Northeastern Geoscience
Volume32
MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY
AND BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS
FOR SOILS IN CONNECTICUT
Craig J. Brown1 and Margaret A. Thomas2
1 - U.S. Geological Survey New England Water Science Center, 101 Pitkin Street, East Hartford, CT 06108
2 - Connecticut Geological Survey, Department of Energy & Environmental Protection, 79 Elm Street, Hartford, CT 06106
ABSTRACT: Soil samples were collected throughout Connecticut (CT) to determine the relationship of soil
chemistry with the underlying geology and to better understand background concentrations of major and trace
elements in soils. Soil samples were collected (1) from the upper 5 cm of surficial soil at 100 sites, (2) from the
A horizon at 86 of these sites, and (3) from the deeper horizon, typically the C horizon, at 79 of these sites. The
<2-millimeter fraction of each sample was analyzed for 44 elements by methods that yield the total or near-total
elemental content. Sample sites were characterized by glacial setting, underlying bedrock geology, and soil type.
These spatial data were used with element concentrations in the C-horizon to relate geologic factors to soil
chemistry.
Concentrations of elements in C-horizon soils varied with grain size in surficial glacial materials and with
underlying rock types, as determined using nonparametric statistical procedures. Concentrations of most elements
in C-horizon soils showed a positive correlation with silt and (or) clay content and were higher in surficial materials
mapped as till, thick till, and (or) fines. Element concentrations in C-horizon soils showed significant differences
among the underlying geologic provinces and were highest overlying the Grenville Belt and (or) the Grenville Shelf
Sequence Provinces in western CT. These rocks consist mainly of carbonates and the relatively high element
concentrations in overlying soils likely result from less influence of dilution by quartz compared to other provinces.
Element concentrations in C-horizon soils in CT were compared with those in samples from other New England
states overlying similar lithologic bedrock types. The upper range of As concentrations in C-horizon soils
overlying the New Hampshire-Maine (NH-ME) Sequence in CT was 15 mg/kg, lower than the upper range of 24
mg/kg in C-horizon soils overlying the same sequence in ME. In CT, U concentration means were significantly
higher in C-horizon soils overlying Avalonian granites, and U concentrations ranged as high as 14 mg/kg,
compared to those in C-horizon soil samples collected from other New England states, which ranged as high as 6.1
mg/kg in a sample in NH overlying the NH-ME Sequence.
Element concentrations in C-horizon soils in CT were compared with those in samples collected from shallower
depths. Concentrations of most major elements were highest in C-horizon soil samples, including Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na,
and Ti, but element concentrations showed a relatively similar pattern in A-horizon and surficial soil samples
among the underlying geologic provinces. Trace element concentrations, including Ba, W, Ga, Ni, Cs, Rb, Sr, Th,
Sc, and U, also were higher in C-horizon soil samples than in overlying soil samples. Concentrations of Mg, and
several trace elements, including Mn, P, As, Nb, Sn, Be, Bi, Hg, Se, Sb, La, Co, Cr, Pb, V, Y, Cu, Pb, and Zn were
highest in some A-horizon or surficial soils, and indicate possible contributions from anthropogenic sources.
Because element concentrations in soils above the C horizon are more likely to be affected by anthropogenic
factors, concentration ranges in C-horizon soils and their spatially varying geologic associations should be
considered when estimating background concentrations of elements in CT soils.
INTRODUCTION
Background concentrations of elements in soils and unconsolidated
deposits are important in determining cleanup standards and in
exposure assessments, but are not always well known. Although
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established riskbased soil screening levels as a reference for site-specific cleanup
for trace metals, an issue that is often raised at Superfund sites is
whether a reliable representation of background concentrations in
soil has been established (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1996). In CT, risks to human health from soil exposure result from
ingestion, dermal contact, or inhalation, and are regulated by the CT
Volume 32, pages 1 – 37
Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP)
following direct exposure criteria guidelines (CT DEEP, 2013).
Unless a reliable database of concentrations of trace metals in soils
is available, inaccurate mandatory guideline levels may be set by
…………………………...
© 2014 northeasterngeoscience.org
All rights and permissions beyond publication in this issue of Northeastern Geoscience
are held by the authors.
Corresponding Author:
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Craig J. Brown
U.S. Geological Survey New England Water Science Center
101 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, CT 06108
[email protected]
2014
Brown & Thomas
regulators (Davis, 2002; McGrath, 1986; Chen et al., 1999). Thus,
it is important to establish background concentrations of trace
metals in soils occurring within a region, and to document
systematic variation in concentrations according to underlying
geology and/or soil properties..
The elemental concentrations and distribution of elements in
soils depends on the source material and depositional environment,
textural characteristics, organic matter content, and mineralogical
composition, as well as on human factors, such as agriculture and
industrialization (Presley and others 1980; Nriagu and Pcyna, 1988;
Smith, 2013).
Geochemical surveys commonly indicate that variations in background concentrations of inorganic constituents in soils are related
to the composition of underlying or parent geologic materials
(Bradford et al., 1996; Eberl and Smith, 2009; Klassen, 2009;
Morrison et al., 2009) and on climate-related controls, such as
glacial processes and weathering (Woodruff et al., 2009). Soil
mineralogy, such as the abundance of quartz, carbonate minerals,
and plagioclase, can affect the concentrations and distribution of
inorganic soil constituents (Smith, 2013). The quartz effect, or the
diluting effect of quartz on the concentrations of non-silica
constituents, has a profound influence on element concentrations in
soils (Bern, 2009). Naturally occurring elements of concern in New
England, such as As, U, Cu, and Mn can affect toxicity in both soils
and sediments, and subsequently in pathways to groundwater
through aquifer weathering (Rogers, 1989; Dupuy et al., 1991;
Grady and Mullaney, 1998; Brown et al., 2007; Brown and Chute,
2002; Ayotte et al., 2006; Colman, 2011). For example, the
variation of As in bedrock wells in New England had a strong
positive correlation with geologic features at the geologic province,
lithogeochemical group, and bedrock map unit levels, and a positive
correlation with elevated stream sediment and rock As chemistry
(Robinson and Ayotte, 2006).
Existing soil or sediment chemistry datasets for CT include
(1) stream-sediment chemistry data, a subset of 44 stream sediment
samples collected and analyzed for the National Water Quality
Assessment (NAWQA) Program that were re-analyzed by using
similar methods to those described below; (2) stream sediment
chemistry data collected as part of the National Uranium Resources
Reconnaissance Evaluation (NURE), which is now considered part
of the National Geochemical Database (NGDB) (Grossman, 1998);
and (3) the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural
Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Geochemistry Spatial
Database (Wilson et al., 2008). The NGDB includes (a) the Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance phase of the
NURE program, and (b) a nationwide aerial gamma-ray survey of
U, Th, and K in surface rock and sediments. Streambed sediments
integrate near-surface geologic materials upstream from sampling
points and the NAWQA streambed sediment sample data provide a
means of representing regional differences in geologic materials
(Robinson and Ayotte, 2006; Hinkle et al., 2009). The NRCS Soil
Geochemistry Spatial Database contains data generally collected
from sites by the NRCS personnel in respective states and analyzed
by the USDA-NRCS Soil Survey Laboratory, located in the
National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. Additional geochemical
datasets for CT were studies that targeted shallow soils that were
more likely to be affected anthropogenically, or studies that targeted
specific soils or rocks (Grossman, 1998; Wilson and other, 2008).
Because of the prevalence of anthropogenic contaminants
applied to soils, truly pristine surface soils may no longer exist
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Northeastern Geoscience
(Kabata-Pendias et al., 1992; Gough, 1993), and establishing background concentrations of elements is difficult. Several workers
have established background concentrations of elements in soils by
assessing both the central tendency and variation of concentration
data in surface soil samples (Kabata-Pendias et al., 1992; Gough,
1993; Dudka et al., 1993; Chen et al., 1999). The chemistry of soils
in the C horizon typically is assumed to be representative of the
geologic parent material for overlying soils (Woodruff et al., 2009)
and could be used to help establish background soil concentrations
and possibly help predict natural constituents in groundwater.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the distribution of selected elements in C-horizon soils throughout CT, and
to relate these data to existing geologic and lithogeochemical maps
for the state using statistical analysis. This paper also relates the
concentrations and distribution of selected elements in C-horizon
soils to CT surficial materials maps, to samples from the A-horizon
and to surficial soil samples from CT, and to underlying geologic
units in CT. Elements of concern in C-horizon soils in CT also were
compared with those in samples collected in other New England
states overlying similar lithologic bedrock types.
Soil samples were collected in CT by the U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS) and the CT DEEP State Geological Survey in 2007,
and analyzed for 44 major and trace elements (Figure 1). In CT,
soil samples were collected (1) from the upper 5 cm of surficial soil
at 100 sites, (2) from the A horizon at 86 of these sites, and (3) from
the deeper horizon, typically the C horizon, at 79 of these sites.
These elemental data for the randomly selected samples represents
the largest soils geochemistry dataset available for CT.
SOIL CHEMISTRY DATA AND GIS ANALYSIS
Chemical data used in this study include concentrations of elements
in samples from the C-horizon in CT, the primary focus of this
paper (Appendices 1 & 2; Figure 1). These data were projected onto
pertinent GIS data layers, including geologic data and NRCS soils
data. Concentrations of elements in soils (soil A and C horizons,
and the upper 5 cm of surficial soil) are compared to a lithogeochemical bedrock map for New England (Figures 1 - 3; Robinson
and Kapo, 2003), the geologic map for CT (Rodgers, 1985), and the
surficial materials map and NRCS soils map for CT (Appendices 1
and 2; Stone et al., 1992) to link the spatial distribution of selected
elements with local geology and soils. Element concentration maps
were generated to help assess the distribution of element
concentrations by mapped geologic unit or soil type.
Soil Sampling in New England
Eight C-horizon samples from CT were collected as part of the
USGS Geochemical Landscape project (Smith et al., 2013), which
also included samples from Rhode Island (RI) (2), Massachusetts
(MA) (14), Vermont (VT) (15), New Hampshire (NH) (14), and
Maine (ME) (48). In addition, 71 CT samples were collected by CT
DEEP. Seventy-one of the 79 C-horizon samples from CT also were
analyzed for grain size. This comprehensive soil data survey
complements additional solid phase chemical datasets for CT, as
discussed in the introduction.
Soil Sampling in Connecticut
Soils were collected from 100 randomly selected sites across CT.
Eighty C-horizon soil samples were collected at 79 sites from July
2
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
…………. ………………….. …………………. ……………….
………………
EXPLANATION
MASSACHUSETTS
CONNECTICUT
C-horizon soil sample site
Avalon Belt
Bronson Hill Sequence
Coastal Maine
Eugeosyncline Sequence
Grenville Belt
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
NH - Maine Sequence
Narragansett Basin
Waits River - Gile Mountain
RHODE
ISLAND
NEW YORK
MAINE
VERMONT
0
5 10
0
5
20 Kilometers
10
20 Miles
CONNECTICUT
NEW YORK
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000, 1969 to 1984
Projection: Connecticut State Plane Feet
Figure 1. Locations of the C-horizon soil collection sites and the mapped geologic provinces for Connecticut, and (inset) other New
England states, including Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine (Robinson and Kapo,
2003).
MASSACHUSETTS
CONNECTICUT
NEW YORK
EXPLANATION
C-horizon soil sample site
Basin Sedimentary
Calcpelite
Carbonate Rocks
Granite
Mafic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks Undivided
Unconsolidated Sediments
RHODE
ISLAND
MAINE
VERMONT
0
5 10
0
5
20 Kilometers
10
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
20 Miles
CONNECTICUT
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
NEW YORK
Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000, 1969 to 1984
Projection: Connecticut State Plane Feet
Figure 2. Locations of the C-horizon soil collection sites and the mapped lithogeochemical Rock Group A units for Connecticut and
(inset) other New England states, including Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine (Robinson
and Kapo, 2003).
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
3
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
RHODE
ISLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
CONNECTICUT
NEW YORK
EXPLANATION
C-horizon soil sample site
Alkali Granite
Avalon Granite
Basalt
Calcgranofels
Calcpelite
Carbonate Rocks
Felsic Volcanics
Granite, other
Grenville Granite
Mafic Rocks
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Metamorphic Rocks, other
Narragansett Basin Sed.
Pelitic Rocks
Peraluminous Granite
Sulfidic Schists
Ultramafic Rocks
Unconsolidated Sed.
MAINE
VERMONT
0
5 10
0
5
20 Kilometers
10
20 Miles
CONNECTICUT
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
NEW YORK
Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000, 1969 to 1984
Projection: Connecticut State Plane Feet
Figure 3. Locations of the 79 C-horizon soil collection sites and the mapped Rock Group B units for Connecticut, and (inset) other
New England states, including Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine (Robinson and
Kapo, 2003).
Sample collection. The upper 5 cm of mineral soil were collected
after first removing loose leaf litter and living plants, but horizon
development was not considered. C- and A-horizon samples were
collected with a shovel or hand auger. The A horizon is assumed to
be characterized by accumulation of humified organic material in
mineral soil. In forest settings, this horizon can be a thin layer of
organic-rich soil and in cultivated fields it is an Ap (plowing)
horizon. Where present, a composite of the A horizon was collected.
A composite of the soil C horizon was collected by digging or
augering to variable depths but rarely deeper than 1 m. At one site,
an additional C-horizon sample was collected from the BC horizon.
Chemical data for the A horizon are provided in Appendix 6 and
chemical data for the upper 5 cm of surficial soil, are provided in
Appendix 7. All samples were shipped to a USGS Laboratory in
Denver, Colorado, where they were prepared and submitted for
analysis by a USGS contract laboratory.
to November, 2007; one sample (84-BC) was from the transition
between the C and B horizons) and one sample (80B) was from the
B horizon and not used in data analyses (Appendix 1). In addition,
86 samples were collected at the same sites from the A horizon
(Appendix 6) and 100 samples were collected from a depth of 0 to 5
cm (Appendix 7). Chemical data from surficial or A-horizon soils
were only examined in relation to C-horizon data. Soils in the Chorizon consist mostly of weathered parent material variably
affected by soil development processes and, therefore, are much less
likely to contain anthropogenic constituents than overlying soils.
The CT study expanded on the efforts of the USGS Geochemical
Landscapes Project (Smith et al., 2011). Eight of the 80 C-horizon
samples in CT were collected by the USGS, but all samples were
collected with the same protocols and were analyzed by the same
techniques; the USGS samples also were analyzed for total carbon
content and soil mineralogy, but these are not reported here. These
national-scale USGS soil data for 4,857 sites across the
conterminous U.S. are presented in Smith et al. (2013).
Sample analysis. All soil samples were air dried, disaggregated,
and sieved to <2 millimeters (mm). The <2 mm material was then
crushed to <150 micrometers (μm). Samples were decomposed
using a 4-acid mixture of HCl, HNO3, HClO4, and HF at
temperature (Smith et al., 2008). A set of 44 major and trace
elements were analyzed using ICP-AES and ICP-MS, plus single
element determinations for Ag, Hg, and Se as well as analysis of S.
