October 27, 2015
Skills Book
Section II:
Writing Strategies
Review & Key
October 27, 2015
Organization and Focus
(page 14-15)
Essays must be clear, easy to understand, and focused. It must have
a main idea with DETAILS that support it.
Details should be organized:
- in sequential or chronological order
- cause and effect
- compare and contrast
- order of importance
- geographic or location order
Always keep in mind AUDIENCE and PURPOSE.
Who are you writing for? Kids? Your teacher? A friend?
Are your writing to tell a story? To explain something? To persuade
someone?
October 27, 2015
Organization and Focus Key
Check your answers!
My Notes: notes will vary
1. Main Idea Statement:
There are several reasons for coyotes' ability to survive in
both wild and urban areas
2. Supporting Details:
Coyotes are smart
Can adapt
Have varied diet
Have keen senses
Can run quickly
Can multiply quickly
3. Purpose:
It is possible for humans and coyotes
to share the land.
October 27, 2015
Organization and Focus Key
Check your answers!
Chart It
1. Cause 1: Coyotes are smart and adapt to new places
2. Cause 2: Coyotes have a keen sense of smell, hearing
and sight, which allow them to easily find new sources
of food and recognize enemies when they are near.
3. Cause 3: Coyotes multiply quickly.
EFFECT: Coyotes live in all states but Hawaii and can
survive in wild and urban areas.
October 27, 2015
Organization and Focus Practice
Some people don't think that kids and teens can feel
stressed out. However, more and more, kids are dealing
with stress in many aspects of their lives.
As colleges and higher education gets more competitive,
kids feel pressured in school to do well. They also receive
more and more homework as schools are pressured to raise
their test scores.
Parents can also cause stress if they want their kids to
do too many things at once. For instance, playing multiple
sports, going to piano lessons, finishing homework, and still
finding time to relax and be a kid is almost impossible!
Results of too much pressure and stress on kids can be
negative. Stress can result in malnutrition, exhaustion,
lowered immune, and other physical and mental effects. In
the end, it seems like kids are just as susceptible to stress
as adults are!
answers
DIRECTIONS: What is the main idea? Cause and Effects?
main
that
out
Cause
too m
effec
lower
and m
October 27, 2015
Transitions
(page 16)
Transitions are words and phrases that show the connections in
writing.
Examples:
Danielle went to school and mom went to work.
Finally, it is winter break!
After a long day of school, I had a big ice cream sundae.
October 27, 2015
Transitions Key
Circle
1. after
2. finally
3. but
4. before
5. because
6. then
7. soon
8. later
9. as
(answers can vary)
1. because
2. Because or After
3. then or before
4. Before or After
5. Later or Then
October 27, 2015
Transitions Practice
In 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships and
about 240 men. They headed across the Atlantic Ocean,
encountering fierce storms. After three months, the ships
reached South America. The men enjoyed the sweet fruit
and the rest from the pounding ocean, but things soon
turned sour. Back at sea, they encountered more bad
weather and the sailors mutinied. As a result, Magellan
had them killed.
answers
Read the passage below and identify the transitions that
the writer uses to create unity:
In 1519
with fiv
headed
encoun
months
Americ
fruit an
ocean,
Back at
weathe
result,
October 27, 2015
Supporting Statements
(page 17-18)
Statements should be supported with anecdotes, descriptions, facts, and
examples.
Good writing includes strong supporting statements. Here are some ways
you can include these statements in your writing:
- An anecdote is a short story about an event of incident.
One time, I saw polar bears at the San Diego Zoo and they swam up to the
glass and pressed their huge paws against the window for us to see!
- A description tells how something looks, feels, or acts.
Their fur is thick and white so they can stay warm and blend into the snow.
- A fact is something known to be true.
Polar bears live only in colder climates. They break through the ice to fish in
the freezing ocean waters.
- An example is used to illustrate an idea.
For example, Polar bears are found in the Arctic region, where temperatures
have dropped to -90.4 degrees!
