Food and Nutrients KICS Science Fall 2016 What is Food? Food is anything we eat and digest that we use for growth, repair of damage, and as an energy source. The energy is needed for: A. Growth & repair B. Moving C. Breathing, Heartbeat, Digestion, Thinking D. Keeping warm Key Vocabulary Grow Repair Energy Nutrients Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Precipitate Vitamins Minerals Water Fibre Absorb Digestion Faeces Enzymes Food Discussion What is a panda’s favourite food? How much of this food does a panda eat in one day? What is your favourite food? Could you survive ONLY on this? Define “Balanced Diet” Balanced Diet A balanced diet consists of 7 nutrients: 1. Carbohydrates for energy (2 types: sugar & starch) 2. Fats for energy - Examples? 3. Proteins for growth & repair - Examples? 4. Minerals - Ex. Calcium, Iron, ??? 5. Vitamins - Ex. Vitamin C, ??? 6. Fibre for helping digestion - Examples? 7. Water - We are what percentage water? Why is it important? Superfoods Define “Superfoods” What makes a food “super”? What are some examples of “superfoods” Create a list and compare with mine! Superfoods Olive Oil Blueberries Yoghurt Broccoli Spinach Tomatoes Apples Salmon Sweet Potatoes Almonds Berries Citrus fruits Garlic Nuts Oats Turkey Baked Beans Wholegrain Bread Tea Bananas Enzymes Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living things. Great…so what is a catalyst? Enzymes in YOU! Starch is broken down by enzymes called amylases. These are found in saliva and pancreatic juice. Amylases break down STARCH to GLUCOSE. Enzymes in YOU Protein is broken down by enzymes called proteases. They are found in gastric juice and pancreatic juice. Proteases break down PROTEINS into AMINO ACIDS. Enzymes in YOU Fats are broken down by enzymes called lipase. They are found in pancreatic juice. Fat digestion is helped by bile. Lipases break down FATS into FATTY ACIDS and GLYCEROL. Excess Food Excess glucose —> glycogen stored in liver and muscles. Can be converted back to glucose. Excess fat —> stored under skin and around organs. Broken down only when we run out of glycogen. Excess protein —> cannot be stored. Broken down and becomes part of urine.
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