The As data analyzed by hydride generation atomic absorption
spectrometry are used for this paper. More details on the analytical
methodology and quality assurance and quality control are reported
in Smith et al. (2011) and data are provided in Smith et al. (2013).
Site selection. Sites were selected using a generalized random tessellation stratified (GRTS) design. The USGS sample sites were
selected based on a density of about 1 site per 1,000 km2; the GRTS
design produces a spatially balanced set of sampling points without
adhering to a strict grid-based system (Smith et al., 2013). The
remaining CT sample sites were selected based on a revised scale of
one site per 130-km2. Sample collection was avoided within 200 m
of a major highway, within 50 m of a rural road, within 100 m of a
building or structure, and within 5 km downwind of major industrial
activities, as detailed in Smith et al. (2008).
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
4
Volume 32 (2014)
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
Northeastern Geoscience
Censored values (“less than” values below the minimum reporting level for a given element) were treated as quantitative values
(the same as a measured concentration). Although this approach
may slightly skew the reported descriptive statistics for some of the
elements (Helsel and Hirsch, 1995), the results of the statistical
analysis depend on the relative, not exact, concentrations. For all
elements, the quantitative values and the substituted values, which
are censored values that are set to the less-than concentrations, were
used in the analyses for this report including: descriptive statistics,
correlations, regressions, analysis of variance, and graphical representations.
Explanatory Variable Datasets
Bedrock geology & lithology spatial data layers. The C-horizon
soil sample locations for New England in general and CT in detail
were projected onto spatial geologic data layers. The concentration
and distribution of elements in C-horizon soils were compared with
the underlying geologic units (Appendices 1 and 2). The geologic
datasets were compiled from statewide maps of bedrock geology for
CT and grouped into (1) geologic terranes in CT, which are sections
of the Earth’s crust that have unique plate tectonic histories
(Rodgers, 1985), as well as (2) provinces (Figure 1) in New
England, which are geologic units that were grouped based on
common features of lithology, age of formation, geologic setting,
and tectonic history (Robinson and Kapo, 2003) (Appendix 3). The
geologic terranes were grouped into 8 categories for this report
(Appendix 1); only two samples were collected over the Iapetus
Oceanic Terrane / CT Valley Synclinorium/ Orange Milford Belt so
these samples were grouped with the Iapetus Oceanic Terrane / CT
Valley Synclinorium Terrane. The geologic provinces generally
occur as northeast trending belts that follow the structural fabric of
the Appalachian foldbelt and faults in New England (Figure 1;
Robinson and Kapo, 2003).
Thirty-seven lithogeochemical units (combinations of lithology
and modifier codes) have been defined for New England based on
the mineral and textural properties of the bedrock unit constituent
minerals, presence of carbonate and sulfide minerals, depositional
setting (such as restricted deposition within fault bounded sedimentary basins of Mississippian or younger age), and for some of the
granitic units, mineralogy and magma chemistry. These 37 lithogeochemical units were grouped, using similarities in overall geochemistry and lithology, into major rock group categories known collectively as rock group A, or “GpA” (Figure 2; Appendix 3; Robinson
and Kapo, 2003). The eight major groups (seven in CT) for GpA
were subdivided into 19 categories, known collectively as rock
group B, or “GpB” (Figure 3; Appendix 3). In CT, C-horizon
samples were collected over only 11 GpB areas. Two samples (97-C
and 19-C) were collected in unmapped areas near the CT coast, but
were grouped in the nearest adjacent mapped areas (Appendix 1).
……...
Surficial geology and soil series data layers. The C-horizon soil
samples were projected onto the (1) surficial materials map of CT
(Stone et. al, 1992) to identify the glacial material at the sample site
location, and (2) the NRCS soils classification data to provide
information on the soil series description and percent slope
(Appendix 1).
Statistical Methods
Because of the non-normal distribution of data, nonparametric
statistical procedures (Conover and Iman, 1981; Iman and Conover,
1983; Helsel and Hirsch, 1995) were used for analysis. These procedures measure the degree of association between the distributions of
element data when grouped by geologic and lithologic categories.
The explanatory variable values are determined by spatial association of sample collection site locations (dependent variable) with
(1) A-horizon soils and, (2) the upper 5 cm of soils, and (3) geologic
provinces based on bedrock geology.
Least squares linear regression was performed for grain sizes
and element concentration to determine the effect of grain size on
soil chemistry. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to determine significant differences in mean elemental concentrations
among the textural components of sand, silt, or clay. The one-way
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test is a non-parametric equivalent to the
ANOVA and was used to test which groups differed from others; in
other words, whether or not the mean elemental concentrations of
soil samples vary significantly among the underlying rock groups
(explanatory variable or factor).
Tukey’s honest significance difference (HSD) test (Sokal and
Rohlf, 1969; Stoline, 1981; Helsel and Hirsch,1995), a multiplecomparison procedure, was used to discriminate which group or
groups of data, based on underlying bedrock type, differed in grain
size or chemistry when the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test rejected
the null hypothesis at p-value < 0.05. The null hypothesis is what is
assumed to be true about the system under study— in this case, that
there is no difference between groups of data. The p-value is the
probability of obtaining the computed test statistic. The smaller the
p-value, the stronger is the evidence for rejection of the null hypothesis. For all possible pairwise comparisons, the Tukey’s HSD test
uses the within-group variance to calculate the minimum difference
in mean rank that is necessary to consider groups significantly
different. The bedrock groupings with significant differences are
indicated by letter symbols (e.g., A, B, C) on box plots; groups that
share the same letter are not statistically different at p-value <0.05.
DATA COMPARISON & STATISTICAL METHODS
Data Comparison
The data for element concentrations in soils were compared to the
underlying rock type, including geologic province, major rock type,
and lithogeochemistry (Robinson and Kapo, 2003). It was beyond
the scope of this study to determine the origin of the C-horizon soil,
or its transport mechanism, whether it be aeolian, fluvial, or glacial.
Glacial deposits could be till or stratified, and while typically transported from the north, could also be transported from the south in
some valleys (Stone and others, 2005). The soil samples collected
from the A horizon and from the upper 5 cm of surficial soil are less
likely to be derived from underlying bedrock, and more likely to be
affected by anthropogenic processes and soil forming processes.
GEOCHEMISTRY OF C-HORIZON SOILS
Element concentrations in C-horizon soils varied with grain size,
with mapped surficial materials categories, and with the underlying
bedrock geology. Several elements of concern or interest, including
the major elements Ca, Mg, Na, and Fe, as well as trace elements
such as As, U, and Hg, were compared to underlying geologic units
in CT. Summary statistics of element concentrations for geologic
province, lithogeochemical group, and surficial materials are shown
in Appendix 4. Concentrations of Ag and Te were consistently
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
5
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
……………………. …………………………….
100
……….
14
55
A
A
B
Silt Clay
B
Silt Clay
……………
…………………………………..
4 …………..
6
ABC BC
C
Silt Clay
Silt
Percent Silt
80
C
………………………………
EXPLANATION
……………23
Clay
…………………..
B
………………………..
Number of values
Different letter designation denotes
a significantly different mean, based on
Tukey’s honest significance difference test
Outlier data more than
1.5 times the interquartile range
60
Data values less than or equal to1.5 times
the interquartile range outside the quartile
75th percentile
40
median
25th percentile
}
Interquartile
range
Data values less than or equal to1.5 times
the interquartile range outside the quartile
20
Outlier data more than
1.5 time the interquartile range
0
Coarse
Till
Thick Till
Fines
Surficial Materials Deposits
Figure 4. Percent silt in C-horizon soil samples collected from surficial materials mapped as coarse, till, thick till, and fine
deposits (Stone et al., 1992) in Connecticut. The symbology used for this diagram is used in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 10,
11, and 12.
below the lower limits of determination (1.0 and 0.1 mg/kg, respecttively) in surficial soils. Concentrations of Cd and Cs in most
samples were below the reporting level (<0.1 and <5 mg/kg,
respectively). The concentrations of most elements in samples were
below the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for the direct
exposure criteria for CT soils; the exceptions were As, which
exceeded the MCL of 10 mg/kg in one sample, and Be, which
exceeded the MCL of 2 mg/kg at several locations (Appendix 4).
Element concentrations in C-horizon soils from the other states in
New England are provided in Smith et al. (2013).
Concentrations of elements generally were higher in C-horizon
soil samples with greater fractions of the fine (silt and clay) grainsize fractions, and also from areas with surficial materials mapped
as till, thick till, and (or) fines compared to those mapped as coarse
(Stone et al., 1992). This probably can be attributed to the diluting
effect of quartz in coarser-grain size fractions (Bern, 2009). Based
on the Kruskal-Wallis test, the percentage of sand, silt, or clay in the
71 C-horizon soil samples analyzed for grain size was not found to
be significantly related to the geologic province, GpA, or GpB, but
the concentrations of Tl and Ti were found to be significantly
related to, and correlated positively with, the percentages of silt
(Appendix 5). The commonly held belief that heavy metals are
associated with smaller grain-size particles is mostly attributed to
characteristics related to their larger surface area, such as sorption,
co-precipitation, and complexing of metals on particle surfaces and
coatings (Singh et al., 1999). However, the mineral composition
also is important in spatial distribution of elements in soils
(Woodruff et al., 2009). Tl can be associated with Zn, Cu, and Pb
ores, which exist in CT, but sample concentrations were not much
higher than the average estimated concentration of 0.7 mg/kg in the
earth’s crust (U.S. Geological Survey, 2013). Ti-rich minerals such
as ilmenite and leucoxene, which are less resistant to weathering
than quartz, are common in Triassic sedimentary rocks of CT
(Krynine, 1950) and, therefore, could preferentially weather to silt
or clay size fractions.
As expected, the percentages of silt and/or clay were significantly higher in C-horizon samples from the surficial materials areas
mapped as till, thick till, and fines (Figure 4), so it’s not surprising
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
that mean concentrations of several elements, including Al, Ba, Be,
Ce, Co, Cr, Ga, In, La, Nb, Rb, Sn, Th, Ti, Tl, and V also were
significantly higher in these areas, using the Kruskal-Wallis test
(Appendix 5). Box plots labeled with different letters (Figure 4)
have significantly different mean percentages of silt, as determined
using Tukey’s HSD test.
The concentrations of several elements in C-horizon soils also
varied significantly by geologic unit and could be used to help
characterize background levels for soils throughout the state. The
mean concentrations of most elements in C-horizon soils were
significantly different (p value < 0.05) among the seven geologic
provinces in CT, based on hypothesis testing using the KruskalWallis rank sum test (Appendix 5). The elements found to be significantly different overlying different geologic provinces were further
assessed using Tukey’s HSD test.
Concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn showed significant
differences among C-horizon soils with different geologic province,
and in most cases, GpA and GpB (Appendix 5). Ca concentrations
were highest (2.4 weight percent or wt. %) in C-horizon soils
overlying the Grenville Belt Province of western CT (Figure 1) with
mean Ca concentrations significantly higher than in soils overlying
the Eugeosynclinal Sequence, Mesozoic Basin, or New HampshireMaine (NH-ME) Sequence Provinces based on Tukey’s HSD test
(Figure 5A; Appendix 5). Within rocks of the Grenville Belt Province, Ca concentrations were highest in C-horizon soils overlying
calc-granofels, sulfidic schists, and mafic rocks, which can have
high Ca concentrations relative to other lithologies (Robinson and
Kapo, 2003); median concentrations were lowest overlying the
Mesozoic Basin Province (Figure 5B). Concentrations of Ca in
C-horizon soils elsewhere in New England were much higher in
carbonate rocks of the Grenville Shelf Sequence in VT and western
MA, ranging as high as 7.9 weight percent.
Mean concentrations of Fe and Mn were significantly higher in Chorizon soils overlying the Grenville Shelf Sequence Province
compared to one or more other provinces based on Tukey’s HSD
test (Figures 6A and 6B). Soils overlying carbonate rocks in particular were higher in Fe and Mn concentrations (Appendix 4), and
may result from a paucity of quartz in these carbonate-rich soils. Fe
6
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
sample
…………………………………….
6
……………………………..
…………….
5
5
24
12
5
14
14
.
A
14
Fe concentration (weight percent)
A
14
……….
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
2.5
Ca concentration (weight percent)
……………
5
ABC
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
4
B
10
A
AB
C
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
ABC
AB
ABC
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Avalon
Belt
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
7
9
8
11
16
7
1
1
1.0
0.5
Granite
(other)
Calc- Mesozoic
granofels Basin
Sediments
Pelitic
Rocks
Sulfidic
Schists
Basalt
Grenville
Granite
3
2
1
2,000
5
1.5
Carbonate Metamorphic Mafic
Rocks
Rocks
Rocks
(other)
4
A
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
AB
AB
BC
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
BC
ABC
C
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Avalon
Belt
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
2.0
0
5
0
Mn concentration (mg per kg)
Ca concentration (weight percent)
………………………………………..
…………………..
5
5
24
12
2.5
5
5
24
12
AB
AB
AB
5
14
14
1,500
1,000
500
0
Avalon
Granite
B
A
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
AB
AB
B
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Avalon
Belt
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
ROCK GROUP B
Figure 5. Distributions of Ca concentration in C-Horizon soil samples grouped
by the underlying (A) geologic provinces, and (B) Rock Group in
Connecticut.
Figure 6. Distributions of (A) Fe and (B) Mn concentrations in C-horizon soils
grouped by the underlying geologic provinces in Connecticut.
concentrations in C-horizon soils overlying carbonates were significantly greater than in those overlying granites of GpA based on
Tukey’s HSD test.
Median Mg and K concentrations in C-horizon soils were
highest (1.1 and 2.4 weight percent, respectively) in C-horizon soils
overlying the Grenville Shelf Sequence province, but Mg concentrations also were high (0.87 wt. %) overlying the Grenville Belt
province, which is dominated by carbonate and other metasedimentary rocks in western CT (Appendices 3 and 4), MA, and VT (Smith
et al., 2013). Median Na concentrations also were highest (1.62
weight percent) in C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Belt
province but lowest (0.77 weight percent) in those overlying the
Grenville Shelf Sequence province (Appendix 4). The lower Na
concentrations in soils overlying the Grenville Shelf Sequence are
consistent with the predominance of carbonates and calcareous
rocks, compared to those overlying the Grenville Belt that contain
rocks with greater amounts of plagioclase. Median S concentrations
were relatively high (0.02 wt. %) in C-horizon soils overlying the
Eugeosynclinal Province, which includes sulfidic schists and pelitic
rocks (Appendix 3), compared to those overlying other provinces,
but the highest concentration (0.1 weight percent) was in a sample
overlying the Portland Arkose within the Mesozoic Basin province,
possibly containing gypsum.
Additional elements of concern or interest in C-horizon soils
also varied with underlying geology and were higher in western CT.
