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Main Ideas
1. We should strive to take an ______________ based,
______________ approach to spelling and vocabulary
development.
2. Our reading focus should be in deriving __________
from text. Pronunciation is a means to this end.
3. English ____________ really does make sense!
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Laying the Foundation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
History of the English language
Online resources to bookmark
Terminology
Spelling change rules for suffixing
Word sums
Laying the Foundation
1.
History of the English language
Old English (Germanic)
Latin (and French)
Greek
good resource is Vocabulary Through Morphemes by
Susan Ebbers
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Laying the Foundation
2.
Online resources
http://www.etymonline.com/ (call it Etymology)
-- more detailed word origins than dictionary
http://www.neilramsden.co.uk/spelling/searcher/inde
x.html (call it Word Searcher)
-- possible derivatives of a morpheme (word part)
You have to check the meanings to be sure.
http://www.neilramsden.co.uk/spelling/matrix/
Laying the Foundation
3. Terminology
Morpheme-smallest meaning unit of a
word that cannot be divided (ex. log)
Different than a stem (ex. ology)
Two main types
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Major Terms
Morphemes
Affixes
Free
suffix
Connective
_________
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Precise Terminology &
Points to Remember
Base vs.
_________________
Old English vs.
__________
______________________
morphemes…don’t say them as words
BEWARE: Many resources use incorrect
terminology ex. –tion as suffix when it is really
______ (the t is part of the base)
Use the term ________ as opposed to accent
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Spelling Change Rules for Suffixes
1. ___________ single, final, non-syllabic e before a vowel suffix.
Ex. fine + ing > fining
Ex. fine + ly > finely
2. ____________ Cy to I when adding any suffix except i-suffixes.
Ex. bury + al > burial
Ex. bury + ing > burying
3. ____________ final consonant in stressed C-V-C syllable when adding a
vowel suffix.
Ex. defer + ed > deferred
Ex. defer + ment > deferment
Laying the Foundation
5.
Word Sums- How is the word built?
non + _______________ + ic + al nonsensical
_______ + _____________ + _____ consensus
_______ + ____ + ___________ + _______neonatal
______________________________________ naturalization
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Two Approaches
1. ___________ inquiry
ex. word: perinatal
2. _______________ inquiry (usually base or
prefix since suffixes determine part of
speech)
ex. prefix: peri-
1. Word Inquiry Approach
________________
________________
_______________
_________________
What does it mean?
How is it built?
What words are its relatives?
How is it pronounced?
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word: impetuous
Meaning: ____________________________________
phrase: “ _____________________________”
sentence ____________________________________
_____________________________________________
Structure: word sum ________________________
base meaning = _________________
Relatives: ____________________________________
Pronunciation: ________________________________
word: benediction
Meaning: ____________________________________
phrase: “ _________________________”
sentence ____________________________________
____________________________________________
Structure: word sum __________________________
base meaning =_______________________________
Relatives: ____________________________________
Pronunciation: ________________________________
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2. ______________ Inquiry
Approach
Meaning
Origin
Relatives
Pronunciation
What does it mean?
What are its roots?
What words use it?
How is it pronounced in
various words?
Teaching Prefixes
Use the word “meaning” very loosely with
prefixes. It gives more of a “____________” or
“force” on the base, not always literal.
Some prefixes have ____________ meanings.
Ex. in- may mean into or not.
Some prefixes ______________ to “fit in” with
the pronunciation of the base so their spelling
may be variable. Ex. in- may change to imwith bases beginning with p such as impolite
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Teaching Bases
Some are ___________. Ex. aud means
hear or listen
Some are ____________, such as twins,
triplets, or quads which come from
related roots. Ex. curr; curs come from
the Latin roots currere and cursus
meaning run.
twin bases: pend; pense
Meaning: __________________________________________
Origin/Roots: _______________________________________
Word Relatives with their connected meanings:
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
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twin bases: flex; flect
Meaning:
________________________________________________
Origin/Roots:
________________________________________________
Word Relatives with their connected meanings:
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Word: _____________________
Meaning: ____________________________________
phrase: “ _________________________”
sentence ____________________________________
____________________________________________
Structure: word sum __________________________
base meaning _______________________________
Relatives: ____________________________________
Pronunciation: ________________________________
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Base(s):___________________
Meaning:
_______________________________________________
Origin/Roots:
_______________________________________________
Word Relatives with their connected meanings:
_______________________________________________
________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
More practice with word
sums and morphemes
Base = _______________________________
origin/meaning = ______________________________________
Word Sum = _______________________ ___________________
Word Sum = _______________________ ___________________
Word Sum = _______________________ ___________________
Word Sum = _______________________ ___________________
Word Sum = _______________________ ___________________
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Word Sums with Parts of Speech
and Literal Meanings
Ex. de + sist + ing desisting -- verb meaning standing down
1. re + sist + ed _________________ -- _____ meaning
_________________
2. inter + rupt + ing ________________-- _____ meaning
________________
3. ____ + _______ + _______ portable -- ______ meaning
________________
4. ____ + _______ + _______ dejected -- ______ meaning
________________
5. re + press + ing __________________-- ______ meaning _______________
Summary Questions
1. Should we strive to take an integrated and
investigative approach to spelling, vocabulary, and
pronunciation using morphology?
2. Which should take precedence, the meaning or
pronunciation of a word?
3. Does English spelling really make sense?
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