SEKir
44,
/;;?
4111"1111111'
iitre
'21
;
Prepared By:
CRESSIDA KAREN CHUNG
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OFFICER
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT MALAYSIA
790604-13-5790
1.0 Background:
This program had been organized and sponsored by Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) under Technical Cooperation with the Government of Japan.
This program had been conducted at JICA Yokohama, Japan from 21 August 2011 — 03
September 2011. Total 7 participants had participated in this program; where by 2
participants each from Malaysia, Indonesia, Laos and 1 participant from Thailand. The
objectives of this program are as followings:
To enhance the understandings of water environmental governance within the four
countries through discussion;
Sharing of the information and knowledge provided by WEPA and also feedback
updated information on water environmental governance in each country to WEPA;
iii.
Draft of specific action plan for the improvement of water environmental
management.
2.0 Course Content/ Schedule:
Please kindly refer to the attachment 1.
3.0 Experience & Knowledge Gain:
3.1 Technology for Wastewater Treatment
â This subject could give an overview picture and understand the state of the
wastewater treatment in Japan and management methods of decentralized
wastewater treatment system (septic tanks). Japan government had been
successfully to overcome the domestic waste pollution in their country by
using "Jokasou". "Johkasou" is a Japanese word which means "Wastewater
purification tank". "Johkasou" is on site domestic wastewater treatment
1
system, an alternative to sewage system. "Johkasou" is sewerage system
without long pipes. In Japan, owners of "Johkasou" are individual persons of
the communities, whereby subsidy from the government is available.
"Johkasou" are designed for treating both black water and grey water
discharged from the houses. The contaminants contained in wastewater are
broken down biologically by the catabolism of microorganisms such as
bacteria and metazoan organisms. "Johkasou" are designed to maximize the
purifying function of microorganisms, and have solid-liquid separation fuction,
sludge storage function and disinfection function (Refer to Figure 1 and 2
example of "Johkasou"). The "Johkasou" classified by the treatment capacity
which are as belows:
Small scale "Johkasou": for 5 to 50 NUD, or the average amount of
wastewater less than 10 m3/day.
Medium scale "Johkasou": for 51 to 500 NUD, or the average amount
of wastewater less than 100 m3/day.
iii.
Large scale "Johkasou": for 501 NUD or more, or the average amount
of wastewater more than 100 m3/day.
The "Johkasou" are suitable to install in such areas:
Urban fridge areas where sewage systems cannot reach quickly.
Isolated apartment houses.
Rural area (household "Johkasou").
Demarcation of off-site and on-site areas can be done by cost
comparison.
2
'Corract aerator tark
Deritaog port
Arsostato Slror tank ;.2rnd tbaan)
Anaerobe filter Lana (1st room)
Figure 1: Small-scale "Johkasou"
Inflow
Sedimentation-separation tank (2nd room)
Contact aeration tank (2nd room)
Sedimentation tank
Air pipe
1
Sedimentation-separation tank
(1st room)
Outflow
Contact aeration tank (1st room) Disinfection tank
Outflow pump tank
Figure 2: Medium (Large)-scale "Johkasou"
3
3.2 Local governments role in Water Environmental Management in Japan
â The local government in Japan has initiative, self-esteem and power to
manage the water environment in their prefecture. The effluent standards
were established under the Water Pollution Control Law, for the effluent from
the factories and other commercial facilities having facilities for the discharge
of wastewater into public waters. In accordance with the law, the Minister of
Environment, prefectural government and mayors of the designated cities
request from factories and other commercial facilities and perform on-site
inspections as required, in order to monitor their compliance with the effluent
standards.
