National Policy on HIA
and Mobilization
Myanmar
Occupational and Environmental Health Division
Department of Public Health
Ministry of Health
1. Basic Country Data
Geographic Data
-
Total area: 261,969 sq mi (678,500 sq km)
Land area: 253,954 sq mi (657,741 sq km)
-
Location:
Myanmar
Thailand/Cambodia
occupies
portion
the
of
the
Indochinese peninsula. India lies to the
northwest and China to the northeast.
Bangladesh, Laos, and Thailand are also
neighbors. The Bay of Bengal touches the
southwest coast.
Demographic Data (a/c to Population and housing census
2014)
- Population : 51,419,420
- Growth Rate: 0.89 %
- Crude Birth Rate: 15.8/1000 (Urban), 17.2/1000 (Rural)
- Infant Mortality Rate: 62/1000 LB
- Under Five Mortality Rate: 72/1000 LB
- Life expectancy: 66.8
- Population Density : 76.1 population per square kilometer
- Literacy Rate: 89.5%
Socioeconomic Data
Per Capita GDP ----- U.S. $1,700
Largest City is Yangon, 7.36 million
Other large cities: Mandalay, 6.15 million; Nay Pyi Taw
1.16 million (Capital)
2. Policy Structure related to HIA and EIA
EIA
- Include in the Section 42 of the Environmental Conservation Law,
under
Ministry
of
Natural
Resources
and
Environmental
Conservation
HIA
- No guidelines for HIA
- TWG (HIA) was formed in last month at NEHAP
(National
Environmental Health Action Plan) meeting.
- In EIA procedure under Environmental Conservation Law, state that
description of the surrounding environment need public health
components (Mortality and morbidity, occurrence of disease,
accidents and injuries and social health determinants).
3. HIA Process
3. HIA Process
-
HIA was done with reference of IFC and ICMM
-
For license --- No criteria for consultants
-
Our department done
-
Environmental monitoring - Air quality, Water quality
-
Medical monitoring - Health assessment of the
workers (Periodic medical examination)
-
Workplace Assessment - Air quality, Waste and Water
quality, Heat Stress and Light, Noise level
4. National Guidelines on HIA
4. National Guidelines on HIA
- Recently start to prepare for National HIA guidelines and
demonstration project with the help of ADB.
5. Applying the HIA on Crosscutting Issues
Crosscutting Issues
- Communicable disease -
HIV, Vector Born Diseases
and TB
Non-Communicable disease - CVD, Respiratory
disease
Environmental Health- Effect of Climate change on
health
Water Sanitation and Hygiene
Injury
Nutritional Problems
*Vertical Programmes under Ministry of Health and
Sports
*Collaboration between Programmes but only focusing on
specific disease, not link to HIA.
6. Capacity Building
Lecture for Post Graduated Students
-
HIA and EIA course in Occupational and Environmental
Health curriculum at University of Public Health and
Master of Preventive and Tropical Medicine.
-
No specific training related to EIA and HIA.
1. CNICO Ferro-nickel Factory
- Workplace and Environmental monitoring – Air quality
monitoring, Waste Water and Soil quality monitoring, Sound
level, Heat Stress
- Medical monitoring of the workers- Physical Examination,
Chest X-ray, Biomarker survey among the workers
2. Pesticide Factory
-
Workplace and Environmental monitoring – Air quality
monitoring (cannot identify the pesticide % in the total dust),
Waste Water quality monitoring
-
Medical monitoring of the workers- Physical
Biomarker survey among the workers
Examination,
7. Challenges and Solutions to Strengthen HIA
Related to Policies
Challenges Related to Policy
1. National Procedure and Guidelines on HIA
2. List of projects that need HIA in EIA procedure
3. Training modules for HIA and training materials
4. Criteria for the HIA consultants and monitoring firms
Challenges Related to Capacity Building
1. Training related to HIA not only to the students but also
to the non-health agencies who want to do HIA.
2. Training to the consultants and monitoring firms.
3. Training to the review team members of the HIA.
4. Training materials (tools, manuals, guidelines,
IEC material).
5. TOT training to the health personals.
Challenges Related to Monitoring
1. Need to upgrade the existing environmental toxicological
lab as the Reference lab.
2. Technical support to the Lab technician.
- Among 51 millions, the health of the workers (21 million)
are covered
by our occupational and environmental
department.
- But when we can done HIA effectively, the health of 51
millions people can be covered.