Performance Data: Apples and Pears
Calcium Uptake in Peel and Cortex Tissue
Peel (ppm)
Calcium Content (ppm)
700
Cortex (ppm)
708
600
634
618
500
400
458
300
200
167
100
222
200
261
0
Untreated
CaCl22
Location: Wenatchee, WA, USA
Treatments:
CaCl22 + RA
Wuxal Calcium
Season: 2000
Change from UTC
Change from CaCl2
Cortex
Peel
Cortex
Product
Rate
Timing
Peel
Untreated Control
NA
Calcium Chloride
0.5% solution 8 times, petal fall to maturity
+35%
+11%
Calcium Chloride + Regulaid*
0.5% solution 8 times, petal fall to maturity
+38%
+33%
+3%
+11%
Wuxal Calcium
1.0% solution 8 times, petal fall to maturity
+55%
+56%
+15%
+31%
Variety: Golden Delicious
Cooperator: USDA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory.
Conclusion: Wuxal Calcium treated fruit had 15% higher Ca content in the peel and 31% higher Ca content in the cortex over CaCl2..
Wuxal Calcium treated fruit had 12% higher Ca content in the peel and 18% higher Ca content in the cortex over CaCl2 with a
common surfactant.
*Agricultural surfactant
Increase of Fruit Calcium from Different Formulations
9
8
Ca (mg/kg dm)
7
8.2
6
5
6.0
4
3
2
3.0
1
Location: Warsaw, Poland
Season: 1996
Treatments:
Product
Change from CaCl2 Change from Stopit*
Calcium Chloride
Stopit
+100%
Wuxal Calcium
+173%
+36%
Cooperator: University of Warsaw, Fruit Science Dept.
Conclusion: Wuxal Calcium increased fruit calcium content 36%
over Stopit, and 173% over CaCl2.
*Stopit is manufactured by Sumi Agro.
0
CaCl22
Stopit
Wuxal Calcium
Performance Data: Apples and Pears
Wuxal Penetrant Effect on Calcium Absorption
11
Location: Europe
Treatments:
Product
Change from UTC Change from CaCl2
Untreated control
CaCl2 solution
+48%
Wuxal Calcium
+86%
+25%
Variety: Jonagold
Conclusion: The adjuvant package from Wuxal Suspensions, if
added to a CaCl2 solution, increased the calcium uptake by 25%
over the CaCl2 solution.
10
mg CaO/100 g FM
10.4
9
8
8.3
7
6
5.6
5
Control
CaCl22 solution
CaCl22 + Wuxal
Adjuvant
Fruit Ca Increase from Ca Application
30
1993
Location: Italy
Treatments:
Product
CaCl2
Stopit
1994
25
27
ppm
20
23
15
10
12
11
13
9
5
0
CaCl22
Stopit
Wuxal Calcium
140
Control
Wuxal Microplant Mg
mg/100 g dried tissue
120
123
116
100
80
100
88
80
73
60
40
35
20
21
Mg
Zn
21 22
7 10
0
Mn
Cu
Fe
Lbs. Ca
Applied
Yr
2.2
93/94
2.2
93
+9%
2.2
94
+44%
Wuxal Calcium 2.2
93
+145%
+125%
2.2
94
+155%
+77%
Cooperator: Tomala. Acta Horticulturae 448, 59–65.
Conclusion: On a 2 year average, 2.2 lb. of Ca from Wuxal
Calcium increased Ca uptake 100% over a competitive
formulated product and 150% over CaCl2.
*Stopit is manufactured by Sumi Agro.
Location: Gorsem, Belgium
Treatments:
Product
Rate
Wuxal
42 fl. oz/A
Microplant Mg
Improvement of Micronutrient Content
B
Season: 1993 & 1994
Change from Change from
Stopit*
CaCl2
Timing
Change from UTC
after petal fall
Mg: +23%
Zn: +66%
Mn: +20%
Cu: +30%
Fe: +45%
B: +4.5%
Variety: Jonagold
Cooperator: Independent research station.
Conclusion: Wuxal Microplant Mg increased the dried tissue
content of key micronutrients after application.
