KEMIRA MEMBRANE PROGRAM
EFFICIENT WATER TREATMENT
WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
TRANSFORMING RAW WATER
INTO DRINKING WATER
SEAWATER DESALINATION
Drinking water is a scarce resource in many parts
of the world. In areas where natural groundwater
or surface water cannot meet demand, seawater
is desalted and processed into drinking water and
process water.
Seawater is characterized by a relatively high
content of dissolved salts: 3-5% Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS). To make the water drinkable, the
main salt components, sodium and chloride,
must be removed by using a special membrane
technology called Reverse Osmosis (RO). Due to
super saturating of salts in brine, mineral scale can
form on the membrane surface. This increases the
operational costs of the plant, reduces both the
quality and quantity of the permeate, and leads to
frequent plant shutdowns for maintenance.
WASTEWATER REUSE
Today, agriculture is one of the largest industrial
consumers of water in the world. The growing
world population will further increase this demand.
Therefore, there is a need to find new ways to
conserve water resources, especially in countries
with water shortages.
The reuse of wastewater for irrigation is a
promising alternative. Membrane technology can
help in removing pathogens from the wastewater
or in eliminating the particles remaining due to an
insufficient cleaning performance.
In general, where a high proportion of undissolved
solids can be found in raw water, special efforts must
be taken to remove them effectively, prior to the
membranes. This ensures keeping the plant capacity
at an invariably high level, and avoids fouling.
BRACKISH OR INLAND WATER DESALINATION
Brackish or river water is used to produce drinking
water, when the distance to pure seawater is too far
or the coastal area is interrupted by a river delta.
Brackish water is a mixture of river and seawater,
with a lower salinity than pure seawater at 0,05-3%
TDS. In addition to sodium and chloride, brackish
water can also include other elements, such as
silicates and iron, depending on its origin. These can
form persistent deposits.
HOW MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY DIFFERS
CUT-OFFS OF DIFFERENT LIQUID FILTRATION TECHNIQUES
Angstroms
logarithmic
scaled
Size ratio of
substances to
be separated
10
1
102
Viruses
104
Bacteria
Sugar
105
106
Yeast
107
Sand
Pollen
Dissolved salts
Pyrogens
Atomic
radius
Separating process
103
Reverse
osmosis
Albumin
(66 kD)
Human hair
Red blood cells
Ultrafiltration
Nanofiltration
Particle filtration
Microfiltration
OUR PRODUCT OFFERING
Kemira is the only manufacturer to produce a combination of coagulants, flocculants, antiscalants,
cleaners and biocides, and is therefore able to offer a holistic, cost-effective membrane program for
desalination plants.
PRETREATMENT: COAGULANTS AND FLOCCULANTS
PRODUCT LINE
PRODUCT RANGE
CHEMISTRY
FORM
Kemira PAX
Polyaluminum Chloride, Aluminum Chloro Hydrate
Liquid
Kemira ALG, ALK
Aluminum Sulfate
Dry
Kemira PIX
Ferric Sulfate, Ferric Chloride
Liquid
Kemira Ferix
Ferric Sulfate
Dry
Organic Coagulants
Superfloc
PolyDadmacs, Polyamines
Liquid
Flocculants
Superfloc
Polymers (anionic, cationic, nonionic)
Dry and liquid
Inorganic Coagulants
SCALE CONTROL: ANTISCALANTS
Type of
scale
CaCO3
CaSO4
SrSO4/
BaSO4
Ca3(PO4)2
Silica /
Silicate
Colloid
dispersion
property
Fe
Al
Mn
Catolerance
Indicated
applications
KemGuard 5800
+
++
+++
-
-
++
++
++
++
++
SWRO, NF
KemGuard 5804 E
++
+++
++
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
SWRO, BWRO, NF
KemGuard 5811
++
+++
++
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
SWRO, BWRO, NF
KemGuard 5835
++
+++
++
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
SWRO, BWRO, NF
KemGuard 5840
+
+
+
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
SWRO, BWRO, RRO, NF
KemGuard 5876
++
+++
++
-
-
++
+
+
+
+
SWRO, BWRO, RRO, NF
KemGuard 5853
+
++
+++
-
-
++
++
++
++
++
SWRO, NF
KemGuard 5892*
++
+++
++
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
SWRO, BWRO, NF
KemGuard PA-100
+++
++
+
-
-
+
++
++
-
+
SWRO, BWRO, NF
KemGuard PA-105
+++
++
+
-
-
+
++
++
-
+
SWRO, BWRO, NF
KemGuard PB 10211
+++
+++
++
-
-
+
++
++
+
+
SWRO, BWRO, NF
KemGuard PB 20412
+++
++
+
++
+++
+++
+++
++
+++
+++
SWRO, BWRO, RRO, NF
Products
* Biodegredable antiscalant
+++ Excellent ++Good +Fair -Not recommended
SWRO: Sea Water Reverse Osmosis | BWRO: Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis | RRO: Reuse Reverse Osmosis | NF: Nano Filtration
Membrane cleaning and biofilm/slime control is a vital part of the membrane-efficiency maintenance
program. For membrane cleaning, preservation and disinfection, Kemira offers a full range of our KemClear
and Fennocide series of products. KemClear products are specialized cleaner formulations designed to
remove organic and inorganic foulants and restore performance in all types of membrane applications.