Concentrations of Al, Ba, Ce, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, Hg, In, Li, Ni, P,
Pb, La, Sn, Tl, V, Y, and Zn generally were highest in C-horizon
soils overlying rocks of the Grenville Shelf Sequence or Grenville
Belt provinces. Concentrations of Cr and Co generally were highest
in C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Shelf Sequence (48 and
16 mg/kg, respectively), Grenville Belt (48 and 21 mg/kg,
respectively), and Eugeosynclinal Sequence (41 and 12 mg/kg,
respectively) provinces of western CT (Figure 7). Cd concentrations
in most CT samples were below the reporting level (0.1 mg/kg). Cd
concentrations in C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Shelf
Sequence province were the highest of all analyzed samples in CT,
with a maximum of 0.4 mg/kg (Appendix 4). Cd concentrations
were as high (0.4 mg/kg) in a sample collected from a C-horizon
soil overlying a marble of the Grenville Shelf Sequence province in
Vermont, but were highest (0.8 mg/kg) in ME, over- lying the NHME Sequence (Smith et al, 2013). Median Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, and Zn
concentrations also were highest in C-horizon soils overlying
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
7
Volume 32 (2014)
N orth ea st er n G eos ci en ce
Brown & Thomas
………………………………… …………………………………
200
…………………….
5
5
24
12
5
14
14
…………………………………………………………
………………………….
………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………….
300
Other 14
5
5
24
12
14
5
……………………
………………………….
NE
Other
Other
Other
Other
states
NE
NE
NE
NE
…………………………………………………….
states
states
states
states
………………………….
250
……………
Other
150
A
Sr concentration (mg per kg)
Cr concentration (mg per kg)
A
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
100
NE
states
……………
50
200
150
100
50
BC
0
0
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Avalon
Belt
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
A
5
Other
NE
states
24
12
Other
NE
states
5
Other
NE
states
14
Other
NE
states
14
Other
NE
states
Cu concentration (mg per kg)
Co concentration (mg per kg)
25
B
100
5
C
ABC
Bronson Hill
Sequence
AB
NH - Maine
Sequence
BC
Avalon
Belt
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
30
AB
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
Other
NE
states
20
15
10
B
5
5
24
12
5
14
14
80
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Other
NE
states
60
Other
NE
states
40
20
5
0
AB
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
A
ABC
ABCD
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
CD
Bronson Hill
Sequence
BC
NH - Maine
Sequence
D
0
Avalon
Belt
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Grenville
Belt
Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Sequence
Basin
Avalon
Belt
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
Figure 7. Distributions of concentrations of (A) Cr, and (B) Co in C-horizon
soils grouped by the underlying geologic provinces in Connecticut,
and in other New England states. Values from Maine are shown as
blue circles, Massachusetts as purple circles, New Hampshire as green
circles, Rhode Island as red circles, and Vermont as yellow circles.
Figure 8. Distributions of (A) Sr concentrations and (B) Cu in C-horizon soils
grouped by the underlying geologic provinces in Connecticut, and in
other New England states. Symbology for values from other states is
the same as in Figure 7.
…………
carbonates in GpA (Appendix 4); Zn concentrations in C-horizon
soils were significantly higher in soils overlying carbonates than in
those overlying granites, based on Tukey’s HSD test. Co concentrations in C-horizon soils were significantly higher overlying the
Grenville Shelf Sequence and Grenville Belt provinces than those
provinces in central and eastern CT based on Tukey’s HSD test
(Figures 1 and 7B). Sr concentrations were significantly higher in
C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Belt province based on
Tukey’s HSD test, and generally higher (but not significantly so) in
soils overlying the Eugeosynclinal Sequence, NH-ME Sequence,
and the Avalon Belt provinces, compared to the other provinces
(Figure 8A). The highest median Cu concentration (29 mg/kg) was
in C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Shelf Sequence province,
but a maximum of 93 mg/kg was measured in a sample overlying
the Mesozoic Basin province (Figure 8B), possibly associated with
historic mining operations in these rocks.
No significant differences in mean concentrations of As, U, Hg,
or Be in C-horizon soils were observed among the geologic provinces, but concentrations of U in C-horizon soils differed among
GpB units and Hg for GpA and Rock GpB units (Appendix 5). Be
concentrations exceeded the direct exposure criteria for CT soils of
2 mg/kg in 65% of the C-horizon soil samples and ranged up to 5
mg/kg.
Concentrations of As in C-horizon soils were as high as 15
mg/kg overlying the NH-ME Sequence (Figures 9 and 10) and,
more specifically, the calcgranofels of GpB (Figure 10; Appendices
3 and 4). As concentrations exceeded the MCL of 10 mg/kg in one
C-horizon soil sample (15 mg/kg) in CT. This is consistent with the
observation of high As concentrations in groundwater from wells
drilled in bedrock of the NH-ME Sequence, as observed in CT
(Brown and Chute, 2002; Pagach, 2009), and elsewhere in New
England (Figure 9) (Ayotte and others, 2006; Coleman, 2011).
Furthermore, As concentrations in C-horizon soils overlying the
same province elsewhere in New England were much higher,
including up to 24 mg/kg overlying the NH-ME Sequence in ME
and NH (Smith et al., 2013). High As concentration are also observed in C-horizon soils overlying Coastal Maine Sequence in ME
(36 mg/kg), which does not occur in CT, pelitic rocks of the Eugeo-
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
8
V o l u m e 3 2 ( 20 1 4 )
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
……………………….
…………………..
MASSACHUSETTS
…………………
…
…………………………….
15
EXPLANATION
U concentration (mg per kg)
Avalon Belt
Bronson Hill Sequence
Coastal Maine
Eugeosyncline Sequence
Grenville Belt
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
NH - Maine Sequence
Narragansett Basin
Waits River - Gile Mtn.
CONNECTICUT
NEW YORK
RHODE
ISLAND
MAINE
VERMONT
0
5 10
0
5
5
5
A
As in soils (ppm)
<1
1 - 2.9
3 - 4.9
5 - 9.9
10 - 50
24
10
12
5
14
14
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
5
20 Kilometers
10
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
CONNECTICUT
20 Miles
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND
NEW YORK
Base from U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000, 1969 to 1984
Projection: Connecticut State Plane Feet
0
Figure 9. Magnitude of As concentrations in C-horizon soil collection sites and
the mapped Geologic Provinces for Connecticut, and (inset) other New
England states, including Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New
Hampshire, and Maine (Robinson and Kapo, 2003).
15
U concentration (mg per kg)
5
5
As concentration (mg per kg)
A
24
12
5
14
14
Other
NE
states
25
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
20
Other
NE
states
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Avalon
Belt
Other
NE
states
4
B
10
Other
NE
states
7
Other
NE
states
9
8
11
Other
NE
states
7
1
1
5
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
10
16
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
5
15
Other
NE
states
10
0
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Pelitic
Rocks
Sulfidic
Schists
Basalt
Grenville
Granite
Avalon
Granite
4
B
10
7
9
8
11
16
7
1
1
synclinal Sequence in VT (29 mg/kg), and granite of the Bronson
Hill Sequence in ME (26 mg/kg) (Smith et al., 2013). U concentrations in CT ranged as high as 14 mg/kg in C-horizon soil overlying
granites of the Avalon Belt Province, and the median Sequence, and
calcgranofels of the NH-ME Sequence (Figure 11; Smith et al.,
2013). U concentrations in C-horizon soils overlying the same
provinces elsewhere in New England were generally lower, with a
maximum of 6.1 mg/kg for a sample overlying granites of the NHME Sequence in NH (Figure 11; Smith et al., 2013). Hg concentrations in C-horizon soils were low; the highest median concentration
(0.11 mg/kg) was overlying the Eugeosynclinal Sequence province
and, more specifically, in GpB pelitic rocks, schists, and metamorphic rocks (Figure 12; Appendices 3 and 4). Hg concentrations in
C-horizon soils overlying the same provinces elsewhere in New
England were highest (up to 0.24 mg/kg) in ME overlying the
NH-ME Sequence and Bronson Hill Sequence.
The concentrations of most elements measured in soil samples
collected from the A-horizon and the upper 5 cm showed a distribution similar to that in C-horizon soils (Figure 13), particularly
overlying the same geologic provinces. For samples from the A
horizon, the mean concentrations of As, Hg, Rb, Sb, Se, and Ti
were found to vary significantly with the underlying geologic
5
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
15
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
10
5
0
Calc- Mesozoic
granofels Basin
Sediments
Avalon
Belt
25
20
Granite
(other)
Figure 11. Distributions of U concentrations in C-horizon soils grouped by (A)
geologic province, and (B) rock group B in Connecticut, and New England.
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
30
Carbonate Metamorphic Mafic
Rocks
Rocks
Rocks
(other)
ROCK GROUP B
5
0
As concentration (mg per kg)
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
………..
30
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Carbonate Metamorphic Mafic
Rocks
Rocks
Rocks
(other)
Granite
(other)
Calc- Mesozoic
granofels Basin
Sediments
Pelitic
Rocks
Sulfidic
Schists
Basalt
Grenville
Granite
Avalon
Granite
ROCK GROUP B
Figure 10. Distributions of As concentrations in C-horizon soils grouped by
underlying (A) geologic province, and (B) Rock Group B in
Connecticut, and in other New England states.
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
9
Volume 32 (2014)
N orth ea st er n G eos ci en ce
Brown & Thomas
province, whereas mean concentrations of these elements in samples from the C-horizon were not found to vary significantly. As
concentrations exceeded the direct exposure criteria for CT soils in
two of the A-horizon soil samples (up to 45 mg/kg), and one surficial sample (23 mg/kg). The opposite was true for concentrations
of Be and Sc: mean concentrations from the C horizon varied
significantly with the underlying geologic province, whereas mean
concentrations of these elements in samples from the A-horizon and
surficial soil samples had little variability. The reason for these
differences is not known but could result from (1) human-related
element contributions that are unrelated to underlying bedrock type,
(2) a disconnect between surficial and deeper soil parent materials
resulting from varying glacial deposits, and (3) selective soil weathering and the vertical movement of elements through a soil profile.
Be concentrations exceeded the direct exposure criteria for CT soils
in 6% of the A-horizon samples, and 29% of the surficial soil
samples.
Concentrations of most major elements, including Al, Ca, Fe,
K, Na, and Ti, were highest in C-horizon soils, but maintained a
similar pattern of distribution in A-horizon and surficial (0 to 5 cm
depth) soil samples (Figure 13A). Trace elements including Ba, W,
…………………………………………..
A. Major elements
5
5
A
24
12
5
14
Other
NE
states
0.20
Other
NE
states
14
Concentration (wt. %)
0.25
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
EXPLANATION
10
0-5 cm min/max
8
0-5 cm median
6
A horizon min/max
4
A horizon median
C horizon min/max
2
0
0.15
C horizon median
Al
Fe
Mg Na
K
S
Ti
F. Trace elements
0-5 cm or A-horizon dominant
0.05
Concentration (mg/kg)
0.10
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Grenville Eugeosynclinal Mesozoic
Belt
Sequence
Basin
Bronson Hill
Sequence
NH - Maine
Sequence
Avalon
Belt
GEOLOGIC PROVINCE
0.20
0.15
4
B
10
7
9
8
Other
NE
states
11
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
16
7
1
1
5
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
Other
NE
states
0.10
C. Trace elements
C-horizon dominant in upper range
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Other
NE
states
Concentration (mg/kg)
0.25
7
60
Cd
In
Mo
Tl
D. Trace elements
C-horizon dominant
40
30
20
10
Ga
Ni
Cs
Th
Sc
Th
40
30
20
10
6
As
5
4
3
2
1
300
Granite
(other)
Calc- Mesozoic
granofels Basin
Sediments
Pelitic
Rocks
Sulfidic
Schists
Basalt
Grenville
Granite
Avalon
Granite
ROCK GROUP B
Figure 12. Distributions of Hg concentrations in C-horizon soil samples grouped
by the underlying (A) geologic provinces, and (B) Rock Group B in
Connecticut and New England.
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Hg
Se
Sb
La
Co
Cr
Pb Rb
Sr
V
Y
I. Trace elements
0-5 cm or A-horizon dominant
700
Concentration (mg/kg)
Carbonate Metamorphic Mafic
Rocks
Rocks
Rocks
(other)
Concentration (mg/kg)
0
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Bi
100
E. Trace elements
C-horizon dominant
0.05
Be
H. Trace elements
mixed dominance
200
0
U
Sn
Nb
G. Trace elements
0-5 cm or A-horizon dominant
0
W
50
0
50
0
P
Mn
Concentration (mg/kg)
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Ba
Concentration (mg/kg)
0
Concentration (mg/kg)
0
Hg concentration (mg per kg)
Ca
B. Trace elements
High concentrations
Concentration (mg/kg)
Hg concentration (mg per kg)
Ga, Ni, Cs, Rb, Sr, Th, Sc, U also had higher concentrations in Chorizon soil samples than in overlying soil samples (figs. 13B, C, D,
E, H), while Ba, Cd, In, and Tl were the same or very similar
(Figures 13B and C). Concentrations of Mo and W in C-horizon
soils were higher at upper range concentrations than shallower soils,
but had lower median concentrations; Mo concentration was highest
in samples overlying layered gneiss of the Grenville Belt, and W
concentration was highest in soils overlying granites of the NHMaine sequence (Appendices 2 and 3). Concentrations of Mg
(Figure 13A) and several trace elements, including Mn, P, As, Nb,
Sn, Be, Bi, Hg, Se, Sb, La, Co, Cr, Pb, V, Y, Cu, and Zn, were
highest in A-horizon or surficial soils (Figures 13F, G, H, and I).
The reasons for higher element concentrations in soils overlying the
C horizon could result from several factors, including sorption to
organic matter in shallow soils (possibly Cu, Pb, and Zn; Figure
13I), redox active elements, such as Mn (Figure 13B), that are more
likely to be mobilized under reducing conditions in shallower,
organic-rich soils, or from anthropogenic sources of contaminants,
such as P (Figure 13B) from fertilizers, or Hg (fig. 13G) from
atmospheric sources. A sample from the upper 5 cm of surficial soil
was much higher (0.42 mg/kg) than in C-horizon soil samples, and
…...
………………………
………………………
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Figure 13. Concentrations of major and trace elements in soil samples collected
from 0-5 cm depth, the A horizon, and the C horizon in Connecticut.
10
V o l u m e 3 2 ( 20 1 4 )
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
suggests that Hg concentrations in surficial soils are likely affected
by atmospheric deposition of Hg. For these reasons, assuming
ranges of background concentrations based on C-horizon soils
might avoid local anthropogenic factors that affect relatively
shallow soils.
Northeastern Geoscience
the Avalon Belt province, and the median concentration was highest
overlying granites of the Bronson Hill Sequence, and calcgranofels
of the NH-ME Sequence province. Hg concentrations in C-horizon
soils were low; the highest concentration of 0.11 mg/kg was much
lower than a sample collected from the surficial soil (0.42 mg/kg).
Trace element concentrations in C-horizon soils of CT also were
comparable with those from the other states in New England.
Concentrations of As were highest in C-horizon soils overlying the
Coastal Maine Sequence in ME (36 mg/kg), which does not occur
in CT, and the Eugeosyncline Sequence in VT (29 mg/kg) and the
Bronson Hill Sequence in ME (26 mg/kg). Alternatively, U concentrations in C-horizon soil samples overlying Avalon Belt granites of
CT were more than twice as high as those in samples from the other
New England states.
