CHAPTER 1 • REVIEW
Chapter Review
BACK TO
Everything that has mass and takes up
space is matter.
Have students look at the photograph
on pp. 6–7. Ask them to list ten objects
or substances that represent different
states of matter in the photograph. Have
them explain what makes each object
matter. Each object has mass and takes
CONTENT REVIEW
CLASSZONE.COM
KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY
1.1
Matter has mass and volume.
VOCABULARY
matter p. 9
mass p. 10
weight p. 11
volume p. 11
up space.
KEY CONCEPTS SUMMARY
SECTION 1.1
Ask: Which tools are being used to
measure mass and volume? a pan bal-
Mass is a measure of how much
matter an object contains.
ance to measure mass and a graduated
cylinder to measure volume Ask: Which
1.2
Volume is the measure of the
amount of space matter occupies.
Matter is made of atoms.
VOCABULARY
atom p. 16
molecule p. 18
An atom is the smallest basic unit of
matter. Two or more atoms bonded
together form a molecule. Atoms
and molecules are always in motion.
tool would you use to measure the volume of a box? a ruler or meter stick
SECTION 1.2
Ask: How many different kinds of atoms
formed the molecule? two
1.3
Matter combines to form different substances.
VOCABULARY
element p. 22
compound p. 23
mixture p. 23
SECTION 1.3
Ask: Which picture shows a pure substance? Explain. The picture on the
left of the gold coins shows a pure
substance. The coins contain only one
substance, the element gold.
Matter can be pure, such as an
element (gold), or a compound
(water).
1.4
SECTION 1.4
Ask: Which state of matter has a fixed
volume but takes the shape of the container it is in? liquid
Matter exists in different physical states.
VOCABULARY
states of matter p. 27
solid p. 28
liquid p. 28
gas p. 28
Review Concepts
T
Matter can be a mixture.
Mixtures contain two or
more pure substances.
Solids have a fixed volume
and a fixed shape.
• Big Idea Flow Chart, p. T1
• Chapter Outline, pp. T7–T8
A
B
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
Gases have no fixed
volume and no fixed shape.
34 Unit: Matter and Energy
Technology Resources
Have students visit ClassZone.com or use the
CD-ROM for a cumulative review of concepts.
CONTENT REVIEW
Engage students in a whole-class interactive
review of Key Concepts. Edit content as
you wish.
POWER PRESENTATIONS
CONTENT REVIEW CD-ROM
A
B 34 Unit: Matter and Energy
Reviewing Vocabulary
1. weight
Reviewing Vocabulary
Copy and complete the chart below. If the
right column is blank, give a brief description
or definition. If the left column is blank, give
the correct term.
Term
1.
Description
the downward pull of
gravity on an object
2. liquid
3.
the smallest basic unit of
matter
4. solid
5.
6.
state of matter with no
fixed volume and no fixed
shape
a combination of different
substances that remain
individual substances
7. matter
8.
13. A unit for measuring the volume of a liquid
is the
a. kilogram
b. gram per cubic centimeter
3. atom
4. matter with a definite volume and
shape
c. milliliter
d. milliliter per cubic centimeter
5. gas
6. mixture
14. The weight of an object is measured by using
a scale that
a. compares the mass of the object with a
standard unit of mass
b. shows the amount of space the object
occupies
c. indicates how much water is displaced by
the object
d. tells how hard the object is pushing or
pulling on it
7. anything that has mass and takes
up space
8. mass
9. a substance that contains only a
single type of atom
10. molecule
11. a substance that results when two
or more different types of atoms
bond together
15. To find the volume of a rectangular box,
a. divide the length by the height
b. multiply the length, width, and height
c. subtract the mass from the weight
Reviewing Key Concepts
d. multiply one atom’s mass by the total
a measure of how much
matter an object contains
9. element
10.
2. matter with a definite volume but
no definite shape
a particle made of two
or more atoms bonded
together
12. a
16. Compounds can be separated only by
a. breaking the atoms into smaller pieces
13. c
b. breaking the bonds between the atoms
c. using a magnet to attract certain atoms
14. d
d. evaporating the liquid that contains
the atoms
15. b
16. b
11. compound
Reviewing Key Concepts
Multiple Choice Choose the letter of the
best answer.
12. The standard unit for measuring mass is the
a. kilogram
b. gram per cubic centimeter
c. milliliter
d. milliliter per cubic centimeter
17. Whether a substance is a solid, a liquid, or
a gas depends on how close its atoms are
to one another and
17. c
18. c
a. the volume of each atom
b. how much matter the atoms have
(Answers to items that appear on p. 36)
c. how free the atoms are to move
d. the size of the container
19. Particles in a solid vibrate in position. Particles in a liquid slide past
one another. Particles in a gas move
freely in any direction.