The Fennocide range of biocides are designed to reduce biogrowth on membrane surfaces and other
equipment in pretreatment systems (e.g. water storage tanks, sand and activated carbon filters, cartridge
filters etc) .These cleaners and biocides have been tested for membrane compatibility in our research
laboratories. Biocides can be used offline or online depending on the application, system requirement and
end use of treated water. Please verify regulatory requirements before biocide use.
BIOCIDES & CLEANERS
PRODUCTS
CHEMISTRY
APPLICATION
KemClear 2102
Acidic liquid cleaner
Inorganic scales, metal oxides and hydroxides
KemClear 2185
Concentrated acidic liquid cleaner
Inorganic scales, metal oxides and hydroxides
KemClear 2201
Alkaline liquid cleaner
Organics, colloids, biological fouling
KemClear 2202
Alkaline liquid cleaner with chelating action
Organics, colloids, biological, inorganic scales including sulphates, silica and silicates
KemClear 2207
Multipurpose powdered alkaline cleaners
based on alkaline powder formulation
Organic, biological fouling, metal oxides, silica and silicate scales, metal oxides and hydroxides
Fennocide R20
Non-oxidizing biocide -DBNPA
Membrane biocide and preservative
Fennocide TR44
Kemira patented technology based on
Target release DBNPA
Membrane biocide and preservative with target release feature, facilitates biocide release at
biofilm bulk water interface to ensure maximum efficiency at optimum dosage.
Fennocide IT21
Non-oxidizing biocide –Isothiazoline
Membrane biocide and preservative
TECHNICAL & SITE SUPPORT SERVICES
In-depth analysis
Membrane system and pretreatment stages based on site survey, membrane autopsy and analytical service for chemical and microbiological
analysis of water/deposit/filtration media samples.
Mobile membrane pilot and pretreatment units
20-foot and 40-foot sea containers for product qualification trial and
optimization of treatment program before implementation to actual
system. Designed for low and high salinity feed (from 0.5 g/l to 80 g/l).
Application expertise
Profound product assessment and recommendation for both, pretreatment and scale-control, due to wide chemistry knowledge. Continuous
treatment program optimization and troubleshooting.
Dedicated software
for scaling tendency projection for RO-applications. The software evaluates the scaling tendency using a powerful ion association model and
calculates suitable dosage rates for antiscalants accordingly.
EFFICIENT WATER TREATMENT
WITH A BROAD RANGE OF CHEMISTRY
We optimize the water cycle with a unique
combination of chemistry and expertise. Our
portfolio stands out with its range of coagulants,
flocculants, antiscalants, biocides, cleaners and
technical support service capabilities. Our expertise
reaches every stage of water management.
PRETREATMENT ENSURES EFFICIENCY
Keeping the membrane surface clean from organic
and inorganic fouling is critical. This helps avoid a
serious drop in flux, salt rejection and ultimately a
complete shutdown for time and labor-consuming
membrane cleaning.
Suspended solids,colloids and organics must be
removed and water pretreated in order for fouling
not to affect membranes or enhance scaling by
providing surface for crystal growth.
SCALE CONTROL EXTENDS THE MEMBRANE LIFE
The Kemira KemGuard® product range includes
polymeric antiscalants and specialized
multifunctional formulations designed to inhibit
mineral scale precipitation (e.g. calcium carbonate,
calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, barium sulfate,
silica and silicate) and disperse suspended /
colloidal impurities encountered in brackish sea
and water application re-use.
Proper scale control ensures a cleaner system
and ultimately increases the longevity of both
membranes and the equipment. Our KemGuard®
products are fully compatible with both the
membranes and the chemicals used in water pretreatment. All our products intended for potable
water treatment are certified by NSF and meet
UNE, or similar local regulations.
BENEFITS OF THE KEMIRA
MEMBRANE PROGRAM
·· Optimized solution for both pretreatment
and membrane process
·· Extended membrane lifetime
·· Improved recovery
·· Reduced cleaning frequency
·· Reduced total cost of operations
·· Reduced plant interruptions and
downtime
[email protected]
www.kemira.com
Kemira makes this information available as an accommodation to its customers and it is intended to be solely a guide in customer’s evaluation of the products. You must test our products,
to determine if they are suitable for your intended uses and applications, as well as from the health, safety and environmental standpoint. You must also instruct your employees, agents,
contractors, customers or any third party which may be exposed to the products about all applicable precautions. All information and technical assistance is given without warranty or
guarantee and is subject to change without notice. You assume full liability and responsibility for compliance with all information and precautions, and with all laws, statutes, ordinances
and regulations of any governmental authority applicable to the processing, transportation, delivery, unloading, discharge, storage, handling, sale and use of each product. Nothing herein
shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with patents covering any material or its use.
KemGuard is a trademark or registered trademark of Kemira Oyj or its subsidiaries.
09/2016