Førebuing/ Forberedelse ENG1002 Engelsk fellesfag ENG1003 Engelsk fellesfag Nynorsk/Bokmål 26.05.2017 Nynorsk Informasjon til førebuingsdelen Førebuingstid Førebuingstida varer éin dag. Hjelpemiddel På førebuingsdagen er alle hjelpemiddel tillatne, inkludert bruk av Internett. På eksamen er alle hjelpemiddel tillatne, bortsett frå Internett og andre verktøy som kan brukast til kommunikasjon. For norsk, samisk, finsk som andrespråk og framandspråka er heller ikkje omsetjingsprogram tillatne. Ved bruk av nettbaserte hjelpemiddel til eksamen, er det ikkje tillate å kommunisere med andre (dvs. samskriving, chat, alle moglegheiter for å utveksle informasjon med andre) under eksamen. Bruk av kjelder Dersom du bruker kjelder i svaret ditt, skal dei alltid førast opp på ein slik måte at lesaren kan finne fram til dei. Du skal føre opp forfattar og fullstendig tittel på både lærebøker og annan litteratur. Dersom du bruker utskrifter eller sitat frå Internett, skal du føre opp nøyaktig nettadresse og nedlastingsdato. Andre opplysningar Førebuingsdagen er obligatorisk skoledag. I førebuingstida kan du samarbeide med andre, finne informasjon og få rettleiing. Informasjon om vurderinga Sjå eksamensrettleiinga med kjenneteikn på måloppnåing til sentralt gitt skriftleg eksamen. Eksamensrettleiinga finn du på www.utdanningsdirektoratet.no. Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 2 av 16 Bokmål Informasjon til forberedelsesdelen Forberedelsestid Forberedelsestiden varer én dag. Hjelpemidler På forberedelsesdagen er alle hjelpemidler tillatt, inkludert bruk av Internett. På eksamen er alle hjelpemidler tillatt, bortsett fra Internett og andre verktøy som kan brukes til kommunikasjon. For norsk, samisk, finsk som andrespråk og fremmedspråkene er heller ikke oversettelsesprogrammer tillatt. Ved bruk av nettbaserte hjelpemidler til eksamen, er det ikke tillatt å kommunisere med andre (dvs. samskriving, chat, alle muligheter for å utveksle informasjon med andre) under eksamen. Bruk av kilder Hvis du bruker kilder i besvarelsen din, skal disse alltid oppgis på en slik måte at leseren kan finne fram til dem. Du skal oppgi forfatter og fullstendig tittel på både lærebøker og annen litteratur. Hvis du bruker utskrifter eller sitater fra Internett, skal du oppgi nøyaktig nettadresse og nedlastingsdato. Andre opplysninger Forberedelsesdagen er obligatorisk skoledag. I forberedelsestiden kan du samarbeide med andre, finne informasjon og få veiledning. Informasjon om vurderingen Se eksamensveiledningen med kjennetegn på måloppnåelse til sentralt gitt skriftlig eksamen. Eksamensveiledningen finner du på www.utdanningsdirektoratet.no. Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 3 av 16 The topic for this examination is: Being a good worker and a good citizen in English-speaking countries In this preparation material, you will find a variety of texts about being a good worker and a good citizen in different contexts in English-speaking countries. Such contexts might be historical periods, national or regional cultures, the workplace or school, a circle of friends and so on. From time to time, we might be unsure about what to do in order to be a good worker or a good citizen. The expectations we find in one context may be different from the expectations in another. Both schools and workplaces, for example, will have their expectations about what it means to be a good worker or good citizen. Your friends, family and local community may also have different views about what it means to be a good citizen. We hope that these texts will inspire you to explore and discuss ideas about this topic. Remember to look for information from other sources as well, including what you have worked with during your English course. Make a note of useful keywords and phrases, and remember to note down your sources. REMEMBER TO BRING THIS PREPARATION MATERIAL WITH YOU TO THE EXAMINATION. YOU WILL NEED IT. Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 4 av 16 Text 1 Ways of being a good citizen 1. Working hard and paying taxes: "Employee of the month" 2. Speaking out through literature and lyrics: Bob Dylan 3. Volunteering: Working in an American soup kitchen 4. Refusing to stand and sing the national anthem: Colin Kaepernick, 2016 5.Campaigning/raising awareness: Leonardo DiCaprio on climate change 6. Speaking out through music: Buffy SaintMarie Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 5 av 16 Text 2 What makes a good worker? Whether you are a new apprentice or an experienced worker, it is useful to consider what employers think is important. Many of the following qualities are of course also relevant in an educational setting, since they are about working well with others. The top ten skills and qualities good workers should possess: 1. Communication skills: Employers prefer to hire people who have the ability to communicate well and express themselves in a clear manner, whether in writing or when speaking. 2. Initiative: Good employees never hesitate to take responsibility. They are also ready to work beyond the call of duty to meet goals or to solve problems, even if the task in question is not one they are usually assigned. 3. Hard-working: Although everyone seems to say that they work hard, not many keep up with this ideal after being in a job for some time. So, one has to keep reminding oneself about the importance of working hard over time. 4. Effective learning skills: Employees who are willing to learn new things are likely to be the best performers in any organization. Self-criticism and the willingness to receive feedback (both positive and negative) are essential to becoming a good learner. 5. Team player: Many companies work in teams and all companies require an effective team effort. Employees who can contribute to the team are ideal workers. 6. Willingness to help others: Good workers do not hesitate to help others. This makes it easier to establish friendly relations with co-workers and a good working environment. 7. Honesty: Good workers are honest about their work and qualifications. They let the credit go to the worker who deserves it and will also share their own achievements with the team. 8. Ethical: Work rules are made to be followed. There is a code of behaviour at every workplace. Good workers know and comply with the policies of the company and encourage others to do so too. Good workers will also attempt to stop unethical behaviour. 9. Politeness: Being friendly and approachable will never hurt. Good employees greet coworkers with a “good morning”, and will use courtesies such as “thank you” and “you’re welcome”. 10. Self-discipline and trustworthy behaviour: Every boss wants punctual and disciplined workers. Coming late to work, taking unnecessary breaks and leaving early costs the company money. Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 6 av 16 Text 3 What makes good language learners? Recent research on what makes a good language learner can help us improve and learn faster. Here is a brief summary of the latest theories: Good language learners think about how they are learning. They try to find out what works for them and what doesn't. If they don’t understand the purpose of a particular exercise, they ask the teacher. Good language learners are willing to experiment and take risks. For example, they will try out different ways of learning vocabulary until they find the way that suits them best. They are also not afraid of making mistakes, because they know they can learn from them. Good language learners are realistic. They know that it will take time and effort to become proficient in the new language, and that there will be times when they do not seem to be making much progress. Good language learners are independent. They do not expect to learn a new language just by sitting in the classroom, and do not totally rely on the teacher to direct their learning. Good language learners are organised and active. They use their time to learn a new language sensibly, and are always looking for opportunities to develop their language both inside and outside the classroom. Good language learners understand the importance of communication and accuracy. Some students are experts at communicating their thoughts but do not care that they make many mistakes in doing so. Good language learners, on the other hand, are concerned with both communicating and doing so as accurately as possible. Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 7 av 16 Text 4 The text below was written by a student in response to the exam task: "Write a short text that looks at the question of what it means to be a good citizen and live a good life." What does it mean to be a good citizen and live a good life? Humans have always discussed the idea of being a good citizen. Philosophers, religious leaders and politicians have all attempted to answer the question of what it means to be a good citizen. This text will attempt to look at some answers to this question. Many philosophers have had ideas about what it means to live a good life. Epicurus said, "If thou wilt make a man happy, add not unto his riches but take away from his desires."1 Socrates, on the other hand, believed that to have a good life, you need to examine your life. By leading an examined life, you begin to understand yourself and how you work.2 Religious leaders also have ideas about being a good citizen. The Pope said that being a good citizen was not, as many believed, "boring".3 He also suggested that work is important, saying, "where there is no work, there is no dignity."4 This suggests that work is about more than just earning money. It is an important part of having a good life. Some politicians believe that being a good citizen involves helping others and treating everyone equally. Bernie Sanders, an American politician, said, "You can’t give the rich huge tax breaks while children in this country go hungry."5 President Donald Trump, on the other hand, said that his whole life was about winning, and that, "I almost never lose."6 He believes that winning is the key to a good life. In conclusion, there is no definitive answer to the question of what it means to be a good citizen or live a good life. Work is something that is often mentioned, as is helping others. It looks like everyone has to find their own answer to this age-old question. 1. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, (2014, April 20) Epicurus. 2. Life. Retrieved September 4, 2016 from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epicurus/#2 2. Google Blogger Jim, (2009, August 20) Socrates "The Good Life". Philosophy Education. Retrieved from: http://philosophy-edu.blogspot.no/2009/08/socratesgood-life.html 3. Voice of America (VOA), (2009, October 29) Pope: Leading a Good Life Not Boring. Retrieved from: http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-pope-leading-a-good-life-isnot-boring-67520102/284281.html 4. BrainyQuote, (n.d.) A little bit of mercy makes the world less cold and more just. Retrieved from: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/p/pope_francis.html 5. Sanders, Bernie (2016) Income and Wealth Inequality. Retrieved from: https://berniesanders.com/issues/income-and-wealth-inequality/ 6. Ginsberg, S. & Costa, R. (2015, December 9) I. Will. Never. Leave. This. Race. The Washington Post. Retrieved from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/i-willnever-leave-this-race/2015/12/08/af1b1d46-9ad2-11e5-8917653b65c809eb_story.html Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 8 av 16 Text 5 Being a good citizen; an indigenous experience Albert Namatjira (b. 28th July, 1902) was an enormously popular painter in Australia. Due to his fame and popularity, he became, in 1957, the first Aboriginal person to gain Australian Citizenship. At this time, Aboriginal people were wards of the state without the right to vote, own land, receive minimum wage or purchase or possess alcohol. Albert and his wife, Rubina were granted Australian citizenship in 1957, however, his children and countrymen continued to be denied citizenship of the country that their ancestors had lived in for thousands of years. This meant that they could not stay overnight in any home that Albert chose to build, nor could they enjoy a beer with him in his home. The Australian law dictated that it was illegal to supply an Aboriginal person with alcohol, and yet the norms of the Arrernte people required Namatjira to share with his community. In 1958 an Arrernte man murdered his wife while in a drunken rage. Albert was charged with allowing this member of his family to have access to alcohol and was sentenced to six months imprisonment with hard labour. His sentence was later reduced, and he was released in May 1959. He was by this stage suffering from severe depression and no longer painted. He died less than 3 months later following a heart attack. The Aboriginal people have a strong sense of connection to the land from which they come. This sense of country is expressed in Namatjira’s art as well as how he lived his life. He was a member of the Arrernte people who come from central Australia near Alice Springs. In Arrernte culture, relatedness to all the people of your country is extremely important and in order to be good, one should have contact with