®
Foliar Nutrition
Effect on Bitter Pit Incidence
Location: Argentina
Season: 1999
Treatments
Change from
Product
Rate Frequency UTC Ca(NO3)2
Untreated Control
Calcium Nitrate
4.2 lb/A
6x
–75%
Wuxal Calcium
25.5 fl. oz./A 6x
–83% –32%
Variety: Granny Smith
Cooperator: INTA, Dr. E. Sanchez.
Conclusions: There was a 31.7% reduction in the incidence of
bitter pit with Wuxal Calcium compared to calcium nitrate.
90
80
Bitter pit (%)
70
88
60
50
40
30
20
22
10
15
0
Control
Calcium Nitrate
Wuxal Calcium
Effect of Foliar Nutrition and Calcium Source on
Incidence of Bitter Pit in Apples
% of Fruits Affected with Bitter Pit
25%
Without Foliar Fertilizer
Ca(NO3)2
3 2
Wuxal Calcium
20%
15%
Treatments:
Product
Untreated Control
Calcium Nitrate
22%
18%
14%
10%
5%
7%
6%
1%
0%
1977/1978
1979/1980
Fruit Firmness
Control
120
Wuxal Calcium
110
100
psi
90
115
102
80
70
60
64
50
42
40
Harvest
Season: Two, 2-year studies, 1977-78 & 1979-80
3 Mos. Storage
Yr
Change
from UTC
Change
from Ca(NO3)2
77/78
–64%
79/80
–36%
Wuxal Calcium
77/78
–97%
–92%
79/80
–69%
–52%
Cooperator: Aglukon Speziadünger Study
Conclusion: Wuxal Calcium has been delivering benefits to fruit
growers around the world for over 30 years.
Location: Warsaw, Poland
Treatments:
Product
Rate
Freq.
Untreated Control
Wuxal Calcium
51 fl. oz./A 4x
Season:
Firmness
@ Harvest
@ 3 mos.
Storage
Change
from UTC
+13%
+52%
Variety: Champion
Cooperator: University of Warsaw.
Conclusion: Fruit treated 4 times during the season with Wuxal
Calcium was 13% firmer at harvest and 52% firmer after three
months in storage. Wuxal treated fruit went into storage firmer
and retained its condition better.
®
Foliar Nutrition
Stabilization of Fruit Firmness of Pear
80
10-Feb
22-Mar
3-May
70
Firmness (psi)
60
74
Location: Bologna, Italy
Treatments:
Product
Rate
Frequency
Wuxal Calcium 44 fl. oz./A
6x
73
65
50
57
40
47
47
30
Change from UTC
Feb. 10: –2%
Mar. 22: +39%
May 3: +21%
Variety: Abate Fetel
Cooperator: Agric. Coop.
Conclusions: Wuxal Calcium maintained pear firmness over a
sustained period of storage
20
10
0
Untreated
Wuxal Calcium
Effect of Wuxal Calcium Sprays on Nitrogen Content in Leaves
Location: Bad-Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany Season: 1997
Product: Wuxal Calcium
Analysis date: August 8, 1997
Timing
Frequency
Rate
Change from UTC
Petal fall to June
5x
68 fl. oz./A
–3%
July to harvest
5x
68 fl. oz./A
–12%
Variety: Cox
Cooperator: Fruit Research State.
Conclusion: Early or late season applications of Wuxal Calcium
did not produce an increase in leaf nitrogen content which could
be detrimental to plant vigor.
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.2
% d.m.
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
Untreated
Wuxal Calcium late Wuxal Calcium early
Effect of Wuxal Calcium Sprays on Nitrogen Content in Fruit
70
mg/100 FM
69
70
69
69
69
69
69
68
68
Untreated
Location: Bad-Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany Season: 1997
Product: Wuxal Calcium
Analysis date: October 15, 1997
Timing
Frequency
Rate
Change from UTC
Petal fall to June
5x
68 fl. oz./A
–1%
Variety: Cox
Cooperator: Fruit Research State.
Conclusion: Early season applications of Wuxal Calcium did not
produce an increase in fruit nitrogen content which could be
detrimental to product storage.
Wuxal Calcium
Precision Laboratories, Inc. • 1429 S. Shields Drive • Waukegan, IL 60085 • 800-323-6280 • www.precisionlab.com
Wuxal is a registered trademark and manufacturing process under license of Aglukon Spezialdünger, Düsseldorf, Germany.