The concentrations of several elements sampled from shallow
soils from the A horizon and the upper 5 cm, were higher than samples from the C horizon and indicate greater influence by anthropogenic factors. Concentrations of several elements, including Mn, P,
As, Nb, Sn, Be, Bi, Hg, Se, Sb, La, Co, Cr, Pb, V, Y, Cu, and Zn,
were highest in some A-horizon or surficial soils. Because element
concentrations vary with underlying geologic unit, ranges in Chorizon soils should be considered when estimating back-ground
concentrations of elements in CT soils.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The concentrations and distribution of 44 elements were studied in
soils throughout CT to better understand how concentrations relate
to underlying geologic units. The chemistry of C-horizon soils was
generally reflective of underlying bedrock chemistry. Major elements including Ca, Mg, and Na showed significant differences in
concentrations among C-horizon soils overlying the lithogeochemical groupings, including the geologic province, the dominant
bedrock lithologies in GpA, and more specific lithologies in GpB.
Concentrations of most elements in C-horizon soils showed a
positive correlation with silt and (or) clay content and were higher
in surficial materials mapped as till, thick till, and (or) fines.
Several trace elements in C-horizon soils were also typically higher
overlying rocks of the Grenville Shelf Sequence and (or) Grenville
Belt provinces in western CT. No significant differences in mean
concentrations of As, U, or Hg were observed in C-horizon soils
among the geologic provinces, but concentrations of U in C-horizon
soils differed significantly among GpB units, and Hg differed
significantly for GpA and GpB units. The concentrations of most
elements in samples from C-horizon soils were below the direct
exposure criteria for CT soils; the exceptions were As, which
exceeded the MCL of 10 mg/kg in one sample, and Be, which
exceeded the MCL of 2 mg/kg in 65% of the samples.
Concentrations of many elements were higher in soils overlying
carbonate rocks of western CT than those in other areas because of
the quartz dilution factor; quartz is typically abundant in siliceous,
non-carbonate rocks and tends to monopolize the elemental composition in overlying soil samples with Si and O. Ca concentrations
were highest in C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Belt province of western CT, particularly in calcgranofels, sulfidic schists,
and mafic rocks. Mg concentrations also were high overlying the
Grenville Belt province, which is dominated by carbonate and other
metasedimentary rocks in western CT, MA, and VT, but highest in
C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Shelf Sequence, particularly
in carbonate rocks. Mg and K concentrations in C-horizon soils
were highest overlying the Grenville Shelf Sequence province. Na
concentrations in C-horizon soils were high overlying the Grenville
Belt Province but lowest in those overlying the Grenville Shelf
Sequence province. S concentrations in C-horizon soils were high
overlying the Eugeosynclinal province, which includes sulfidic
schists and pelitic rocks, and in the NH-ME Sequence Province in
eastern CT, which includes Silurian and Devonian metasedimentary
and igneous rocks. Mean concentrations of Fe and Mn were significantly higher in C-horizon soils overlying the Grenville Shelf
Sequence province compared to one or more other provinces, and
generally were highest in soils overlying carbonate rocks.
As expected, concentrations of As in C-horizon soils in CT were
highest (up to 15 mg/kg) overlying calcgranofels of the NH-ME
Sequence province; this is consistent with the high As concentrations in groundwater from wells drilled in bedrock of the NH-ME
Sequence province in CT, MA, NH, and ME. U concentrations
ranged as high as 14 mg/kg in C-horizon soil overlying granites of
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the dedicated people who assisted with the soilcore collection and processing, including Randolph Steinen
(Connecticut Geological Survey, DEEP), Vincent Long (former
intern at USGS), Earl Manning and Michelle Tedone (former
students at Central Connecticut State University), and Bonnie
Potocki (former student at University of Massachusetts). Also,
USGS personnel involved in the North American Geochemical
Landscapes Project, including David Smith and Laurel Woodruff,
are acknowledged for providing guidance in sample collection and
laboratory analyses of soil samples at the USGS National Water
Quality Laboratory.
REFERENCES CITED
Ayotte, J. D., B. T. Nolan, J. R. Nuckols, K. P. Cantor, K. W.
Robinson, Jr., D. Baris, L. Hayes, M. Karagas, W. Bress, D.
Silverman, and J. Lubin, 2006, Modeling the probability of
arsenic in groundwater in New England as a tool for exposure
assessment: Environmental Science and Technolology, v. 40,
p. 3578 -3585.
Bern, C. R., 2009, Soil chemistry in lithologically diverse datasets the quartz dilution effect: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24,
p. 1429-1437.
Bradford, G. R., A.C. Chang, A. L. Page, D. Bakhtar, J. A.
Frampton, and H. Wright, 1996, Background concentrations of
trace and major elements in California soils: Kearney Foundation of Soil Science, Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of California, Riverside, 32 p.
Brown, C. J., and S. K. Chute, 2002, Arsenic in bedrock wells in
Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 02–4135, 23 p.
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
11
Volume 32 (2014)
Brown & Thomas
Brown, C. J., B. C. Jurgens, B. G. Katz, M. K. Landon, and S. M.
Eberts, 2007, Arsenic and uranium in four aquifer settings:
occurrence, distribution, and mechanisms for transport to supply
wells, NGWA Naturally Occurring Contaminants Conference —
Arsenic, Radium, Radon, Uranium: Charleston, South Carolina,
March 22 – 23, 2007.
http://oh.water.usgs.gov/tanc/pubs/
Brown_cj_2007_NatContam.pdf
Chen, M., L. Q. Ma, and W. G. Harris, 1999, Baseline Concentrations of 15 Trace Elements in Florida Surface Soils: Journal of
Environmental. Quality, v. 28, p. 1173-1181.
Colman, J. A., 2011, Arsenic and uranium in water from private
wells completed in bedrock of east-central Massachusetts—
Concentrations, correlations with bedrock units, and estimated
probability maps: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Report 2011–5013, 113 p.
Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
(DEEP), 2013, Remediation Standard Regulations and the
Environmental Land Use Restriction Regulations, 81 p.
(http://www.ct.gov/deep/lib/deep/regulations/22a/22a-133k1through3.pdf)
Conover, W. J., and R. L. Iman, 1981, Rank transformations as a
bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics:
American Statistician, v. 35, p. 124–129.
Davis, J. C., 2002, Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, 3rd ed.:
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 638 p.
Dudka, S., 1993, Baseline concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga,
Mn, Ni, and Se in surface soils, Poland: Applied Geochemistry,
v. 2, p. 23-28.
Dupuy, C. J., D.F. Healy, M. A. Thomas, D. R. Brown, A. J.
Siniscalchi, and Z. F. Dembek, 1991, A survey of naturally
occurring radionuclides in groundwater in selected bedrock
aquifers in Connecticut and implications for public health
policy, in Gilbert, C.E., and Calabrese, E.J., eds., Regulating
Drinking Water Quality: Boca Raton, Florida, Lewis Publishers,
p. 95–119.
Eberl, D. D., and D. B. Smith, 2009, Mineralogy of soils from two
continental-scale transects across the United States and Canada
and its relation to soil geochemistry and climate: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, No. 8, p. 1394-1404.
Gough, L.P., 1993, Understanding our fragile environment, lessons
from geochemical studies: U.S. Geological Survey Circular
1105, 34 p.
Grady, S. J., and J. R. Mullaney, 1998, Natural and human factors
affecting shallow water quality in surficial aquifers in the Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames River Basins: U.S. Geological
Survey Water Resources Investigation Report 98–4042, 81 p.
Grossman, J. N., 1998, National Geochemical Atlas—the geochemical landscape of the conterminous United States derived from
stream sediments and other solid sample media analyzed by the
National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report, CD–ROM.
Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1995, Statistical Methods in Water
Resources: Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishing, 529 p.
Hinkle, S. R., L. J. Kauffman, M. A. Thomas, C. J. Brown, K.
McCarthy, S. M. Eberts, M. R. Rosen, and B. G. Katz, 2009,
Assessing public supply well vulnerability to arsenic and
uranium: Journal of Hydrology, v. 376, p. 132-142.
Iman, R. L., and W. J. Conover, 1983, A Modern Approach to
Statistics. John Wiley, New York.
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Northeastern Geoscience
Kabata-Pendias, A., S. Dudka, and A. Chlopecha, 1992, Background levels and environmental influences on trace metals in
soils of the temperate humid zone of Europe, in D.C. Adriano,
ed., Biogeochemistry of Trace Metals: CRC Press, Boca Raton,
FL, p. 61-84.
Klassen, R. A., 2009, Geological controls on soil parent material
geochemistry along a northern Manitoba–North Dakota transect:
Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, p. 1382-1393.
Krynine, P. D., 1950, Petrology, stratigraphy, and origin of the
Triassic sedimentary rocks of Connecticut: Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 73, 247 p.
McGrath, S. P., 1986. The range of metal concentrations in topsoils
of England and Wales in relation to soil protection guidelines, in
D.D. Hemphill, ed., Trace Substances in Environmental Health,
University of Missouri, Columbia, p. 242-252.
Morrison, J. M., M. B. Goldhaber, L. Lee, J. M. Holloway, R. B.
Wanty, R. E. Wolf, and J. F. Ranville, 2009, A regional-scale
study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California,
USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, p. 1500-1511.
Nriagu, J. O., and J. M. Pcyna, 1988, Quantitative assessment of
worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals:
Nature, v. 333, p. 134-139.
Pagach, J. J., 2009, Distribution of Arsenic in Bedrock Wells in the
Eastern Highlands of Connecticut: M.S. Thesis, University of
Connecticut, 79 p.
Presley, B. J., J. H. Trefry, and R. F. Shokes, 1980, Heavy metal
inputs to Mississippi Delta sediments: Water, Air and Soil
Pollution, v. 13, p. 481–494.
Robinson, G. R., Jr., and J. D. Ayotte, 2006, The influence of
geology and land use on arsenic in stream sediments and ground
waters in New England, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 21,
p. 1482–1497.
Robinson, G. R., Jr., and K. E. Kapo, 2003, Generalized lithology
and lithogeochemical character of near-surface bedrock in the
New England region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
03–225. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-225.
Rodgers, John, comp., 1985, Bedrock Geological Map of Connecticut: Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey,
Natural Resources Atlas Series Map, 2 sheets, scale 1:125,000.
Rogers, R. J., 1989, Geochemical comparison of groundwater in
areas of New England, New York, and Pennsylvania: Ground
Water, v. 27, p. 690–712.
Singh, A. K., S. I. Hasnain, and D. K. Banerjee, 1999, Grain size
and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in sediments of
the Damodar River – a tributary of the lower Ganga, India:
Environmental Geology, v. 39, p. 90-98.
Smith, D. B., ed., 2008, Geochemical Studies of North American
Soils: Results from the Pilot Study Phase of the North American
Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project: Applied Geochemistry,
v. 24, p. 1355-1616.
Smith, D. B., W.F. Cannon, and L. G. Woodruff, 2011, A nationalscale geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils of the
conterminous United States: Applied Geochemistry, v. 26, Supplement, p. S250-S255.
Smith, D. B., W. F. Cannon, L. G. Woodruff, Federico Solano, J. E.
Kilburn, and D. L. Fey, 2013, Geochemical and mineralogical
data for soils of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological
Survey Data Series 801, 19 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/801/.
12
Volume 32 (2014)
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
Northeastern Geoscience
Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture. Official Soil Series Descriptions.
Available on line at http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/
osd/index.html. [accessed 3/05/2015]
Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf, 1969, Biometry. W.H. Freeman, San
Francisco, Calif.
Stoline, M. R., 1981, The status of multiple comparisons – simultaneous inference of all pairwise comparisons in oneway
ANOVA designs: American Statistician, v. 35, p. 134–141.
Stone, J. R., J. P. Schafer, E. H. London, M. L. DiGiacomo-Cohen,
R. S. Lewis, and W. B. Thompson, 2005, Quaternary Geologic
Map of Connecticut and Long Island Sound Basin: U.S.
Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Map 2784, scale
1:125,000, 2 sheets.
Stone, J. R., J. P., Schafer, E. H. London, and W. B. Thompson,
1992, Surficial materials map of Connecticut: U.S. Geological
Survey Special Map, scale 1:125,000, 2 sheets.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995, Standards for the use
or disposal of sewage sludge, 40 CFR Parts 403 and 503: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996, Soil screening
guidance: User's guidance: USEPA 540/R-96/018.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002, Guidance for Comparing Background and Chemical Concentrations in Soil for
CERCLA Sites, Washington, DC: EPA 540-R-01-003, 89p.
http://www.epa.gov/oswer/riskassessment/pdf/background.pdf
U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Mineral commodity summaries
2013: U.S. Geological Survey, 198 p.
Wilson, M.A., R. Burt, S. J. Indorante, A.B. Jenkins, J. V. Chiaretti,
M. G. Ulmer, and J. M. Scheyer, 2008, Geochemistry in the
modern soil survey program: Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment, v. 139, p. 151–171.
Woodruff, L. G., W. F. Cannon, D. D. Eberl, D. B. Smith, J. E.
Kilburn, J. D. Horton, R. G. Garrette, and R. A. Klassen, 2009,
Continental-scale patterns in soil geochemistry and mineralogy:
Results from two transects across the United States and Canada:
Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, p. 1369–1381.
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
13
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 1
Lithologic descriptions and grain-size abundances of C-horizon soil samples collected from 79 sites in Connecticut,
and their underlying lithogeochemical rock groups and geologic terranes, surficial materials, and soil properties and classification
Field
r 5 5
agency
in cm
99-C
41.17141
73.32197
DEEP
Aspectuck Land Trust, Sturges
Hwy, Westport
62-C
41.20905
73.28651
DEEP
Hemlock Reservior, d
66-76
97-C
41.27111
72.63704
DEEP
Bay, Madison
61-76
244-C
41.27675
73.0257
USGS
House Lane, Orange
41-48
11-C
41.27733
73.0034
DEEP
89-C
41.27891
73.51938
DEEP
56-76
19-C
41.29596
72.34133
DEEP
Orange Hills Cntry Club, Orange
!
