al.
Important
(1597
pairs), Runde,
pairs), they
el
international
an
Ireland
are
among
1991). Applying
importance,
Bird Area
this
by
the
authorities.
European
Acknowledgements
We thank
S.G.H.N.,
David
Granadeiro, G. Orizaola,
Tain, Augustin Alcalde,
G.
Artiguez,
G.
Gorospe,
Juan
A.
Ignacio,
Vigil
Carlos
and A.
Caramelo,
Callejo
for
A.
Teixeira.
allowing
J.P.
us access
to
105
European Shag on Iberian peninsula
105
data for different
comments
on
regions.
the
We
also wish
to thank
J. Freire,
J.E.
and
Oitega-Ruano
Jeff Graves for
manuscript.
Samenvatting
!n
dit
artikel
wordt
tellingen
Eilanden
voor
onderzocht,
staan
1990
tussen
de
gekomen
en
lijkt
Galicia
kust
broed par en
35
(##
nam
en
de
algemeen lijkt
36.
1997
het bestand
tien kolonies
14 kolonies
werden
Portugese
waarvan
Niet
I).
vijf kolonies
van
312 paren in
gestabiliseerdte zijn
een
op
niveau
van
in
meer
ongeveer
98-124
1981,
(36-41 paren).
in
paren
1986
703 in
onderzocht,
tot
1990 tot
in
maar
1986).
de Cles
vijfjaar (1976-94). Op
1976 via 485
1983 niet
hij
Ons
en
recentelijk
paren
1992 onderzocht
de
Cles
werden
40-55
broedparengeteld (vgl.
zuidwest kust werd sinds
opde
genoemde eilanden)
op
van
toe
in
werden alleen
199-250
66%
Stictocarbo
totaal werden
In
alle kolonies
groei (vooral
van
op
Portugal.
en
bekeken, sommige belangrijke om
bet bestand toe
nam
1994. De
de populatie
op
Fig.
periode
Kuifaalscholvers
kolonies
Spanje
van
aangetroffen,
1994. Zeven kolonies in Cantabria
Ons Eilanden
paren in
van
2239
In Euskadia
zijn.
In Asturias werden in
In Galicia
1994
alle
van
gegeven
de Atlantische
langs
het
over
te
57-67 paren in
en
kust
maar
overzicht
een
ari stertel is
1 Phalacrocorax)
1461
tot
Portugal
in
130-150 paren.
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