and share with all members of one’s community. Namatjira, by Oodgeroo Noonuccal Through the popularity of his paintings, Albert Namatjira received both recognition and wealth, including meeting the Queen and receiving the Queen’s Coronation Medal. He remained, however, an Aboriginal man, and therefore a ward of the state. In 1949, he wished to buy a cattle station for himself and his community to live on. However, because he was a ward of the state, he was not entitled to buy property. Again, in 1951 he attempted to purchase land to build a house in Alice Springs, but this was also denied due to his Aboriginality. In desperation, he moved to Morris Soak camp with many of his Arrernte community. The people here lived in extreme poverty, but nonetheless, they lived together, sharing what they had in accordance with the norms of their culture. Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Aboriginal man, you walked with pride, And painted with joy the countryside. Original man, your fame grew fast, Men pointed you out as you went past. But vain the honour and tributes paid, For you strangled in rules the white man made; You broke no law of your own wild clan Which says, ‘Share all with your fellow man.’ What did their loud acclaim avail Who gave you honour, then gave you jail? Namatjira, they boomed your art, They called you genius, then broke your heart. Side 9 av 16 Text 6 Sing Our Own Song (2015) by Buffy Saint-Marie The great flood of tears that we’ve cried For our brothers and sisters who’ve died Over five hundred years has washed away our fears And strengthened our pride, now we turn back the tide We will no longer hear your commands We will slide your control from our lands Re-direct the flame of our anger and pain And pity the shame, for what you do in God’s name And we will stand for the right to be free And we will rebuild our own society And we will sing, we will sing, We will sing our own song When the ancient drum rhythms ring The voice of our forefathers sings The will to live will beat on, we will no longer be pawns To greed and to war, We will be Idle No More And we will stand for the right to be free And we will rebuild a just society And we will sing, we will sing We will sing our own song When the ancient drum rhythms ring The voice of our grandmothers sings Native America run, we will no longer succumb To oil and to ore, we will be Idle No More And we will stand for the right to be free And we will rebuild our own society And we will sing, we will sing We will sing our own song And we will teach about the right to be free And we will rebuild our own society And we will sing, we will sing We will sing our own song Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 10 av 16 Text 7 Standing up for what you believe is right: United States of America Edward Snowden: "I had been looking for leaders, but I realized that leadership is about being the first to act." Snowden is a whistleblower who told the world about what the National Security Agency (NSA) was doing. He had to leave the USA and is now living in exile in Russia. Marikana, South Africa. These South African platinum miners went on strike in 2014. Many miners were injured by riot police during the strike, and some were even killed. The strike ended after five months when the miners were awarded an extra R1000 (about 55 English pounds) per month. Standing Rock, North Dakota, USA. During the autumn of 2016, these Native Americans protested against the "Dakota Access Pipeline", more commonly known as the "Black Snake Pipeline". They were concerned about their sacred burial grounds and their access to clean water, and faced stiff resistance from the American authorities. Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 11 av 16 Text 8 Katie, a mother of two, addresses the reader directly about her challenges in being good a citizen, or good person as she puts it, in Nick Hornby’s novel "How to be good": Listen: I’m not a bad person. I’m a doctor. One of the reasons I wanted to become a doctor was because I thought it would be a good – as in Good, rather than exciting or well-paid or glamorous – thing to do. I liked how it sounded: ‘I want to be a doctor’, ‘I’m training to be a doctor’, ‘I’m a GP in a small North London practice’. I thought it made me seem just right – professional, kind of brainy, not too flashy, respectable, mature, caring. You think doctors don’t care about how things look, because they’re doctors? Of course we do. Anyway. I’m a good person, a doctor, and I’m lying in a hotel bed with a man I don’t really know very well called Stephen, and I’ve just asked my husband for a divorce. In the following scene, Katie has moved back in with her family and is working hard at being good. She has invited Barmy* Brian, one of her desperately lonely, and very probably mentally ill patients, home for dinner. Her teenage son Tom, her husband David and her daughter Molly are all present. Molly suggests that the right thing to do is to have Brian come to live with their family: ‘Mum, can Brian come to live with us?’ ‘Thank you,’ says Brian. ‘I’d love that. It’s very lonely, where I am, because I don’t know anybody, and I don’t have anything to do. You could be my family. You could look after me like my mum used to do.’ ‘What happened to your mum?’ Molly asks. ‘Nothing,’ I snap, although even as I am snapping I realize that this is an inadequate answer, almost certainly provoked by panic. ‘She died,’ says Brian. ‘She said she wouldn’t, but she did.’ ‘That’s really sad,’ says Molly. ‘Isn’t it, Mum?’ ‘It is,’ I admit. ‘It’s very sad.’ ‘That’s why Brian should live here.’ ‘Thank you,’ says Brian. ‘I shall enjoy that.’ ‘Molly, Brian can’t live here.’ ‘He can, can’t he, Dad?’ says Molly. ‘We had Monkey living here for a while, Brian. So if we can have Monkey, we can have you.’ ‘I couldn’t live here just for a while,’ says Brian helpfully. ‘It would have to be for ever.’ ‘That’s OK,’ says Molly. ‘Isn’t it, Dad? For ever? That’s what we do here,’ says Molly. ‘It’s great. We look after poor people. We’re very good. Everyone thinks so.’ ‘I’m not poor,’ says Brian. ‘I’ve got some money.’ ‘You’re a different sort of poor,’ says Molly. Tom, who has been ominously quiet, stands up violently. The movement of his lower lip presages an explosion. ‘If he comes to live here...’ ‘Sit down, Tom,’ I tell him. ‘I’ll deal with it.’ ‘You won’t. Because Dad’ll tell you what to do, and then you’ll do it. And Dad’ll say...’ ‘Go and watch TV. Go on. Scram.’ Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 12 av 16 I am dimly aware that this is a defining moment in our family’s history. Not just because Barmy Brian might live with us until the day I die and possibly well beyond – and that would define us all right, rather like a chalk outline defines a murder victim – but because if we go the other way, if I tell Brian that he cannot live with us, then things might be different for us afterwards. ‘Molly, Brian... You can’t come to live here.’ ‘Why not?’ Molly asks. ‘Yes, why not?” Brian asks. ‘How come you’re allowed a family and I’m not?’ ‘Yeah,’ says Molly. ‘That’s not fair.’ She’s right, of course. It’s not fair. Love, it turns out, is as undemocratic as money, so it accumulates around people who have plenty of it already: the sane, the healthy, the lovable. I am loved by my children, my parents, my brother, my spouse, I suppose, my friends; Brian has none of these people, and never will, and much as we would like to spread it all around a little, we can’t. If ever anyone needed looking after in a household, it’s Brian and if Brian only knows one household and it happens to be ours, then we, surely, are the people who should offer him hospitality. I catch David’s eye: he knows that the path I am on is slippery, glacial, and that no one can step on it without sliding all the way to the bottom. ‘Molly, that’s enough. We’re not going to have this conversation in front of Brian. It’s rude. And it’s not something we can decide in two minutes.’ ‘I’ll wait,’ says Brian. ‘I’ve got nothing to do this evening.’ *Barmy – (Br. informal) Mad; crazy Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 13 av 16 Sources Text 1: Picture 1: Baudeville, Inc. (2000-2016) Baudeville. The place for daily recognition. Retrieved from: http://s7d2.scene7.com/is/image/Baudville/BV_73672_FRONT?hei=498&wid=498&o p_sharpen=1&resMode=sharp2 Picture 2: The Nobel Prize, (2016, October 13) @NobelPrize [tweet] Retrieved 19.02.2017 from: http://www.informationng.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Bob-Dylan.jpg Picture 3: Wikipedia, (n.d.) Soup Kitchen. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup_kitchen Picture 4: Sanchez, M. J. /AP. In Moore, E.F. (2016, September 26) Colin Keapernick, What His One Month of Protest Means. Rolling Stone. Retrieved from: http://www.rollingstone.com/sports/colin-kaepernicks-protest-one-month-laterw441926 Picture 5: GettyImages, Mullin, G. (2015, July 29) Leonardo DiCaprio picks up award for his environmental work… before spending a WEEK sailing round the Mediterranean on his luxury yacht. MailOnline. Retrieved from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article3177965/Leonardo-DiCaprio-picks-award-environmental-work-spending-WEEK-sailinground-Mediterranean-luxury-yacht.html Picture 6: Huffington Post (2017, February 9) Buffy Sainte-Marie "Concerned" About Trudeau, Says We Can "Survive" Trump. Retrieved from: http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/01/24/buffy-sainte-marieinterview_n_14268182.html Text 2: Job-Interview-Site.com (2009-2015) The Qualities of a Good Employee. Retrieved from: http://www.job-interview-site.com/the-qualities-of-a-good-employee.html [Adapted] Picture: Image of workers (n.d.), Retrieved from http://www.biotechms.com/images/workers.png Text 3: Shoebottom, P. (1996-2016) The Good Language Learner. Retrieved from: http://esl.fis.edu/parents/advice/good.htm [Adapted] Text 4: Utdanningsdirektoratet (2016) Text 5: Picture: Dargie, William (1956) Portrait of Albert Namatjira. Retrieved from: http://www.artistsfootsteps.com/html/Dargie_namatjira.htm Austin-Broos, D.J. (2009) Arrernte Present, Arrernte Past: Invasion, Violence, and Imagination in indigenous Central Australia University of Chicago Press Books Retrieved from: http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo5945818.html Australian Poetry Library, (n.d.) Namajira by Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Retrieved from: http://www.poetrylibrary.edu.au/poets/noonuccal-oodgeroo/namatjira-0771048 Biography Base (2015) Albert Namatjira Biography. Retrieved from: http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Namatjira_Albert.html Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 14 av 16 Medialaunch.com.au, (2000) The Artists, Albert Namatjira. A Biographical Outline, Retrieved from: http://www.artistsfootsteps.com/html/Namatjira_biography.htm National Museum of Australia, (2007-2014) Collaborating for Indigenous Rights, Albert Namatjira, Retrieved from: http://indigenousrights.net.au/people/pagination/albert_namatjira Utdanningsdirektoratet (2016) Wikipedia, (n.d.) Albert Namatjira – cite note -: 0-1. Retrieved 17.10.2016 from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Namatjira#cite_note-:0-1 Text 6: Saint-Marie, Buffy (2015) Sing Our Own Song. Retrieved from: http://buffysainte-marie.com/?page_id=1597#9 [Adapted] Text 7: Agence France Presse (AFP) (2014, March 5) Talks to end South African miners’ strike suspended. Retrieved from http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2014/03/talks-to-end-south-african-minersstrike-suspended/?doing_wp_cron=1479732289.7674329280853271484375 BrainyQuote (2001-2016) Edmund Burke Quotes. Retrieved from http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/e/edmundburk377528.html Groots, S. (2014, June 25) End of South Africa's platinum mine strike signals end of ANC domination. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/25/southafrica-platinum-miners-strike-anc Johansson, A. A. (2016, November 4) In Larsen, D. R. (2016, November 4). Samisk kirkeråd: – Vi ser med uro på utviklingen i Standing Rock. Retrieved from https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/samisk-kirkerad_-_-vi-ser-med-uro-pa-utviklingen-i-standingrock-1.13211110 Memmott, M. (2013, June 10) Who Is Edward Snowden, The Self-Styled NSA Leaker? Retrieved from: http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwoway/2013/06/10/190293209/who-is-edward-snowden-the-nsa-leaker Snyder, M. (2013, June 10) 27 Edward Snowden Quotes About U.S. Government Spying That Should Send A Chill Up Your Spine. Retrieved from http://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/27-edward-snowden-quotes-about-u-sgovernment-spying-that-should-send-a-chill-up-your-spine Utdanningsdirektoratet (2016) Text 8: Hornby, N. (2001) How to be good. London, England: Penguin Books, pp. 6 and pp. 231-232 Picture 1: Image of "How to be Good" book cover (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://images.grassets.com/books/1327935893l/4268.jpg Førebuing/Forberedelse ENG1002, ENG1003 Side 15 av 16 Schweigaards gate 15 Postboks 9359 Grønland 0135 OSLO Telefon 23 30 12 00 www.utdanningsdirektoratet.no
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