Commission,
Remington Rd, "d
Great Island Wildlife Area, Old
Lyme
55-C
41.29749
73.4305
DEEP
Ln, Redding
66-74
51-69
61-71
54-81
78-C
41.31711
72.51766
DEEP
Kelseytown Rd, Clinton
69-86
44-C
41.32261
73.41804
DEEP
74-81
79-C
41.34426
73.04897
DEEP
Gallows Hill Rd, Redding
Ansonia Nature and "
Center, Ansonia
32-C
41.35286
72.73858
DEEP
75-C
41.37132
73.05679
DEEP
Avalon
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Avalon
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Bronson Hill
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
81-C
41.40037
73.29758
DEEP
Newtown Cntry Club, Newtown
66-89
12212-C
41.40579
72.17969
USGS
76-102
Avalon
41.415
72.23838
DEEP
Lake Konomoc, Waterford
#
State Forest, Walnut
Hill, East Lyme
61-76
Avalon
41.42577
73.50091
USGS
41.4287
72.7873
DEEP
1524-C
67-C
King St. school, Danbury
Tyler Mill, Taramac Swamp Rd,
Wallingford
38-51
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
51-C
Dudly preserve, Guilford
Burmingham %&' Watershed,
Seymour
73-107
Generalized and (Robinson and Kapo, 1993)
Geologic
Rock A
Rock B
Province
(GpA)
(GpB)
74
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Terrane
Geology (compiled by Rodgers, 1985)
code
Uni
Age
Schists
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl Metam. Rocks
(other)
AvalcontTerr/
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl/
Ora
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl/
Ora
Proto_NAcontTerr/
OrdovicianandC
AvalcontTerr/
m
Rocks
Rocks
Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Carbonate Rocks
Metam. Rocks
(other)
Granite
Granite (other)
Granite
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Omo
Monson Gneiss
Till
Till
47C
Woodbridge sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
OCr
Rowe Schist
Till
Till
Till
62D
Canton and Charlton soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
DSt
The Straits Schist
Till
Till
Till
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Basin Sed.
Rocks
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Ordovician
Ordovician /
Cambrian
Devonian /
Silurian
Till
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
Jp
Till
Till
Till
78C
Holyoke-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Rocks
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
Ohb
Portland Arkose
Beardsley Member of Harrison
Gneiss
Jurassic
Rocks
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
73E
Charlton-!#
complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky
Rocks
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Rocks
Metam. Rocks
(other)
Metam. Rocks
(other)
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Grenville Granite
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
AvalcontTerr/
m
AvalcontTerr/
m
Proto_NAcontTerr/
ProtMassifs_Gr
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
AvalcontTerr/
m
IapetusOcTerr/
$l
AvalcontTerr/
m
AvalcontTerr/
m
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
AvalcontTerr/
m
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
Rocks
Basin Sed.
41-C
41.45998
72.33636
DEEP
Devils Hopyard SP, East Haddam
61-69
Basalt
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Granite
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Granite (other)
Rocks
Granite
Avalon Granite
Granite (other)
Metam. Rocks
(other)
38-C
41.46243
72.99877
DEEP
Naugatuck SF, Bethany
86-102
50-C
41.4636
72.25302
DEEP
58-66
60-C
41.46405
72.58323
DEEP
#
SF,Rt 85, Salem
Cockaponset SF, Arkay Dr,
Haddam
43-53
Avalon
Bronson Hill
Sequence
10601-C
41.47186
71.90276
USGS
51-66
Avalon
52-C
41.48203
71.85022
DEEP
Patchaug SF, North Stonington
Pachaug SF, Fowler Rd, North
Stonington
Granite
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
66-91
41.484483
72.437983
DEEP
92-C
41.52472
71.87409
DEEP
Alger Rd, East Hampton
Pachaug SF, Coal Pit Hill,
Griswold
Granite
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Avalon Granite
70-C
Avalon
NH - ME
Sequence
56-66
Avalon
NH - ME
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
Granite
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Avalon Granite
Avalon
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Granite
Avalon Granite
Carbonate Rocks
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Bronson Hill
Sequence
Basin Sed.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Carbonate Rocks
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Basin Sed.
Granite (other)
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Granite
Granite (other)
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
$l
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
IapetusOcTerr/
$l
AvalcontTerr/
m
Granite
Granite (other)
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
66-C
41.59418
72.20163
DEEP
84-102
57-C
41.60969
71.80463
DEEP
Pachaug SF, Voluntown
76-91
29-C
41.61115
73.50368
DEEP
66
72-C
41.62041
72.8237
DEEP
Taber Rd, Sherman
New Britain Reservior,
Southington
46-56
17-C
41.62141
73.29079
DEEP
Horse Heaven Rd, Washington
76-91
68-C
41.62387
72.55776
DEEP
90-C
41.63351
72.91075
DEEP
Meshomasic SF, Portland
Pine Valley Golf Course,
Southington
64-74
30-C
41.67021
72.4794
DEEP
Meshomasic SF, Glastonbury
38-69
Mesozoic Basin
Bronson Hill
Sequence
3433-C
41.67261
71.7932
USGS
Patchaug SF, Sterling
63-74
Avalon
1
63
Granite
Collected from the &
between the B and C horizons.
Collected from the B horizon and not used in data analyses.
3
Rodgers, 1985
4
IMS, Internet Map =>
legend @&, which and symbolizes Quaternary geology into very broad categories.
5
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
2
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Charlton-!#
complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky
Rocks
Mesozoic Basin
NH - ME
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
56-66
Paxton and Montauk sandy loams, 8 to 15 percent slopes
73E
Granite (other)
Mesozoic Basin
Salmon R. SF, Colchester
Pease Brook Wildlife Area,
Lebanon
84C
Hollis-!#
-Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes
58-84
DEEP
Till
Till
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
33-46
72.44452
Till
Till
75E
Rt 77, Durham
Scard rd, Town of Wallingford
Prop.
41.56061
Till
Till
62C
DEEP
39-C
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Till
DEEP
66-81
60B
Till
72.69733
64-86
Till
Till
Till
72.759167
Bear Hill Wildlife Area, Bozrah
Hinckley gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Till
Till
41.43569
Small suburb
38C
Till
41.438783
DEEP
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
Coarse
Till
21-C
USGS
Saco silt loam
62C
Ordovician
53-C
72.17232
108
Thick Till
Proterozoic Z
Granite
73.24319
Omau
Till
Ordovician? gneiss
Basin Sed.
41.53098
DSw
Till
Waterford Group
Grenville Belt
41.55775
Zp, Zsph,
and Pn
Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
Sandy sand and gravel,
some areas of dense surface
boulders
End Moraine
Og
Mesozoic Basin
86-C
OCr?
Soil ! Service, of "
# $% Soil Series # Available online &'**##*
***+#
Soil Series
Symbol Soil Series Name
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
$l
63-86
8692-C
Zw
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
63-84
79-91
OCs
Ordovician /
Rowe Schist
Cambrian
Carringtons Pond Member of Trap
Falls Fm.
Ordovician
Fm., Hill Granite
Gneiss Pier Granite
Undiv.
Proterozoic Z
Devonian /
Wepawaug Schist
Silurian
Upper part of Maltby Lakes
Metavolcanics
Ordovician
Ordovician /
Stockbridge Marble
Cambrian
Rocks
Geology al., 1992)
IMS Legend4 Descrip
ion
Calcgranofels
Calcgranofels
Rocks
Calcgranofels
Calcgranofels
Rocks
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
AvalcontTerr/
m
Proto_NAcontTerr/
OrdandCambShel
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
Ob
* Gneiss
Ordovician
Proterozoic Z
Till
Coarse over
Fine
73C
Fm.
Till
Sand and gravel overlying
sand overlying Till
Zp
Fine
38E
Hinckley gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes
Zp
Fm.
Proterozoic Z
Till
Till
Till
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Ygr
Pink +
Gneiss
Proterozoic Y
Till
Till
Till
306
Udorthents-Urban land complex
TRnh
New Haven Arkose
Triassic
Till
Till
Till
87B
Wethersfield loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Jta
:
Basalt
Jurassic
Till
Till
Till
77D
Cheshire-Holyoke complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very rocky
TRnh
New Haven Arkose
Triassic
Till
Till
Till
55B
Watchaug sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Dc
Canterbury Gneiss
Sand and Gravel
Coarse
Coarse
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
DSt
The Straits Schist
Devonian
Devonian /
Silurian
Till
Till
Till
62C
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
Zsh
Hope Valley Alaskite Gneiss
Proterozoic Z
Till
Till
Till
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Omo
Monson Gneiss
Ordovician
Thick Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
85B
Paxton and Montauk sandy loams, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony
Zp
Fm.
;#' phase of Hill
Granite Gneiss
Proterozoic Z
Thick Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
46B
Woodbridge sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, very stony
Proterozoic Z
Silurian /
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
61B
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony
Zspp
SOh
Zspp
Hebron Gneiss
;#' phase of Hill
Granite Gneiss
SOh
Hebron Gneiss
Or
Ratlum Mountain Schist
SOh
Hebron Gneiss
SOh
Hebron Gneiss
Zss
"Scituate" Granite Gneiss
Basal marble member of
Walloomsac Schist
Owm
Till
Till
Till
61B
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony
Proterozoic Z
Silurian /
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
75C
Hollis-!#
-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Till
Till
Till
52C
Sutton sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
Ordovician
Silurian /
Ordovician
Silurian /
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
60B
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Sand and Gravel
Coarse
Coarse
38E
Hinckley gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes
Till
Till
Till
52C
Sutton sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
Proterozoic Z
Till
Till
Till
47C
Woodbridge sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
48C
Georgia and Amenia silt loams, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Jsm
# Meadow Fm.
Jurassic
Till
Till
Till
79E
Rock outcrop-Holyoke complex, 3 to 45 percent slopes
Or
Ratlum Mountain Schist
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Till
Ogl
Glastonbury Gneiss
Ordovician
New Haven Arkose
Triassic
Till
Sand overlying sand and
gravel
Till
TRnh
Stacked Coarse Coarse
36B
Windsor loamy sand, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Omo
Monson Gneiss
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
62D
Canton and Charlton soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony
Zss
"Scituate" Granite Gneiss
Proterozoic Z
Sand and Gravel
Coarse
Coarse
62D
Canton and Charlton soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony
3
Ridgebury, Leicester, and Whitman soils, extremely stony
DEEP: Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
NRCS: National Resources Conservation Service
NH, New Hampshire
ME: Maine;
GpA: group A; GpB: group B
14
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 1
(page 2 of 2)
Field
r 5 5
agency
in cm
Generalized and (Robinson and Kapo, 1993)
Geologic
Rock A
Rock B
Province
(GpA)
(GpB)
85-C
41.67427
73.29311
DEEP
Rumsey Hall School, Washington
61-71
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
46-C
41.69102
71.9545
DEEP
Rt 14A, d
66-86
Avalon
48-C
41.69168
73.35839
DEEP
53-66
Grenville Belt
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Rocks
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
41.7105
73.16974
DEEP
Mt Bushnell SP, Washington
White Memorial Fdn,
Pitch
Rd, Litchfield
2409-C
41.71457
72.55464
USGS
Tobacco/corn, Glastonbury
61
22-C
41.73393
73.20555
DEEP
71-91
66-86
61-C
98-C
41.74717
73.04431
DEEP
Whites Wood rd, X&#d
Roraback Wildlife Area,
Harwinton
36-C
41.75093
72.14958
DEEP
Boulevar Rd, Windham
61-81
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks
(other)
Basin Sed.
Rocks
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Rocks
Rocks
40-C
41.76883
71.99094
DEEP
Windham Rd, Brooklyn
69-84
Avalon
Granite
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
83-C
41.77779
71.80762
DEEP
56-61
Avalon
Granite
63-C
41.77946
72.76523
DEEP
Viall Rd, Killingly
S. Branch Park R. Flood Cntrl Site
2 (Bugbee), W. $
d
51-66
Mesozoic Basin
58-C
41.80075
73.49284
DEEP
Caray Hill, Sharon
61-76
Basin Sed.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Avalon Granite
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Metam. Rocks
(other)
88-C
41.82278
73.30493
DEEP
Mohaw SF, Cornwall
41-56
Rocks
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Rocks
Metam. Rocks
(other)
Metam. Rocks
(other)
Carbonate Rocks
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Carbonate Rocks
30-66
76-C
41.76045
73.49519
DEEP
Macedonia Brook SP, Kent
30-46
82-C
41.76157
72.39473
DEEP
Times Farm Rd, Andover
76-91
14-C
41.76172
72.93804
DEEP
Nassahegon SF, Burlington
94-119
Grenville Belt
NH - ME
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
12-C
41.84364
73.15331
DEEP
>
& Pond SP, Torrington
23-51
Grenville Belt
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
31-C
41.85635
71.93299
DEEP
Natchaug SF, Pomfret
61-69
Avalon
Grenville Belt
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
Bronson Hill
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
28-C
41.85987
73.37311
DEEP
Housatonic SF, Cornwall
51-66
94-C
41.86737
73.48851
DEEP
Sharon Cntry Club, Sharon
66-84
74-C
41.86948
72.29285
DEEP
Fisher Rd, Willington
66-76
65-C
41.8848
72.43995
DEEP
Mountain St, Ellington
69-89
33-C
41.89168
73.09736
DEEP
69-91
20-C
41.90769
72.59089
DEEP
Burr Pond SP, Winchester
Flaherty Wildlife Area, East
Windsor
59-92
25-C
41.91391
72.30978
DEEP
Kollar Wildlife Area, Tolland
61-69
47-C
41.92294
72.20025
DEEP
Armitage Rd, Ashford
61-76
95-C
41.92664
72.54642
DEEP
41.9306
72.95991
DEEP
R. SP, East Windsor
MDC Prop., Barkhamsted
Reservoir, Barkhamsted
76-91
71-C
43-C
41.94549
73.36313
DEEP
Park Service, Canaan
61-91
54-C
41.94818
73.19727
DEEP
51-61
37-C
41.96188
72.74984
DEEP
Denis Hill SP, Norfolk
Newgate Wildlife Area, East
Granby
56-71
56-61
9577-C
41.96384
73.0134
USGS
Algonquin SF, Hartland
61-71
15-C
41.97108
72.23928
DEEP
Nipmuck SF, &
d
76-91
91-C
41.9715
72.45142
DEEP
Field St, Somers
48-61
49-C
41.979
72.97923
DEEP
MDC Prop., Center Hill, Hartland
38-51
16-C
41.98525
71.92392
DEEP
Fabyan Rd, Thompson
69-91
84-C
41.98614
72.0826
DEEP
Town Prop., Rt 198, Woodstock
84-102
41.9921
72.08311
DEEP
Nipmuck SF, Woodstock
76-86
80B2
42.03031
73.434565
DEEP
Mt. Riga State Park, Salisbury
69-91
80-C
42.03065
73.43542
DEEP
Mt. Riga State Park, Salisbury
81-96
84B-C1
1
Granite
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Mesozoic Basin
NH - ME
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
Basin Sed.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
Basin Sed.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Carbonate Rocks
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
Basin Sed.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
NH - ME
Sequence
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Grenville Shelf
Sequence
Basin Sed.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Metam. Rocks
Undiv.
Collected from the &
between the B and C horizons.
Collected from the B horizon and not used in data analyses.
3
Rodgers, 1985
4
IMS, Internet Map =>
legend @&, which and symbolizes Quaternary geology into very broad categories.
5
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
2
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Granite (other)
Calcgranofels
Schists
Calcgranofels
Rocks
Metam. Rocks
(other)
Schists
Granite (other)
Rocks
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Schists
Schists
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Schists
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Rocks
Schists
Mesozoic Basin
Sed.
Rocks
Rocks
Calcgranofels
Calcgranofels
Rocks
Rocks
Terrane
Geology (compiled by Rodgers, 1985)
code
Uni
Age
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
Proto_NAcontTerr/
OrdandCambShel
Or
Oqb
Ratlum Mountain Schist
Black Hill Member of Quinebaug
Fm.