October 27, 2015
Supporting Statements
Key
1. C, fact
2. B, Sentence 8
3. C, the third paragraph
Write It: Can vary
October 27, 2015
Supporting Statements
1. Rather than attending school 180 days, as is the case
now, students will be in classes for at least 250 days,
resulting in more study time.
2. Students will be able to conduct longer experiments in
their science classes and practice more math problems.
3. The students at Horritt Middle School attend school
year round and are able to grow bean and tomato plants
for a year and study their growth cycles.
answers
Read these statements from an article discussing yearround schools. Which type of supporting statement are
each of the following?
October 27, 2015
Note Taking, Outlining, and Summarizing
(Page 19)
Taking notes is important in doing research before writing.
Taking notes involves writing down the most important ideas. It is
NOT necessary to write in complete sentences, as long as YOU
know what you are trying to say.
Notes can be taken in many different ways: lists, outline with
main points, etc.
Notes should summarize the material (important concepts are
written in shorter form).
October 27, 2015
Note Taking, Outlining, and Summarizing
Rewards of Baby-Sitting
I. Money
A. Independence
B. Clothes and Activities
C. Future
II. Child and Care Skills
A. Discipline
B. Safety
C. Entertainment
D. Mediation
E. Psychology
Write It: Answers vary
Make sure you have a topic sentence.
Make sure you include only the most important details.
October 27, 2015
Note Taking, Outlining, Summarizing Practice
After World War I, the German people were very angry:
the peace treaty was a great humiliation, there was no
money, and there was no work. In these bad times, an
unknown Austrian worked his way up to the position of
"Fuhrer" (leader) of an unimportant political party in
Munich. His name was Adolf Hitler; the party called itself
the NSDAP, and its followers were called "Nazi's." After
an unsuccessful attempt to take over the government,
Hitler was put in jail. There, he wrote his plans for world
domination in a book he called Mein Kampf or "My
Struggle." Hitler said that the German people were
"Aryans," the strongest and best race. All other races were
inferior, especially the Jews. whom he blamed for
everything that was wrong and for all German defeats.
answers
Read the paragraph below and write a summary:
After W
unhapp
like Hit
in polit
leader
jail wh
govern
Kampf
is whe
started
October 27, 2015
Research Skills (page 20-22)
When writing a research paper, begin by identifying
possible topics. Then, narrow down the topic by asking
questions you would like to have answered. Evaluate the
questions and use them to develop ideas through inquiry,
investigation, and research.
If your topic is to broad, you will have trouble focusing
your research. Keep your topic specific.
October 27, 2015
Research Skills
Key
Answers Can Vary
October 27, 2015
Research Skills
Key
Answers Can Vary
Topic
Final Idea
Relevant Information
1.
2.
3.
October 27, 2015
Research Skills Practice
Read the broad topic below & answer the questions:
Topic: The Statue of Liberty
2. Ask at least 4 questions about the topic.
3. Evaluate your questions. Write a sentence about how you
would direct your research.
answers
1. Narrow the topic.
Share a
October 27, 2015
Citing Sources (page 23-24)
A bibliography is included at the end of a report or paper to list all
the sources used for research.
References are in alphabetical order by the author's last name or by
the first important word in the title.
Details are important in a bibliography. Include publishers and dates.
If you don't know a part of the information, leave it out and go on to the
next part of the entry.
citing sources
October 27, 2015
Citing Sources Key
**Even though the directions in the packet don't say to, on lines two and
on, you should indent. Also, you should double space all entries.
Benchley, Peter. Shark Trouble. New York: Random House,
2002.
MacQuitty, Miranda, Dave King, and Frank Greenaway.
Eyewitness: Shark. New York: DK Publishing, Inc., 2000.
"The Secret Life of Sharks." Discover, June 1999: 54.
October 27, 2015
Citing Sources Key
**Even though the directions in the packet don't say to, on lines two and
on, you should indent. Also, you should double space all entries.
1.
