SELECTIVE BREEDING OF TILAPIA:
STATUS AND PROSPECTS
Jø rn T ho de se n, M o r te n R ye , Carlo s Lo zano ,
S e rgio Ve la Avit úa, Harr y J o hanse n,
Hideyo shi S e govia* , J o se Osp ina*
*Spring Genetics
FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza Brazil
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
THE “GIFT-PROJECT” (1988-98)
o technology transfer to genetically improve
Nile tilapia, the Philippines
o technical support from AKVAFORSK
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
RESULTS FROM THE GIFT PROJECT
o demonstrated the great potential of
selective breeding!
o genetically improved GIFT tilapia
(G5: 88% larger harvest weight)
o GIFT technology
(synchronized family production)
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
TILAPIA BREEDING PROGRAMS
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
TRAITS IN THE BREEDING OBJECTIVES
o Production efficiency
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G rowt h
S ur vival
(Fe e d ut ilization)
(F ille t yie ld)
o Robustness
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G rowt h/sur vival in dif fe re nt e nviro nme nts
Enviro nme ntal challe nge te st s (te mp e rature , salinit y)
S p e cific dise ase to le rance /resistance
o Product quality
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E xternal co lo r
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
CURRENT STATUS
o Progift Aquaculture, China
o Manit Farm, Thailand
o Spring Genetics, US
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
PROGIFT AQUACULTURE, CHINA
o Nile tilapia (2004, G12)
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base: GIFT (Vietnam)
o Blue tilapia (2007, G8)
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base: Chinese & Vietnamese (US) stocks
o Red tilapia (2008, G5)
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base: Chinese, Ecuadorian & Colombian stocks
SELECTION RESPONSE - GROWTH
Progift Nile (G12): +130%
Progift Blue (G8): +140%
Progift Red (G5): + 70%
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
IMPLICATIONS OF FASTER GROWTH
12th generation
Body weight, kg
1.5
6th generation
1.0
Photo : H. Segovia
Base population
0.5
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
Months
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
5
6
7
8
MANIT FARM, THAILAND
o Nile tilapia (2008, G9)
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base: Thai stocks (some originated from GIFT)
o Red tilapia (2008, G9)
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base: Thai & Latin - American stocks
o Strong focus on improving the robustness
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t e s t i n g i n d i f fe r e n t g r o w - o u t e n v i r o n m e n t s
salinity challenge -tests
SELECTION RESPONSES – MANIT SUPER BLACK
Harvest weight
Survival
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
EXTERNAL COLOR – MANIT SUPER RED
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
SPRING GENETICS, US
o Nile tilapia (2010, G4)
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base GIFT (Vietnam → Nicaragua)
o “State of the art” tilapia breeding program
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building on our Asian experience
o Strong focus on improving the robustness
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r e s i s t a n c e / t o l e r a n c e S t r e p to c o c c u s s p .
PROSPECTS OF FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
o Breeding objective
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Specific resistance/tolerance to diseases
o Selective breeding technology
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MAS (based on QTL)
Genomic selection (use of medium density SNP micro-assay/chip)
o Testing and phenotypic recording
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
CHALLENGE - STREPTOCOCCUS
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
STREPTOCOCCUS RESISTANCE/TOLERANCE
h2 (bin) = 0.52 ± 0.12
rG = - 0.30 ± 0.19
h2 (bin) = 0.38 ± 0.11
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
EFFECT OF SELECTION – S. INIAE
Shoemaker et al., 2017
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION (MAS)
o Advantage: individual selection for “family-traits”
o IPN-QTL (in Atlantic salmon)
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unique example – “easy” MAS
explained ~90% of genetic variation
o MAS for PD (in Atlantic salmon)
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uses >40 informative SNPs
explains <15% of genetic variation
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
GENOMIC SELECTION
o MAS for polygenic traits requires many markers!
o Alternatively, select based on genomic breeding values
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trace all segments of the genome with SNP markers
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divide genome into chromosome segments (based on marker inter vals)
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predict genomic breeding values
( a s t h e s u m o f e f fe c t s o v e r a l l c h r o m o s o m e s e g m e n t s )
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
RECORDING OF PHENOTYPIC DATA
o Selective breeding requires high-quality phenotypic data!
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more advanced tools for genetic analyses cannot compensate for poorly
recorded data
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even more impor tant for genomic selection (used as “training population”)
o Should develop new technologies and test regimes
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d i r e c t s e l e c t i o n f o r b e t t e r fe e d e f f i c i e n c y ?
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)
THANKS!
Contact:
[email protected]
Selective breeding of tilapia: status and prospects (FENACAM 2016, Fortaleza)