Ordovician
Cd
Dalton Fm.
Ordovician
Cambrian /
Proterozoic Z
Geology al., 1992)
IMS Legend4 Descrip
ion
Sand and Gravel
Sand and Gravel overlying
Sand
Coarse
Coarse
34A
Merrimac sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Stacked Coarse Coarse
38E
Till
Till
Till
86D
Hinckley gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes
Paxton and Montauk sandy loams, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely
stony
Till
Till
75C
Hollis-!#
-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
Or
Ratlum Mountain Schist
Ordovician
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
Jp
Portland Arkose
Jurassic
Till
Sand and gravel overlying
sand
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
Proto_NAcontTerr/
ProtMassifs_Gr
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
Ob
* Gneiss
Ordovician
Swamp overlying Fines
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
AvalcontTerr/
m
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
Proto_NAcontTerr/
ProtMassifs_Gr
Proto_NAcontTerr/
TaconicAllocht
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
Proto_NAcontTerr/
ProtMassifs_Gr
Proto_NAcontTerr/
OrdandCambShel
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
$l
Proto_NAcontTerr/
TaconicAllocht
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
IapetusOcTerr/ CTValleySyncl
Proto_NAcontTerr/
OrdandCambShel
Proto_NAcontTerr/
TaconicAllocht
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
Proto_NAcontTerr/
TaconicAllocht
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
NewarkTerr/
Hart_PompMesozoicBas
Proto_NAcontTerr/
TaconicAllocht
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
IapetusOcTerr/
MerrimackSyncl
Proto_NAcontTerr/
OrdandCambShel
-Proto_NAcontTerr/
Ordov.&Camb.ShelfSeq.
Proto_NAcontTerr/
Ordov.&Camb.ShelfSeq.
Soil ! Service, of "
# $% Soil Series # Available online &'**##*
***+#
Soil Series
Symbol Soil Series Name
Stacked Coarse Coarse
Natural
Postglacial
Fine
33A
$
sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
107
Limerick and Lim soils
84B
Dng
Nonewaug Granite
Devonian
Thick Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
Ota
Tatnic Hill Fm.
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
3
Ygs
Rusty Mica Schist and Gneiss
Till
Till
62D
Sand and Gravel
Coarse
Coarse
60B
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Otw
Hebron Gneiss
Wildcat Member of Taine
Mountain Fm.
Proterozoic Y
Silurian /
Ordovician
Till
SOh
Ordovician
Sand and Gravel
Coarse
Coarse
38C
Hinckley gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Ota
Tatnic Hill Fm.
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Zsp
Ponaganset Gneiss
Proterozoic Z
Thick Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
61B
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony
Jeb
East Berlin Fm.
Hornblende gneiss and
amphibolite
Amphibolite-bearing unit of
#
Schist
Jurassic
Sand and Gravel
Coarse
Coarse
37C
Manchester gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Till
Till
Till
60B
Canton and Charlton soils, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Till
Till
Till
413E
Bice-Millsite complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very rocky
Ygh
Paxton and Montauk sandy loams, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Ridgebury, Leicester, and Whitman soils, extremely stony
Canton and Charlton soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony
Cm
#
Schist
Proterozoic Y
Cambrian /
Proterozoic Z
Cambrian /
Proterozoic Z
Gravel
Coarse
Coarse
21A
Ninigret and Tisbury soils, 0 to 5 percent slopes
Ota
Tatnic Hill Fm.
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
45B
Woodbridge sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Rock outcrop-Hollis complex, 45 to 60 percent slopes
Cma
Ygn
Layered Gneiss
Proterozoic Y
Till
Till
Till
76F
Csc
Unit c of Stockbridge Marble
Cambrian
Thick Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
90B
Stockbridge loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Obr
Schist
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
62D
Canton and Charlton soils, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony
Ogl
Glastonbury Gneiss
Till
Till
60D
Canton and Charlton soils, 15 to 25 percent slopes
Hoosac Schist
Ordovician
Cambrian /
Proterozoic Z
Till
Ch
Till
Till
Till
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Jp
Portland Arkose
Jurassic
Fines
Fine
Fine
9
Obr
Schist
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
85B
Paxton and Montauk sandy loams, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony
Obr
Schist
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
85B
Paxton and Montauk sandy loams, 3 to 8 percent slopes, very stony
Scitico, Shaker, and Maybid soils
Jp
Portland Arkose
Jurassic
Fines
Fine
Fine
102
Pootatuck sandy loam
Or
Ratlum Mountain Schist
Ordovician
34C
Merrimac sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Cambrian
Cambrian /
Proterozoic Z
Coarse
39C
Groton gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Cmcu
Unit b of Stockbridge Marble
Upper slice of Canaan Mountain
Schist
Till
Natural
Postglacial
Till
Csb
Till
Alluvium overlying Sand and
Gravel
Till
Till
Till
416E
Rock outcrop-Westminster complex, 8 to 45 percent slopes
TRnh
New Haven Arkose
Till
Till
Till
68C
Ch
Hoosac Schist
Triassic
Cambrian /
Proterozoic Z
Obr
Schist
Ordovician
Jp
Portland Arkose
Ch
Hoosac Schist
Jurassic
Cambrian /
Proterozoic Z
Otay
SObl
[
Member of Tatnic Hill Fm.
Lower Member of Bigelow Brook
Fm.
Lower Member of Bigelow Brook
Fm.
Ordovician
Silurian /
Ordovician
Silurian /
Ordovician
Ow
Walloomsac Schist
Walloomsac Schist
SObl
Ow
Till
Till
Till
86D
Narragansett silt loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes, extremely stony
Paxton and Montauk sandy loams, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely
stony
Till
Sand and gravel overlying
sand
Till
Till
61C
Canton and Charlton soils, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony
Stacked Coarse Coarse
37C
Manchester gravelly sandy loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Till
Till
Till
75C
Hollis-!#
-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes
Till
Till
Till
73C
Charlton-!#
complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rocky
Till
Till
Till
71E
Brookfield--Rock outcrop complex, 15 to 45 percent slopes
Till
Till
Till
3
Ordovician
Till
Till
Till
405E
Dummerston gravelly loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very stony
Ordovician
Till
Til l
Till
405E
Dummerston gravelly loam, 15 to 45 percent slopes, very stony
Ridgebury, Leicester, and Whitman soils, extremely stony
DEEP: Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
NRCS: National Resources Conservation Service
NH, New Hampshire
ME: Maine;
GpA: group A; GpB: group B
15
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 2
Concentrations of selected elements in extractions for C-horizon soil samples collected from 79 sites in Connecticut
Field
Geologic /e
Rock A ")
Rock B ?@
Unit
code
99-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
OCr?
62-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Schists
Rowe Schist
Carringtons Pond
Member of Trap Falls
Fm.
Fm., Hill Granite Gneiss and
Pier
Granite Undiv.
Coarse
Wepawaug Schist
Till
Unit
>
A
B
Be
Bi
Till
Al (%)
6.8
(%) Fe (%)
0.53
2.73
K (%) Mg (%) (%)
1.85
0.54
1.1
S (%) Ti (%)
0.03
0.37
2.5
586
2.9
0.42
Thick Till
6.4
0.91
3.03
1.67
0.65
1.23
0.03
0.37
3.1
406
2.5
0.17
5.8
6.8
1
0.17
2.91
4.43
1.34
2.01
0.52
1.52
1.89
0.91
<0.01
<0.01
0.14
0.44
2.0
1.9
274
475
1.8
2.3
0.38
0.27
Till
Till
Till
6.0
7.6
5.3
0.83
1.25
0.9
2.8
4.06
2.1
1.3
1.96
1.3
0.67
1.77
0.47
1.5
1.09
1.5
0.02
<0.01
0.02
0.3
0.4
0.23
3.5
0.9
2.8
288
488
338
1.7
2.9
1.8
0.19
0.07
0.15
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
6.7
6.3
6.9
7.3
5.5
1.13
0.96
0.97
0.68
0.33
2.84
2.78
3.6
3.64
2.6
2.42
1.43
1.9
2.01
1.7
0.83
0.42
1.2
0.74
0.36
1.56
1.59
1.3
1.04
1.6
0.02
<0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.01
0.31
0.27
0.4
0.31
0.23
2.6
4.5
7.4
3. 4
3.3
478
404
527
407
431
3.1
2.4
2.5
3
1.2
0.1
0.21
0.13
0.27
0.12
Till
Till
Fine
Till
5.7
6.4
5.6
4.1
1.33
1.06
0.8
0.18
1.17
3.36
2.41
1.1
1.75
1.5
1.57
1.7
0.24
0.67
0.52
0.38
2.04
1.49
1.16
0.29
<0.01
0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.15
0.39
0.32
0.12
3.2
2.1
3.7
<0.6
325
44 4
417
355
3.7
2.6
1.7
0.7
0.39
0.15
0.21
0
Till
Till
Till
Till
Coarse
Till
6.6
5.2
6.6
5.4
5.5
7.2
1.57
0.26
0.43
0.17
1.1
0.64
3.91
2.01
5.0
2.03
3.6
3.5
1.66
1.4
0.7
2.3
1.2
1.8
1.02
0.41
0.37
0.3
0.57
0.7
1.62
1.88
1.6
1.31
1.2
1.2
0.01
<0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.05
0.03
0.49
0.2
0.37
0.13
0.21
0.29
1.5
2.2
2.9
2.7
3.5
1.8
560
347
298
359
301
458
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
3
0.08
0.29
0.36
0.23
0.19
0.39
Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
6.0
5.8
6.6
0.89
1.14
2.03
3.0
2.54
4.23
1.5
0.82
1.23
0.71
0.56
1.06
1.19
1.84
1.39
0.01
<0.01
0.04
0.29
0.19
0.67
2.2
1.6
2.6
438
228
353
3.8
3.4
1.4
0.45
0.55
0.2
Till
Till
6.5
6.5
0.95
1.36
2.82
3.69
2
1.38
0.48
1.42
1.5
1.1
<0.01
0.03
0.34
0.38
3.2
6.5
410
5 04
2.5
3 .2
0.22
1.15
Till
Till
6.1
7.2
1.16
2.38
2.47
3.47
1.86
1.14
0.49
1.4
1.38
1.49
0.01
0.02
0.29
0.38
1.7
15
382
292
3.4
3
0.51
0.49
Till
Coarse
Till
7.6
3.9
6.8
0.64
0.42
2.22
4.29
2.3
2.83
2.41
1.0
1.2
1.06
0.25
1.04
1.08
1.4
1.44
0.02
<0.01
0.01
0.36
0.16
0.39
2.1
1.7
4.6
553
238
363
3. 2
1
2.1
0.4
0.12
0.2
97-C
244-C
Avalon
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam..Rocks.undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Rocks
Zp,
Zsph,
and Pn
DSw
11-C
89-C
19-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Avalon
Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Metam..Rocks.undiv.
Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Metam. Rocks (other)
Omau
OCs
Zw
55-C
78-C
44-C
79-C
32-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Bronson Hill Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Granite
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Basin Sedim.
Granite (other)
Granite (other)
Rocks
Rocks
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Og
Omo
OCr
DSt
Jp
75-C
81-C
12212-C
51-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Avalon
Avalon
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks (other)
Metam. Rocks (other)
Ohb
Ob
Zp
Zp
1524-C
67-C
21-C
53-C
41-C
38-C
Grenville Belt
Mesozoic Basin
Mesozoic Basin
Mesozoic Basin
NH - ME Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Granite
Basin Sedim.
Rocks
Basin Sedim.
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Grenville Granite
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Basalt
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Granite (other)
Rocks
Ygr
TRnh
Jta
TRnh
Dc
DSt
50-C
60-C
10601-C
Avalon
Bronson Hill Sequence
Avalon
Granite
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Avalon Granite
Granite (other)
Metam. Rocks (other)
Zsh
Omo
Zp
52-C
70-C
Avalon
NH - ME Sequence
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Avalon Granite
Calcgranofels
Zspp
SOh
92-C
86-C
Avalon
NH - ME Sequence
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Avalon Granite
Calcgranofels
Zspp
SOh
8692-C
39-C
66-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
NH - ME Sequence
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Calcgranofels
Calcgranofels
Or
SOh
SOh
57-C
Avalon
Granite
Avalon Granite
Zss
Pink +
Gneiss
New Haven Arkose
:
Basalt
New Haven Arkose
Canterbury Gneiss
The Straits Schist
Hope Valley Alaskite
Gneiss
Monson Gneiss
Fm.
;#' phase of
Hill Granite
Gneiss
Hebron Gneiss
;#' phase of
Hill Granite
Gneiss
Hebron Gneiss
Ratlum Mountain
Schist
Hebron Gneiss
Hebron Gneiss
"Scituate" Granite
Gneiss
Till
5.2
0.68
1.13
2.76
0.18
1.74
<0.01
0.13
0.6
230
2. 8
0.05
29-C
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Owm
Basal marble member
of Walloomsac Schist Till
6.8
1.2
4.7
2.5
1.3
0.9
0.01
0.39
2.9
601
2.3
0.31
# Meadow Fm.
Ratlum Mountain
Schist
Till
6.5
0.48
3.63
1.66
0.6
1.64
<0.01
0.31
5.4
431
2.3
0.25
Till
5.7
0.83
3.7
1.4
0.6
1.2
0.02
0.36
7.9
370
2
0.1
4.0
4.2
6.7
0.79
0.55
1.1
0.63
1.75
2.6
1.8
1.11
2.0
0.11
0.29
0.61
1.25
1.38
1.4
<0.01
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.12
0.29
<0.6
1.0
2.4
805
231
747
1.5
1.4
3.4
<0.04
0.09
0. 4 3
4.3
0.62
1.31
2.01
0.17
1.18
<0.01
0.11
1.3
340
1.7
0.11
6.8
1.21
3.37
1.81
0.67
1.44
0.02
0.38
1.6
486
2.4
0.11
4.8
6. 6
1.3
0.56
1.6
3.3
1.6
3.5
0.43
0.63
1.4
0.66
<0.01
0.01
0.2
0.41
2.2
1.6
312
683
1.8
2.9
0.05
0.23
8.2
3.7
8.1
6.2
6.6
0.62
0.47
0.98
1.01
0.97
4.36
1.54
4.4
2.85
2.6
2.54
0.81
2.8
2.18
2.1
1.27
0.23
1.2
0.59
0.64
1.1
1.62
1.3
1.48
1.3
0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.41
0.12
0.39
0.27
0.39
2.5
1.3
2.4
2.8
2.1
711
230
66 1
486
552
5
1.1
3
3.3
2
0.22
0.14
0.23
0.25
0.14
7.0
5.2
1.51
0.93
3.81
3.48
1.51
1.03
0.87
0.51
1.69
1.57
0.02
<0.01
0.37
0.3
1.5
4.4
39 8
337
2
2
0.05
0.41
6.9
5.5
5.7
6.1
1.2
1.1
0.68
0.33
2.7
1.0
2.33
3.42
2.1
2.2
1.79
1.82
0.66
0.27
0.29
0.87
1.7
1.6
1.1
1.61
0.01
<0.01
0.03
<0.01
0.32
0.14
0.28
0.26
1.2
3.9
2.6
5.3
468
399
349
332
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.4
0.19
0.14
0.31
0.46
7.4
2.42
1.62
1.85
0.01
0.41
2.9
387
2.1
%, weight percent
--, not measured
NA, not applicable
<, less than
0.2
72-C
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedim.