â The national or uniform effluent standards define into 27 substances relating
to human health and 15 substances relating to the living environment. But, it
is difficult for the government to achieve the Environment Quality Standards
using uniform standards in water bodies where there are many pollution
producers. In such water bodies, the prefectural government may define
stricter standards ("stringent effluent standards") in addition to the uniform
standards of the national government. Once the stringent effluent standards
are defined, the values apply to the regulations of the Water Pollution Control
Law. Stringent effluent standards are defined according to the local situations
in each of the nation's prefectures. Additionally, an area wide Total Pollutant
Load Control System has been adopted for closed bodies of water such as
bays and inland seas.
4
3.3 The site visit to Lake Biwa (Biwa-ko) Museum
The observation site visit to Lake Biwa Museum on 26 August 2011 was
one the most memorable place in Japan. The Lake Biwa Museum is under
Shiga Prefectural Government and manages by Ministry of Land
Infrastructure and Transport Water Resources Development Public
Corporation.
>. This freshwater natural lake is not only Japan's largest, it is also
considered to be one of this planet's oldest. Lake Biwa, or Biwa-ko, is
believed to be about four to five million years old. It is also believed to
have been the result of the massive earthquake that accompanied the
creation of Mount Fuji. The lake was so named because its shape
resembles that of the Chinese four stringed lute, the biwa.
Whereby, about 500 brooks and rivers flowing out of the surrounding
lbuki, Suzuka, and Hira mountains feed the lake. The lake has avoided
being choked with sediments that rivers carry into it because the bottom of
the lake continues to subside due to geological forces. The only river to
flow out of Lake Biwa is the Seta River which flows out the southern end
of the lake near Otsu and Ishiyama-dera, later joining the Yodo River and
flowing into Osaka Bay.
)=• The watershed of Lake Biwa covers roughly 3,250 square kilometers.
About 60 percent of this area is forested mountains, while 18 percent is
devoted to agriculture and the balance in other uses such as urban and
industrial development. Cities that line the shores of Lake Biwa include
Hikone, Nagahama, and Otsu.
5
â The lake is completely encompassed within Shiga prefecture, with its
surface area of 674.4 square kilometers occupying one-sixth of the
prefecture's total area. The lake surface lies 83.3 meters above sea level
but its deepest point is 104 meters below. Despite this, Lake Biwa is only
the eighth deepest lake in Japan (the deepest, Lake Tazawa in Akita
prefecture has a depth of 424 meters).
â The depth of the water varies widely. The northern part of the lake has an
average depth of 41 meters with many parts reaching 50 meters, but the
southern part only has an average depth of 4 meters and has no water
area that is over 10 meters deep. The circumference of the lake is 235.4
kilometers, with a maximum length of 63.5 kilometers and maximum width
of 22.8 kilometers. Within these dimensions, the lake contains about 27.5
billion cubic meters, or 27.5 trillion liters, of water.
Lake Biwa is the home to over 595 species of animals and 491 species of
plants, some not found anywhere else on earth. As Japan has grown as a
thriving economy, the lake has faced many threats to its environment and
ecology. The region's communities, particularly fishing communities such
as that of Okishima, have been dedicated in cooperating to deal with any
pollution-oriented problems that have come from a wide variety of
sources. For example, the use of agricultural chemicals became prohibited
within six kilometers from the lake despite the urgent need to boost food
production immediately after World War II. Also, around 1980, the Shiga
prefectural government passed an ordinance regulating the sale and use
of synthetic detergents despite considerable protests by industrial
interests. Actions such as these reflect the wish of the region's citizens to
maintain and pass on a clean Lake Biwa with a quality of water that is two
to three times higher than national standards. Despite this, problems do
still arise, such as the presence of aggressive non-native fish such as the
6
Black Bass that are upsetting the ecological balance (anglers are being
actively encourage to eat the foreign species, and not through the small
ones back), the constant risk of "red tide" and the shrinking population of
fresh water pearl oysters. As an insurance measure, a small number of
pearl oysters were removed from the lake recently and established in a
lake (dam) west of Tokyo.