Lauber, Patricia. Volcano: The Eruption and Healing of
Mount St. Helens. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.
2.
Katz, Jon. A Dog Year. New York: Villard Books, 2002.
3.
Stein, Joel. "It's a Dog's Life." Time, May 19, 2003: 60.
October 27, 2015
Citing Sources Practice
The Amazing Universe. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society,
1991.
Barton, Horace. "Human Cloning?" Newsweek 28 December 2004.
Infotrac, 18 March 2005. <http://infotrac.galegroup.com> .
Collins, Glenn. "Single Father Survey." New York Times 21 November
2000: 20.
Quammen, David. "Forest Giant." National Geographic Dec 2012: 73. Print.
1. What type of source is the last entry?
2. How are the sources arranged?
3. What punctuation is used around the title of an article?
4. What do you do if no author is listed?
answers
"Animal Rights." World Book Encyclopedia. 2004 edition.
1. mag
2. alp
3. in q
4. star
October 27, 2015
Revision (page 25)
You should always evaluate and revise your writing to make sure the
organization is logical and the words are precise.
Does the beginning state the TOPIC clearly?
Does the middle include SUPPORT for the topic?
Are the paragraphs in the right ORDER?
Is there a CONCLUSION?
Should any ideas be ADDED or TAKEN OUT?
Do any general words need to be replaced with SPECIFIC words?
October 27, 2015
Revision Key
Try It: Answers will vary.
1. C, Sentence 6
2. D, Sentence 7
3. A
October 27, 2015
There has been much controversy over whether students
should wear uniforms to school. The true fact of the matter
is that uniforms help parents save money and prevent
conflicts among students. For example, parents will save
money on buying their children's clothes and can spend their
money on other things. Also, many gang members wear
stuff that causes controversy.
1. What is the topic of this paragraph?
2. What are the supports for the topic?
3. What is wrong with the underlined part of sentence 2?
4. What word could you use replace "stuff" in the last sentence?
5. What is this paragraph missing?
answers
Revision Practice
1. sch
2. sav
3. too
4. tsh
5. a c
October 27, 2015
Latin and Greek Roots
Units 6-10
Corrections
October 27, 2015
Unit 6
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers may vary.
1. If you are observant during the tennis match, you will be able to see each play.
2. John gave Louis a liberal helping of vegetables because he was small for his age.
3. Many people feel that the solution to the problem of higher taxes is a flat tax.
4. Marcos believes in the preservation of historic buildings because they represent the past.
5. My sister is very conservative when it comes to spending money because she prefers to save her money.
6. We hoped that the passing car would be our deliverance, but instead it didn't stop to pick us up.
7. The principal placed new restrictions on the students because they had misbehaved in the past.
8. Because Barry's throat constricts when he eats peanuts or peanut butter, he cannot eat Reese's candies.
9. In order to liberate the citizens on the island, the soldiers allowed them onto navy ships.
10. The teacher said that certain things, like the speed of light, are absolutes because they cannot be changed.
October 27, 2015
Unit Six
Exercise II
1. liberate
2. constricted
3. deliverance
4. preservation
5. solution
6. observant
7. restriction
8. liberal
9. conservative
10. absolutes
October 27, 2015
Unit Six
Exercise III
1. B: liberate; constricted
2. A: liberal; conservative
3. D: solution; deliverance
4. D: absolute; preservation
5. A: observant; absolutes
October 27, 2015
Unit Six
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. If Julie is especially observant while she watches the football game, she may be able to guess the winner before the
game ends.
2. One restriction on teenagers you might remove if you were the mayor of your city is a curfew.
3. If your throat is constricted, you will probably feel lightheaded.
October 27, 2015
Unit Six
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. preservation
2. liberates
3. deliverance
Questions:
1. B: leaky faucets
2. B: when you are staying in an area only for a few months
3. C: Home ownership is beneficial
4. D: independence
October 27, 2015
Unit Six
Exercise VI
reserved: quiet, shy
strictures: rules
October 27, 2015
Unit Seven
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. Walter was apologetic about crashing the car because it truly was an accident.