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Jsm
17-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Or
Upper part of Maltby
Lakes Metavolcanics
Stockbridge Marble
Waterford Group
Ordovician? gneiss
Monson Gneiss
Rowe Schist
The Straits Schist
Portland Arkose
Beardsley Member of
Harrison Gneiss
* Gneiss
Fm.
Fm.
Glastonbury Gneiss
Till
New Haven Arkose
Coarse
Monson Gneiss
Till
"Scituate" Granite
Zss
Gneiss
3433-C
Avalon
Granite
Granite (other)
Coarse
Ratlum Mountain
Or
Schist
85-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Coarse
Black Hill Member of
Oqb
Quinebaug Fm.
46-C
Avalon
Rocks
Rocks
Coarse
Cd
Dalton Fm.
Till
48-C
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Ratlum Mountain
Or
Schist
61-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Till
Jp
Portland Arkose
2409-C
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedim.
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Coarse
Ob
* Gneiss
22-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Rocks
Rocks
Fine
Dng
Nonewaug Granite
98-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Granite
Granite (other)
Thick Till
Ota
Tatnic Hill Fm.
36-C
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Calcgranofels
Till
Rusty Mica Schist and
Ygs
Gneiss
76-C
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Schists
Till
SOh
Hebron Gneiss
82-C
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Calcgranofels
Coarse
Wildcat Member of
Otw
Taine Mountain Fm.
14-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Coarse
Ota
Tatnic Hill Fm.
40-C
Avalon
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Till
Zsp
Ponaganset Gneiss
83-C
Avalon
Granite
Avalon Granite
Thick Till
Jeb
East Berlin Fm.
63-C
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedim.
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Coarse
Hornblende gneiss and
Ygh
amphibolite
58-C
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Till
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; levels of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
68-C
90-C
30-C
Bronson Hill Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Bronson Hill Sequence
Granite
Basin Sedim.
Granite
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Granite (other)
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Granite (other)
Ogl
TRnh
Omo
16
4.29
1.43
NH, New Hampshire
ME, Maine
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 2
(page 2 of 4)
Field
Cd
Ce
Co
C
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
S
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
99-C
0.2
89
33
39
17
16
21
0.02
0.07
42
40
1,230
1.0
15.7
18.6
500
43
109
0.21
13
0.9
3.1
121
13.5
0.7
3.2
71
2.2
15.5
65
62-C
0.1
100
9.3
39
6
12
15
0.06
0.06
46
28
552
0.98
15
15
600
25
76
0.19
12
0.5
2.6
148
11.3
0.5
2.8
75
1.2
19.2
53
97-C
244-C
0.1
<0.1
40
81
8.8
21
22
99
<5
5
24
36
11
20
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.07
19
38
18
50
955
1,110
0.46
0.55
3.5
13.7
11.3
54.2
280
650
25
28
53
107
<0.05
0.11
12
18
0.3
<0.2
0.9
3.3
106
87.4
7.1
11.1
0.3
0.7
3.2
2.6
70
113
0.7
1.4
14.6
16.4
43
97
11-C
89-C
19-C
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
85
106
81
13
16
6.8
45
55
26
<5
<5
<5
26
23
10
13
21
12
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.04
36
50
37
22
47
15
644
691
430
0.69
0.63
0.64
9.1
18.2
9.5
16
24.8
11
280
400
540
20
20
19
63
97
52
0.17
0.06
0.14
14
16
11
<0.2
<0.2
0.3
1.7
2.3
1.6
106
144
122
21.2
11
11
0.3
0.6
0.2
3.8
2.5
3
78
83
51
0.7
0.7
0.8
16.9
23.2
16.7
42
84
33
55-C
78-C
44-C
79-C
32-C
0.1
<0.1
0.3
<0.1
<0.1
86
79
94
79
70
12
6.4
15
14
12
35
36
42
51
24
<5
<5
<5
5
<5
19
6.5
12
17
28
18
15
19
18
12
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.06
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.04
39
39
40
32
33
45
22
35
50
26
659
315
615
810
686
1.1
1.6
1.2
0.74
0.7
18
12
17
11.7
6.1
16
8.8
19
23
12
880
190
500
350
280
24
22
36
26
23
114
70
96
107
64
0.09
0.38
0.2
0.09
0.19
12
12
15
17
10
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.2
0.5
2.7
2
2.7
2.9
1.3
176
144
178
107
98.7
10.1
10.5
9.9
11.4
10.6
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.4
3.3
3.4
3
3.4
1.9
64
73
83
88
85
0.8
1
0.8
1.2
0.6
20.6
20.3
22.6
18.4
15.2
61
33
90
66
52
75-C
81-C
12212-C
51-C
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
28
87
68
44
5.1
14
7.3
7.4
6
40
38
13
<5
<5
<5
<5
9.9
12
6.6
2.1
12
16
15
10
<0.01
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.04
10
40
26
21
14
20
20
16
480
566
436
222
0.26
2.3
0.67
0.35
7.2
15.2
10.8
8.1
4.4
13.2
12.8
10
340
260
270
120
32
20
21
13
81
58
66
81
<0.05
0.15
0.21
<0.05
5.7
14
10
6
<0.2
0.2
0.4
<0.2
1.5
2.1
1.9
2.1
162
199
129
49.1
4.7
10.3
9.3
8
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.3
1.7
6.1
2.1
0.9
22
73
63
21
0.3
0.8
0.7
0.5
15.5
17
15
7
26
44
41
47
1524-C
67-C
21-C
53-C
41-C
38-C
<0.1
<0.1
0.3
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
98
61
63
108
58
69
17
9.5
23
8.1
7.6
13
53
26
82
19
32
48
<5
<5
6
<5
<5
5
20
18
93
8.7
16
19
19
13
16
13
12
16
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.04
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.05
48
27
30
52
29
29
21
18
25
13
18
64
907
333
1,790
431
1,620
589
0.88
0.41
0.65
0.39
1.2
0.57
11.7
6.8
7.8
6
6.8
8.8
20.7
11
30
8.6
9.9
26
700
190
780
210
550
480
14
20
20
23
22
25
65
76
51
105
53
94
0.1
0.17
0.23
0.1
<0.05
0.06
16
9.1
18
9.9
18
14
<0.2
<0.2
0.5
<0.2
0.4
0.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.5
2.3
268
70.9
103
72
122
109
8.2
13
7.7
20.8
7.7
11.1
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
1.4
2.1
3.4
2.1
2.6
2.8
87
62
157
45
54
86
0.5
0.6
1.1
0.5
6.2
1
28.2
13.5
26.7
13.3
31
18
64
34
130
38
38
64
50-C
60-C
10601-C
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
99
32
53
12
8.9
13
30
23
51
6
<5
<5
45
17
10
17
13
17
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.04
0.07
35
14
28
30
28
13
570
950
812
3.9
0.36
0.66
17
14
11
18
12
16.5
230
170
630
26
18
16
104
52
50
0.16
0.1
0.25
11
12
18
0.5
<0.2
0.5
3.3
1.5
1.7
113
90
196
11.8
5
6.5
0.6
0.3
0.4
13.5
1.7
1.6
71
62
135
1.1
1
0.8
26.7
15
26.1
76
39
46
52-C
70-C
<0.1
<0.1
89
83
10
16
25
97
<5
9
8.3
44
17
20
0.03
0.07
0.07
0.07
35
43
20
43
478
458
1.1
4.5
19.2
15
9.8
49
410
360
23
23
98
96
0.31
0.13
14
15
0.5
0.5
2.8
4.1
151
152
12.9
11.5
0.5
0.6
4.1
3
65
98
1.1
1.6
16.1
25.1
40
64
92-C
86-C
<0.1
<0.1
89
77
8.2
15
26
90
8
7
11
14
18
18
0.02
0.03
0.07
0.06
44
22
29
47
427
575
0.7
2.1
15.8
13.9
9.2
32.5
190
580
21
25
120
71
0.22
0.17
13
15
0.3
0.3
2.8
2.5
141
222
14.5
7.2
0.8
0.4
12.2
4.8
70
90
0.9
1.8
29.2
23.1
34
69
8692-C
39-C
66-C
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
115
43
86
18
4.5
13
55
17
54
13
<5
<5
45
8.4
21
23
7
14
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.09
<0.02
0.04
47
19
40
72
10
17
976
651
598
1.3
0.51
0.68
11.5
4.1
10
25.5
6.4
27
310
200
910
23
15
19
107
32
51
0.17
0.07
0.15
18
8.3
14
0.3
0.3
<0.2
3.2
0.7
1.6
108
75.3
287
13.1
6.5
11.4
0.9
0.2
0.3
3.4
2.4
3.3
105
43
95
1.3
0.8
1.2
19.7
16.5
22.6
76
22
43
57-C
<0.1
36
3.6
7
<5
2.9
15
0.02
0.04
14
8
208
0.26
17
3.2
260
22
165
0.08
4.9
<0.2
1.6
83.4
8.7
0.6
5.5
20
0.3
18.3
21
29-C
0.2
86
16
43
<5
29
17
0.02
0.08
41
38
1,180
1.1
14
23
640
26
102
0.12
14
<0.2
2.3
161
10.7
0.6
2.4
97
0.6
26.3
63
72-C
<0.1
98
17
44
6
10
17
0.03
0.07
42
36
1,300
0.95
11
17
380
27
92
0.39
15
0.5
2.2
98.6
12.5
0.4
3
110
1.2
16.9
50
17-C
<0.1
88
10
33
<5
23
14
0.06
0.05
41
22
673
1.4
9.7
14
300
20
55
0.11
12
0.3
1.6
154
7.8
0.4
2.5
66
0.7
19.2
47
68-C
90-C
30-C
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
19
32
77
1.8
5.3
8.8
5
17
39
<5
<5
10
3.2
8.8
17
6
9
16
0.02
0.02
0.03
<0.02
0.02
0.05
12
15
37
6
11
45
259
567
387
1
0.34
1.7
4.3
3.3
12
1.8
6.5
12
70
280
320
15
19
24
50
47
107
<0.05
0.07
0.08
4.6
7.1
13
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.6
0.8
2.7
133
93.2
153
3.2
4.4
14.9
0.3
0.2
0.7
3.5
1.2
4.2
17
35
85
0.6
0.3
1.5
8.9
10.7
19
9
27
29
3433-C
<0.1
38
3.2
11
<5
3.1
10
0.02
0.02
14
8
233
0.34
8.2
3.7
250
15
89
0.14
4.4
<0.2
1.3
87.4
6.1
0.5
1.3
25
1.6
14.8
21
85-C
0.2
72
12
45
<5
19
17
0.04
0.06
30
28
668
1.1
12.7
17.3
1180
26
72
0.14
13
0.6
2.2
174
7.7
0.4
2
74
0.7
14.6
68
46-C
48-C
<0.1
<0.1
44
71
6.7
12
24
38
<5
<5
7.2
15
10
20
0.01
0.04
0.03
0.08
19
34
8
27
340
477
0.39
0.66
6.4
17
11
18
670
710
19
18
65
113
0.1
0.1
8.2
13
<0.2
0.2
1.3
2.8
167
118
5.4
9.3
0.3
0.5
1.4
1.9
39
74
0.6
1.1
15.5
22.8
24
51
61-C
2409-C
22-C
98-C
36-C
0.1
<0.1
0.1
0.1
<0.1
172
51
119
105
135
21
3.1
18
11
9.1
65
10
57
32
48
19
<5
6
<5
<5
40
5
27
20
12
23
7
23
18
17
0.04
<0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.09
<0.02
0.1
0.06
0.06
98
23
58
47
65
160
8
55
29
20
684
765
821
696
473
2.7
0.26
3.1
1.0
1.9
13
2.9
16
10.8
15
48
4.8
26
17.9
16
400
400
520
470
220
28
12
24
23
29
119
31
124
91
97
0.15
0.07
0.13
0.07
0.16
18
7.3
19
14
15
0.4
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
2.8
0.6
3.4
3.2
2.1
140
77.1
163
150
186
12
10.5
12.3
11.4
18.6
0.6
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.5
6.1
1.8
6
4.3
4.3
107
29
96
66
68
4.2
0.4
1
1
1
28.2
17.7
23.7
19.2
24.5
106
16
87
49
44
76-C
82-C
<0.1
<0.1
164
71
22
10
41
29
<5
<5
56
23
20
12
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.05
76
31
19
16
729
761
1.5
1.0
12
6.8
23
12.8
690
220
12
21
94
49
0.15
0.18
14
14
0.4
<0.2
1.7
1.4
213
111
18.2
11.1
0.6
0.3
2.1
3.4
88
72
0.4
1.3
32.6
29.8
67
30
14-C
40-C
83-C
63-C
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
0.1
115
37
67
73
9
3.9
5.8
16
33
17
26
40
<5
<5
6
5
22
5.2
6.9
35
16
11
15
17
0.03
0.02
0.07
0.03
0.06
0.02
0.05
0.06
51
17
31
30
27
8
22
51
571
283
386
555
0.42
0.2
1.2
1.1
11
7.9
14.6
12
16
6.8
6.9
31
440
370
680
350
22
27
23
24
75
80
94
104
0.1
0.06
0.19
0.48
13
6.5
9.3
15
0.2
<0.2
0.6
<0.2
2
1.4
2.7
2.5
160
155
106
77.9
12.8
5.9
10.5
11.7
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.6
3.5
1.5
2.7
3.2
66
20
53
91
0.8
0.5
1
1.6
22.9
14.1
20.9
15.7
47
17
44
64
58-C
0.1
93
21
53
<5
19
19
0.03
0.07
47
20
841
0.77
12
23
890
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological ' contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
14
57
0.13
15
<0.2
2
298
NH, New Hampshire
ME, Maine
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
7.8
0.5
1.5
96
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
17
0.6
25.4
%, weight percent
--, not measured
NA, not applicable
<, less than
Volume 32 (2014)
84
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 2
(page 3 of 4)
Field
Geologic /e
Rock A ")
Rock B ?@
Unit
code
88-C
12-C
31-C
28-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Avalon
Grenville Belt
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks (other)
Metam. Rocks (other)
Cma
Cm
Ota
Ygn
94-C
74-C
65-C
33-C
20-C
25-C
47-C
95-C
Grenville Shelf Sequence
NH - ME Sequence
Bronson Hill Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
NH - ME Sequence
NH - ME Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Carbonate Rocks
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Basin Sedim.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Basin Sedim.