Lesson learned during the visit shown that Japanese citizen had been
aware and willing to invest and change to protect the environment. The
self awareness among the public e.g. in Lake Biwa really is a good
example for our country. The way of Japanese thinking is very needed to
our country.
)> Photos of observation site visit to Lake Biwa:
Photo 1: Lake Biwa
7
Photo 2: The shape of the Lake Biwa
Photo 3: The tour at Lake Biwa Museum
Photo 4: The tour at Lake Biwa Museum
H
3.4 Preparation of Draft Action Plan
One of the objectives of this course is each participant needed to prepare
a draft action plan. The objective of draft action plan is to identify specific
actions to be taken after the training completed, which contribute to
improve water environment in each relevant country.
Each participant needed to present the action plan during the course. The
main purpose is to make comments/suggestions for improvement to other
participants.
4.0 Conclusion:
As a conclusion, there are some mechanism and system that our country
government could adopt and implement in Malaysia for the reason for the enhancement on
our national and local environment quality and ecosystem.
The federal government such as Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental
(NRE) or DOE should conduct more awareness forum and program to the state and local
government to enhance and increase the knowledge of the state and local government
officer. Besides that, NRE or DOE should establish a clear system and policy for the
Integrated Environmental Management System within Federal, State and Local
Government. The state/local government should aggressively involve in the environmental
pollution control and prevention program or system.
Beside the enforcement, DOE should establish the environmental quality analysis and
statistic, and create an expert group to give consultation for the big scale industry and
Small and Medium Industry (SMI) especially those harmful substances producer.
Therefore, the awareness program that included public participation in Lake Biwa
and Kanagawa Prefecture could be a guideline to enhance the environmental awareness of
9
people in Malaysia. The well maintain and manage of the Lake Biwa Museum could be our
first step/example in discovering the harmony that exists in relationship between humans
and environment (e.g. Lake Biwa).
Indeed, private sectors also play an important role in the Integrate Environmental
Management System in Malaysia to preserve our environment for the sake of our next
generation. Therefore, private sector and factory must publish their environmental
management system and daily EQA, 1974 compliant status through the internet or media
mass to the public. As an industry, if they are transparence in the environmental quality
management in their company, this will help to increase the self regulatory and compliant of
the standard and regulations. Additionally, private sector or industry should apply self
regulatory compliant system in the company.
In spite of this, government should review the role or responsibility between the
federal and state/local government such as Japan to avoid duplicate responsibility. The
state/local government should aggressively involve in the environmental pollution control
and prevention program or system. Hence, if government establishes the Integrate
Environmental Management in Malaysia, the compliance to the Environment Quality Act,
1974, rules and regulation is ensured and easy to manage. Therefore, the process of the
Sustainable Development in Malaysia will also be enhance and ensure. With this, our
environment quality, people health, life and next generation in Malaysia are preserved.
10
men+
Workshop for Enhancement of Date
Time
0Aup- 21(Sen
l4
22(m
Governmental Capacity on Water Environmen.
Program
Asian Countries(FY2011)
Lecturer
Arrival in Japan
:0:00-12:00 J1CA Briefing
Place
Y C
JICE
I nsti tute for Global
Environmental Strategies(IGES)
15:30-1100 ec.:Political and Administrative System in Japan
Mr. THAPA
Research Assistant
Yokohama National Univ.
10:00-12:00 Workshop 1Water Environmental Administration
in Japan and WEPA countries
Ms. 101,TAOKA
Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies(IGES)
L./
23i,Tye.)
14:00-16:00 Lec.: Wastewater treatment technologies
Lec.: Role of Local Government in Water Environment
10:00-120'
Management
- Case of Kanagawa Prefecture24(We d.
...:
M
OKASHIRO
Ms. YAITA
Workshop 2: Sharing the inception report: sharing the
13:30-16 00 framework of water environmental management systems Ms. KATAOKA
1
25',Tilyr.
,.'