18. A liquid has
a. a fixed volume and a fixed shape
b. no fixed volume and a fixed shape
c. a fixed volume and no fixed shape
d. no fixed volume and no fixed shape
20. Molecules in the air are moving,
hitting the dust particles, and pushing them from different directions.
21. because three one-dimensional
units are multiplied
Chapter 1: Introduction to Matter 35
A
B
22. The molecules apply pressure inside
the tire, expanding the tire.
ASSESSMENT RESOURCES
A
ASSESSMENT BOOK
• Chapter Test A, pp. 7–10
• Chapter Test B, pp. 11–14
• Chapter Test C, pp. 15–18
• Alternative Assessment, pp. 19–20
SPANISH ASSESSMENT BOOK
Spanish Chapter Test, pp. 213–216
Technology Resources
Edit test items and answer choices.
Test Generator CD-ROM
Visit ClassZone.com to extend
test practice.
Test Practice
Chapter 1 35 A
B
(Answers for items 19–22 appear
on p. 35.)
Thinking Critically
Short Answer Answer each of the following
questions in a sentence or two.
23. Matter: wood, metal, water, air;
Not Matter: light, sound
Use the information in the photograph below
to answer the next three questions.
19. Describe the movement of particles in a solid,
a liquid, and a gas.
24. No; you would have carbon and
oxygen atoms. A molecule is the
smallest part of a compound that is
still that compound.
20. In bright sunlight, dust particles in the air
appear to dart about. What causes this effect?
21. Why is the volume of a rectangular object
measured in cubic units?
25. Like a liquid, sand has a definite
volume but takes the shape of its
container as sand grains slide
around. Unlike a liquid, sand is
made up of individual grains that
each have a definite volume and
a definite shape.
50 mL
58 mL
22. Describe how the molecules in the air behave
when you pump air into a bicycle tire.
Thinking Critically
23. CLASSIFY Write the headings Matter and
Not Matter on your paper. Place each of these
terms in the correct category: wood, water,
metal, air, light, sound.
26 Many of the gas molecules escape
into the air outside the ball.
24. INFER If you could break up a carbon dioxide
molecule, would you still have carbon dioxide?
Explain your answer.
27. Mixtures: substances remain the
same, separated by physical means,
percentages of substances can vary;
Compounds: new substances formed,
separated by breaking bonds, percentages of substances fixed; Alike:
combinations of substances
25. MODEL In what ways is sand in a bowl like a
liquid? In what ways is it different?
26. INFER If you cut a hole in a basketball, what
happens to the gas inside?
31. INFER One way to find the volume of a marble
is by displacement. To determine a marble’s
volume, add 50 mL of water to a graduated
cylinder and place the marble in the cylinder.
Why does the water level change when you
put the marble in the cylinder?
32. CALCULATE What is the volume of the marble?
33. PREDICT If you carefully removed the marble
and let all of the water on it drain back into
the cylinder, what would the volume of the
water be? Explain.
27. COMPARE AND CONTRAST Create a Venn
diagram that shows how mixtures and
compounds are alike and different.
28. The ball is a solid; the molecules
are fixed in place and cannot move
easily.
29. 720,000 cm3
30. 2 trips
31. The marble displaces the liquid.
32. 8 mL or 8 cm3
28. ANALYZE If you place a solid rubber ball into
a box, why doesn’t the ball change its shape
to fit the container?
34. SYNTHESIZE Look back at the photograph on
pages 6–7. Describe the picture in terms of
states of matter.
29. CALCULATE What is the volume of an
aquarium that is 120 cm long, 60 cm wide,
and 100 cm high?
35. WRITE Make a list of all the matter in a twometer radius around you. Classify each as a
solid, liquid, or gas.
30. CALCULATE A truck whose bed is 2.5 m long,
1.5 m wide, and 1 m high is delivering sand
for a sand-sculpture competition. How many
trips must the truck make to deliver 7 cubic
meters of sand?
33. 50 mL; the volume of the water
does not change and the marble is
no longer displacing any of it.
If you are doing a unit project, make a folder for
your project. Include in your folder a list of the
resources you will need, the date on which the
project is due, and a schedule to track your
progress. Begin gathering data.
34. Answers should categorize items as
solids, liquids, and gases.
35. Answers might include water (liquid), air (gas), and table (solid).
A
B
36 Unit: Matter and Energy
MONITOR AND RETEACH
Give students the appropriate Unit
Project worksheets from the URB for
their projects. Both directions and rubrics
can be used as a guide.
R
Unit Projects, pp. 5–10
If students have trouble applying the concepts in items 29–33, suggest
that they review pp. 12–13. Have students make a table that lists standard units of volume in one column and describes the units in the other
column.
Students may benefit from summarizing one or more sections of
the chapter.
R
A
B 36 Unit: Matter and Energy
Summarizing the Chapter, pp. 81–82