2. Joseph does not subscribe to the president's ideas because they have different beliefs.
3. Because the asteroid may obliterate our entire town, we are feeling very nervous.
4. It is important to remember that the literal meaning of a word can be different from the understood meaning.
5. Tamara has written a biographical novel about the composer that will help readers understand the meaning of his music.
6. Researchers are studying the ancient manuscript in order to learn about that civilization's culture.
7. paul prepared a diagram of the car's engine for his students so they could understand how engines work.
8. The robot's creator has programmed it to turn off automatically each night.
9. In an effort to make the citizens of the country more literate, the government provided free education for children.
10. I believe that buying a new car would be illogical because my old car could still be fixed.
11. The professor used an analogy when discussing the Civil War to help his students see the parallels to present day.
12. While on vacation in Alaska, Samantha wrote a descriptive letter to her sister so that she could preserve memories of
her trip.
October 27, 2015
Unit Seven
Exercise II
1. apologetic
2. subsribed
3. obliterated
4. programmed
5. literate
6. manuscript
7. diagram
8. literal
9. biographical
10. illogical
11. analogy
12. descriptive
October 27, 2015
Unit Seven
Exercise III
1. C: descriptive; diagram
2. C: program; subscribe
3. B: literate; manuscript
4. C: literal; analogy
5. A: illogical; apologetic
October 27, 2015
Unit Seven
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. When the news claims the town was obliterated in only a few seconds, you might suspect there was a large
catastrophe.
2. If three-year-old Sharon believes everything in too literal a way, you probably shouldn't tell her that pigs fly.
3. One analogy that might help explain photosynthesis is like going to the grocery store.
October 27, 2015
Unit Seven
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. illogical
2. obliterate
Questions:
1. C: "Recreating the New Wold in Space"
2. D: reduce demands on Earth
3. B: Human colonization of Mars would allow the human species to survive longer.
4. B: the last sentences of the second paragraph
October 27, 2015
Unit Seven
Exercise VI
1. postscript: explanation after the poem
2. alliteration: tool of descriptive writing
October 27, 2015
Unit Eight
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. In order to make the difficult book more accesible to readers, the author provided study materials for students.
2. Water could not course through the hose because the nozzle was blocked.
3. The procession of funeral-goers started at the funeral home because the were walking to the grave site.
4. Jay's ambition is to be student body president because he wants to work in politics when he grows up.
5. The country's currency had lost some of its value because there were economic problems.
6. Darlene does not wish to transgress the school rules.
7. The disappearance of the rain forest has not been gradual, but has been very sudden.
8. Doctors followed the progression of the patient's disease by performing regular CAT scans.
9. When Mike learned that there had been an occurrence of water poisoning in his town, he spread information to keep
people safe.
10. While the package was in transit, some of its contents were broken.
11. Justin had recurrent headaches that caused him a lot of pain.
12. Our class had a succession of substitute teachers because our teacher was very sick.
October 27, 2015
Unit Eight
Exercise II
1. accessible
2. gradual
3. currency
4. course
5. transit
6. occurrence
7. progression
8. succession
9. transgressed
10. ambitions
11. recurrent
12. procession
October 27, 2015
Unit Eight
Exercise III
1. B: accessible; recurrent
2. D: succession; gradual
3. A procession; transit
4. C: ambition; transgress
5. B: progression; coursed
October 27, 2015
Unit Eight
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. If Morgan notices a gradual increase in the temperature outside, he could believe that Summer is approaching.
2. If the president declares that all Federal buildings should be accessible to wheelchairs, then this law must be followed.
3. If the criminal makes a progression from burglary to assault, police might infer that he is becoming more dangerous.
October 27, 2015
Unit Eight
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. accessible
2. gradual
Questions:
1. D: Both B and C
2. A: wait on tables
3. D: All of the above
4. D: It is impossible to tell from the passage
5. C: persuasive
October 27, 2015
Unit Eight
Exercise VI
1. exceeded: gone over
2. excursion: outdoor experience
October 27, 2015
Unit Nine
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. The soldiers decided to fortify the outside wall of the castle by building another layer of stone.