13:15-14:45 Lec.:TtAva rds the Comprehensive Preservation of
Lake Biwa
15:00-16:00 Concluding discussion
P,
26-CFr
,./-
10:00-12:00 Obs.:Lake Biwa Museum
.„ 430-16:30 Obs.:Lake Biwa
Lake Biwa — Y1C
SR 10
YIC
(045-663-3251)
SR 10
YIC
(045-663-3251)
Japan Education Center
of Environmental Sanitation
Group Leader,Water Quality
Conservation Group, Air and
Water Quality Div..Environment
Dept., Kanagawa Pref.
Government
SR 10
Institute for Global Environmental
Strategies(IGES)
Hotel Daisho
Kusatsu
(077-562-9322)
-
`QC -n: Kusatsu, Shiga Prof.
10:00-12:00 Lec .:Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM)
4
__ ._
Ms. KATAOKA
) 3:30-1v3a Introduction of WEPA and training program
Accommodation;
Technical Coordinator,
Mr. BALLATORE International
Lake Environment Committee
(1LEG)
Deputy Associate Director,
Lake Biwa Policy Div. Dept. of
Lake Biwa and the Environment,
M MIWA
Shiga
Prefectural Government
ILEC
Hotel Daisho
Kusatsu
(077-562-9322)
_
Mr. EALLATORE Technical Coordinator, ILEC
Mr. BALLATOPE Technical Coordinator, ILEC
.
Mr. EALLATORE
Technical Coordinator
...... .
- ---
Lake Biwa Museum
Aqua Bi wa
. ...
Y1C
(045-663-3251) 1
rte
^1
M
Workshop for Enhancemen, if the Governmental Capacity on Water Envirori...ent in Asian Countries(FY2011)
1
27kBat.)
2E(Sun.)
Free
4.....hh, i,..i.J ivi:.., .
Free
I
Water Resource Management
10:00-12:00 - en.: Integrated
--introduction...................
of IWRM guideline
29(Mon.
13:30-15.00
1
i
`e a:
Water Environment Conservation and
Rehabilitation Policy in Kanagawa Pref.
0:30 Courtesy Call on DC of Environmental Management
Bureau, DC for Water Environment
_
.....
.
................. .. . .._._
- - • -
Lec.: Overview of water environmental management
in Japan
30(-rue.) 0:30-12:30
YIC
YIC
to...be confirmed Japan Water .Association(JWA) - i. , •
Mr. TAKIZAWA
&
Mr. HASEGAWA
10:00
a
1 1
)
ii
N
WAKO
Water Source Environment
Conservation Div.,Water and
Greenery Dept., Kanagawa Pref.
Government
Ministry of the Environment(MOE
MOE
Deputy Director, Water
Environment
Div.,Environmental Management
Bureau, MOE
IGES-Tokyo OfEc
Kirin Brewery
CYh
ompany,okoama Factory
Ft
Kirin
Yokoh
Facto ry
ama
la
11
ti
11
14 :30-16:30 Obs.:Kirin Brewery Company, Yokohama Factory
rvation efforts in Private Sector)
ec
I
LI
31(Wed
10:00-15,30 Workshop 3:
Nept.10- hur.
Mr. KUYAMA &
Ms. KATAOKA
13:30-14:30 Evaluation Meeting
2(Fri.)
-
- 15:00-15:30 . Closing Ceremony
_.
15:30
3(Sat)
IGES
Action plan preparation
09:00-12:00 Action plan draft presentation and discussion .
7arewell party (tea party)
Departure from Japan
SR 10
(facilitator) IGES
...................
...
Y1C
(045-663-3251)
YIC
(045-663-3251)
SR 10
YIC
SR I
YIC
SR 10
..-_.
SR 7
Conference
Rooms 2 & 3
YIC
(045-663-3251)
I
Attachment 2: Draft Action Plan
Issues
1. Effluent
discharge
from
industries
Actions
Strategy
Time
Frame
Improve and expand the
present emission
inventory database into
one that is complete,
dynamic and flexible.