2. We were unable to validate the witness's account of the robbery because he kept changing his story.
3. When her theory was proven invalid, Melissa said that she would review the evidence.
4. The house may disintegrate under the heavy rain if the owners do not get a new roof.
5. The skater's effortless performance made audience members.
6. The elephants in the zoo were infirm as a result of moldy peanuts.
7. Noah was known as a man of great integrity in the office because he was always honest.
8. The company's newsletter proved to be invaluable when people needed to know their vacation dates.
9. When Jackie made an affirmative statement about the size of the fish, Frank thanked her for the compliment.
10. The weatherman confirmed our fears about rain on the day of the picnic, so we rescheduled our plans.
11. The software company will try to integrate its old product with its new developments.
12. The fortitude with which Jake faced his surgery showed us that he is a very brave young man.
12. The committee will evaluate the Mayor's plan and tell us what decisions will be made.
October 27, 2015
Unit Nine
Exercise II
1. invaluable
2. confirm
3. disintegrate
4. fortify
5. effortless
6. integrating
7. affirmative
8. invalid
9. integrity
10. validate
11. infirm
12. fortitude
13. evaluate
October 27, 2015
Unit Nine
Exercise III
1. D: integrity; invaluable
2. B: infirm; invalid
3. B: validate; confirm
4. A: effortless; integrate
5. D: fortify; disintegrate
October 27, 2015
Unit Nine
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. If Paulie feels his baseball card collection is invaluable, he might keep it as he grows up instead of selling it.
2. The government wants airplane makers to fortify their planes agains hijackers by enforcing strict regulations.
3. Because Theo won the race effortlessly, the fans might guess that he is a natural athlete.
October 27, 2015
Unit Nine
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. evaluate
2. integrate
3. disintegration
4. invaluable
Questions:
1. A: "Scuba Diving for Fun and Profit."
2. C: A career in scuba diving can satisfy any adventure-seekers desires.
3. A: Scuba diving is safe up to a depth of six hundred feet.
4. D: Equipment not washed in this way will fall apart sooner.
October 27, 2015
Unit Nine
Exercise VI
1. prevail: win
2. forte: strength
October 27, 2015
Unit Ten
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. Bill got a reputation for being an honest man when he returned the money he found in the store.
2. The reporter who broke the story about the chickens was discredited by witness statements.
3. Arthur felt confident that he could win the track meet because he practiced each afternoon.
4. I often had the sensation that I was flying or gliding when I was inside an elevator.
5. Reginald said that the storm had been incredible because it was like nothing he'd seen before.
6. Olivia is my confidante, so I often tell her my secrets.
7. All the men on the ship lived and died by the same creed because they believed in the same honor code.
8. Angie was always sentimental when it came to weddings because she believes in true love.
9. Because Janet was not very sensible when it came to money, she could not pay her bills.
10. In order to compute the budget for this year, the accountant gathered records from all of his purchases.
October 27, 2015
Unit Ten
Exercise II
1. reputation
2. compute
3. incredible
4. confidante
5. sensible
6. sensation
7. confident
8. sentimental
9. creed
10. discredited
October 27, 2015
Unit Ten
Exercise III
1. A: reputation; discredit
2. D: confident; sensible
3. B: confidante; computed
4. A: incredible; sensation
5. D: creed; sentimental
October 27, 2015
Unit Ten
Exercise IV
In the paragraphs:
1. confident
2. discredited
3. incredible
Questions:
1. A: They value the sanctity of life.
2. B: The death penalty is wrong and should be eliminated.
3. B: The Injustice of the Death Penalty
4. A: Citizens fail to see the horror of murder when the state permits death sentences.
October 27, 2015
Unit Ten
Exercise VI
1. dispute: conflict
2. infidel: non-believer