Complete water
pollution control
system (IETS)
database in e-KAS for
new & existing
sources.
2012
onwards
a)
Promotion of ISO 14000
among major wastewater
pollution emitters by
2011.
Carry out
seminar/awareness
campaign to the
premises through
cleaner production
program.
2012
onwards
b)
Life cycle assessment
promotion e.g. from the
production to the
disposal/discharge stage
done in an
environmentally friendly
manner e.g. recycle
water/reuse water.
Implementation of 3rd
party compliance audit
among major emitters
through cleaner
production.
2012
onwards
1.1 Improve a)
industry
inventory
1.2 Concept of
self-regulation —
ISO 14000
Key Performance Index
(KPI)
Attachment 2: Draft Action Plan
Issues
1. Effluent
discharge
from
industries
Actions
Strategy
1.3 Enforcement
1.4 Monitoring
Report for
IETS
Key Performance
Index (KPI)
Time
Frame
a)
Carry out stringent
enforcement actions,
80% compliance to
the regulation,
a)
400 Non-prescribed
premises (included nondischarge premise)
targeted to be inspected
each year by DOE State
of Sabah.
Report quartely to the
top management.
c)
Promote self-regulation
among industries.
60% industries
implement selfregulation for IETS.
2015
Carry out seminar for
Performance
Monitoring.
2012
onwards
mandatory
requirement for
premise to send
monthly monitoring
report for IETS.
2012
onwards
c)
DOE developed the
Monthly Discharge
Monitoring Report
(MDMR) —Web base
system.
2011
onwards
1
Attachment 2: Draft Action Plan
Issues
2. Knowledge
Enhancement
Actions
Strategy
2.1 Improve water
quality reporting
a)
Utilize Geographical
Information System
(GIS) as an
analytical and
display tool for better
visualization and
understanding of
water quality status
and prediction.
2.2 Competent
person
b)
Ensure each
premises must have
competent person to
handle the IETS.
Key Performance Index
(KPI)
Time
Frame
Existing GIS to be fully
utilized by DOE
officers.
2012
onwards
Certification Courses
in the Operation of
Industrial Effluent
Treatment Systems
(CePIETSO) —
biological proses
/Physical-chemical
process.
2011
onwards
Attachment 2: Draft Action Plan
Issues
2. Knowledge
Enhancement
Strategy
2.2 Competent
person
2.3 Guideline of
IETS for practical
enforcement of
Industrial
Effluent
Regulation 2009
Actions
c)
d)
DOE inspectors with
new image are
knowledgeable,
effective, confident
and resourceful
enforcement officers,
Draft for the guideline
have been finalized.
Key Performance
Index (KPI)
Time
Frame
Certification Courses
in the Operation of
Industrial Effluent
Treatment Systems
2011
onwards
(CePIETSI). Started
with the top
management &
senior officer.
Printing & distribute
to each officers.
2012
2
Attachment 2: Draft Action Plan
Issues
3. Public
Awareness &
Participation
Actions
Strategy
Key Performance Index
(KPI)
Time
Frame
3.1 Student
Involvement in
Environmental
Programmes
a)
Broaden the scope
of assistance to
secondary
schools and
students in
implementing
environmental
awareness
projects and
programs.
Facilitate Corporate Social
Responsibilities (CSR)
program among local and
multinational companies.
Each state to have at
least 2 companies to get
involved in the program
every year Through
program "Rakan Alam
Sekitar" (RAS).
2012
onwards
3.2 Corporate
Social
Responsibility In
Promoting
Environmental
Awareness
b)
Inculcate
environmental
responsibilities
among corporate
bodies through
corporate social
responsibility
program.
Facilitate Corporate Social
Responsibilities (CSR)
program among local and
multinational companies.
Each state to have at
least 2 companies to get
involved in the program
each year through RAS.
2012
onwards
3