Carbonate Rocks
Schists
Granite (other)
Rocks
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Schists
Schists
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Csc
Obr
Ogl
Ch
Jp
Obr
Obr
Jp
71-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Or
43-C
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Csb
54-C
37-C
9577-C
15-C
91-C
49-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
NH - ME Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Basin Sedim.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Basin Sedim.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Schists
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Rocks
Schists
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Rocks
Cmcu
TRnh
Ch
Obr
Jp
Ch
16-C
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Otay
84-C
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Calcgranofels
SObl
84B-C1
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Calcgranofels
SObl
Unit
Amphibolite-bearing
unit of #
Schist
#
Schist
Tatnic Hill Fm.
Layered Gneiss
Unit c of Stockbridge
Marble
Schist
Glastonbury Gneiss
Hoosac Schist
Portland Arkose
Schist
Schist
Portland Arkose
Ratlum Mountain
Schist
Unit b of Stockbridge
Marble
Upper slice of Canaan
Mountain Schist
New Haven Arkose
Hoosac Schist
Schist
Portland Arkose
Hoosac Schist
[
Member of
Tatnic Hill Fm.
Lower Member of
Bigelow Brook Fm.
Lower Member of
Bigelow Brook Fm.
>
(%) Fe (%)
K (%) Mg (%) (%)
S (%) Ti (%)
A
B
Be
Bi
Till
Coarse
Till
Till
6.6
7.1
6.0
6.9
2.25
1.3
1.2
1.1
4.98
3.3
2.1
4.5
1.24
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.35
0.72
0.66
0.75
1.41
1.73
1.2
1.3
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.61
0.34
0.33
0.44
2. 0
2.2
9.5
2.8
334
503
407
522
2
2
3
2.1
0.17
0.08
0.38
0.12
Thick Till
Till
Till
Till
Fine
Till
Till
Fine
6.5
5.5
6.2
6.4
10
6.5
4.6
5.7
0.14
1.27
1.03
1.7
0.57
2.1
0.69
0.86
4.76
1.86
2.68
3.1
5.5
1.9
3.2
2.38
3.3
1.22
1.41
2.0
3.5
1.2
2.1
1.61
1
0.4
0.6
1.0
1.5
0.56
0.51
0.61
0.56
1.52
1.59
1.6
1.1
2.1
0.74
1.5
0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
0.01
0.03
0.1
0.21
0.16
0.28
0.38
0.39
0.13
0.28
0.23
7.2
0.7
2.6
1.0
4.2
<0.6
0.8
2.3
541
417
424
530
800
447
603
489
2.3
1.5
1.9
2.2
3.5
1.8
0.8
2.1
0.23
0.09
0.19
<0.04
0.39
0.15
<0.04
0.13
Till
6.0
1.03
2.46
1.73
0.56
1.63
<0.01
0.22
0.9
468
2. 2
0.24
Coarse
4.7
0.44
3.0
2.3
0.85
0.56
<0.01
0.25
3.5
391
1.5
0.08
Till
Till
Till
Till
Coarse
Till
6.0
6.3
5.6
6.0
5.1
6.4
1.35
0.65
1.09
0.75
0.48
0.47
4.35
2.9
2.55
4.3
1.48
3.2
1.25
1.7
1.58
1.9
1.57
1.4
0.82
0.55
0.46
0.77
0.34
0.41
1.09
1.2
1.31
0.88
2.02
0.77
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
<0.01
0.03
0.55
0.35
0.28
0.37
0.1
0.3
2.9
2.9
1.3
2.0
1.2
4.0
438
406
52 5
574
503
392
1.5
1.9
2
1. 9
1.5
2.5
0.15
0.19
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.54
Till
5.1
0.84
1.9
1.8
0.42
1.1
0.01
0.27
5. 8
401
2.1
0.09
Till
5.7
0.72
3.23
1.9
0.65
0.91
0.03
0.36
4.3
558
2
0.2
Till
6.5
0.65
3.18
1.92
0.62
0.95
0.04
0.35
6.8
48 2
2.2
0.14
8.4
9.2
0.14
0.3
0.98
1.05
0.66
0.77
0.02
<0.01
0.35
0.39
6.2
630
2.8
4.6
608
3
%, weight percent
--, not measured
NA, not applicable
<, less than
0.37
0.21
Ow
Walloomsac Schist
80B2
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Till
Ow
Walloomsac Schist
80-C
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Till
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; levels of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
1
Collected from the &
between the B and C horizons.
2
Collected from the B horizon and not used in data analyses.
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Al (%)
18
4.93
2.54
5.28
2.42
NH, New Hampshire
ME, Maine
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 2
(page 4 of 4)
Field
Cd
Ce
Co
C
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
S
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
88-C
12-C
31-C
28-C
0.1
0.3
<0.1
<0.1
72
59
88
100
20
11
7.9
24
50
37
43
48
<5
<5
<5
<5
41
15
23
34
18
17
16
19
0.07
0.08
0.03
0.1
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.07
32
27
38
52
32
32
21
32
808
747
398
552
0.88
0.65
0.41
6.1
16.5
9.8
14
15
25.8
15
24
36
1150
890
500
640
16
27
26
17
49
75
98
94
0.22
0.16
0.16
0.2
20
11
11
13
0.8
0.3
<0.2
1
2.1
2
3.1
2.5
196
193
152
168
6
6.5
14
7.4
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.7
2.1
2.2
4
8.4
130
73
56
86
0.5
0.5
1.2
0.7
24.1
15.3
24.5
30
76
85
39
96
94-C
74-C
65-C
33-C
20-C
25-C
47-C
95-C
0.4
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.2
100
49
83
89
105
48
139
54
21
5.4
9.8
13
23
10
7.3
11
48
24
31
38
85
22
28
40
<5
<5
<5
<5
9
<5
<5
<5
33
9.5
10
15
37
10
13
15
18
11
14
17
30
13
10
13
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.11
0.04
0.04
0.05
48
22
36
43
50
23
67
25
35
7
19
17
67
7
4
24
1,230
400
441
468
741
434
784
466
1.5
0.66
0.76
0.52
0.6
0.26
1.1
0.7
7
4.2
8.4
13
16
3.7
5.8
8.1
39.9
9.1
11
15
40
8.9
11
16.2
570
250
370
560
410
240
400
540
25
19
21
13
32
14
28
25
115
44
59
56
196
44
71
75
0.33
0.06
0.16
0.07
0.15
<0.05
<0.05
0.16
14
11
14
16
24
16
15
12
<0.2
<0.2
0.3
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
0.2
0.3
1.9
0.7
1.6
1.9
3.8
1.1
0.5
1.9
70.5
149
148
211
139
135
159
159
11.1
6.6
10.2
7.8
13.8
7.3
23.7
6.3
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4
1
0.2
0.4
0.3
1.8
1.7
2.5
1.9
3.9
2.3
2.5
2.3
79
43
76
74
147
57
43
67
0.8
0.3
0.7
0.7
1.8
0.5
0.4
0.7
25.9
16.2
14.3
26.5
24.2
17.2
28.4
15.7
103
23
45
59
119
30
38
56
71-C
<0.1
82
9.3
26
<5
12
14
0.03
0.04
35
19
655
0.38
8.8
17
410
22
67
<0.05
10
<0.2
1.5
169
10.5
0.4
2.5
48
0.5
17.7
39
43-C
0.1
79
10
30
<5
15
11
0.02
0.04
39
23
685
0.72
6.1
16
580
16
59
0.11
8.9
<0.2
1.2
82.9
7
0.4
1.5
45
0.4
16.7
71
54-C
37-C
9577-C
15-C
91-C
49-C
0.2
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
84
85
52
96
40
80
10
8.7
6
12
5.9
10
52
44
33
47
21
42
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
7
9.7
25
12
26
15
28
19
17
15
14
11
19
0.11
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.1
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.07
0.02
0.08
39
38
21
44
19
34
20
27
15
12
10
40
428
410
445
556
268
355
1.3
0.67
0.98
2.1
0.4
1.5
12
12
8.6
11
3.2
12
17
14
10
20
10.1
22
1260
850
360
400
240
420
17
22
15
24
22
29
46
79
51
80
57
89
0.14
0.19
0.18
0.09
0.13
0.35
13
14
9.3
19
6.9
10
0.9
<0.2
0.3
0.5
<0.2
1.1
1.8
2.2
1.7
0.9
0.8
2.8
257
119
146
163
174
86.5
6.1
10.4
6.9
13.1
4.8
10.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.7
1.6
3.1
1.3
2.1
1.2
2.9
101
83
53
89
38
81
0.6
1
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.9
16.4
18.3
14
19.4
7.9
15
78
55
52
59
25
59
16-C
<0.1
105
7.1
29
<5
8
12
0.02
0.04
48
15
411
0.77
10
11
570
26
81
0.08
9.5
<0.2
1.7
160
15.1
0.4
4.9
42
0.8
18.9
31
84-C
<0.1
114
13
44
<5
20
15
0.02
0.06
53
17
667
1.3
12.1
19.4
510
32
101
0.15
15
0.3
1.4
181
19
0.6
3.5
63
0.6
25.4
48
84B-C1
<0.1
110
15
46
<5
20
16
0.1
0.06
46
24
483
1.3
12.1
23.4
430
28
91
0.22
15
0.5
1.9
163
13.7
0.4
3.3
71
0.9
19.4
62
80B2
<0.1
107
23
56
5
38
25
0.02
0.1
38
62
928
0.95
15
31.4
280
80-C
<0.1
108
21
64
5
32
26
0.02
0.1
67
71
952
0.92
13.8
32.8
470
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; levels of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
1
Collected from the &
between the B and C horizons.
2
Collected from the B horizon and not used in data analyses.
28
28
133
117
0.26
0.29
17
19
<0.2
3.2
94
<0.2
3.1
111
NH, New Hampshire
ME, Maine
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
12.4
11.4
0.7
0.6
2.8
4.9
96
100
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
19
1.2
17.3
92
1.2
28.5
106
%, weight percent
--, not measured
NA, not applicable
<, less than
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 3
Lithologic descriptions for Geologic Provinces, Rock Group A, and Rock Group B in Connecticut
Field
Geologic /e
Rock A ")
Rock B ?@
Unit
code
99-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
OCr?
62-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Schists
Rowe Schist
Carringtons Pond
Member of Trap Falls
Fm.
Fm., Hill Granite Gneiss and
Pier
Granite Undiv.
Coarse
Wepawaug Schist
Till
Unit
>
A
B
Be
Bi
Till
6.8
0.53
2.73
1.85
0.54
1.1
0.03
0.37
2.5
586
2.9
0.42
Thick Till
6.4
0.91
3.03
1.67
0.65
1.23
0.03
0.37
3.1
406
2.5
0.17
5.8
6.8
1
0.17
2.91
4.43
1.34
2.01
0.52
1.52
1.89
0.91
<0.01
<0.01
0.14
0.44
2.0
1.9
274
475
1.8
2.3
0.38
0.27
Till
Till
Till
6.0
7.6
5.3
0.83
1.25
0.9
2.8
4.06
2.1
1.3
1.96
1.3
0.67
1.77
0.47
1.5
1.09
1.5
0.02
<0.01
0.02
0.3
0.4
0.23
3.5
0. 9
2. 8
288
488
338
1.7
2.9
1.8
0.19
0.07
0.15
Till
Till
Till
Till
Till
6.7
6.3
6.9
7.3
5.5
1.13
0.96
0.97
0.68
0.33
2.84
2.78
3.6
3.64
2.6
2.42
1.43
1.9
2.01
1.7
0.83
0.42
1.2
0.74
0.36
1.56
1.59
1.3
1.04
1.6
0.02
<0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.01
0.31
0.27
0.4
0.31
0.23
2. 6
4.5
7.4
3.4
3.3
478
404
527
407
431
3.1
2.4
2.5
3
1.2
0.1
0.21
0.13
0.27
0.12
Till
Till
Fine
Till
5.7
6.4
5.6
4.1
1.33
1.06
0.8
0.18
1.17
3.36
2.41
1.1
1.75
1.5
1.57
1.7
0.24
0.67
0.52
0.38
2.04
1.49
1.16
0.29
<0.01
0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.15
0.39
0.32
0.12
3.2
2.1
3.7
<0.6
325
444
417
355
3.7
2 .6
1.7
0.7
0.39
0.15
0.21
0
Till
Till
Till
Till
Coarse
Till
6.6
5.2
6.6
5.4
5.5
7.2
1.57
0.26
0.43
0.17
1.1
0.64
3.91
2.01
5.0
2.03
3.6
3.5
1.66
1.4
0.7
2.3
1.2
1.8
1.02
0.41
0.37
0.3
0.57
0.7
1.62
1.88
1.6
1.31
1.2
1.2
0.01
<0.01
0.02
<0.01
0.05
0.03
0.49
0.2
0.37
0.13
0.21
0.29
1.5
2. 2
2.9
2.7
3.5
1.8
560
347
2 98
359
301
458
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.9
3
0.08
0.29
0.36
0.23
0.19
0.39
Till
Thick Till
Thick Till
6.0
5.8
6.6
0.89
1.14
2.03
3.0
2.54
4.23
1.5
0.82
1.23
0.71
0.56
1.06
1.19
1.84
1.39
0.01
<0.01
0.04
0.29
0.19
0.67
2.2
1.6
2.6
4 38
228
353
3.8
3.4
1.4
0.45
0.55
0.2
Till
Till
6.5
6.5
0.95
1.36
2.82
3.69
2
1.38
0.48
1.42
1.5
1.1
<0.01
0.03
0.34
0.38
3.2
6.5
410
504
2.5
3.2
0.22
1.15
Till
Till
6 .1
7 .2
1.16
2.38
2.47
3.47
1.86
1.14
0.49
1.4
1.38
1.49
0.01
0.02
0.29
0.38
1. 7
15
382
292
3.4
3
0.51
0.49
Till
Coarse
Till
7.6
3.9
6.8
0.64
0.42
2.22
4.29
2.3
2.83
2.41
1.0
1.2
1.06
0.25
1.04
1.08
1.4
1.44
0.02
<0.01
0.01
0.36
0.16
0.39
2.1
1.7
4.6
553
238
363
3.2
1
2.1
0.4
0.12
0.2
Till
5.2
0.68
1.13
2.76
0.18
1.74
<0.01
0.13
0.6
230
2.8
0.05
97-C
244-C
Avalon
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam..Rocks.undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Rocks
Zp,
Zsph,
and Pn
DSw
11-C
89-C
19-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Avalon
Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Metam..Rocks.undiv.
Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Metam. Rocks (other)
Omau
OCs
Zw
55-C
78-C
44-C
79-C
32-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Bronson Hill Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Granite
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Basin Sedim.
Granite (other)
Granite (other)
Rocks
Rocks
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Og
Omo
OCr
DSt
Jp
75-C
81-C
12212-C
51-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Avalon
Avalon
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Rocks
Metam. Rocks (other)
Metam. Rocks (other)
Ohb
Ob
Zp
Zp
1524-C
67-C
21-C
53-C
41-C
38-C
Grenville Belt
Mesozoic Basin
Mesozoic Basin
Mesozoic Basin
NH - ME Sequence
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Granite
Basin Sedim.
Rocks
Basin Sedim.
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Grenville Granite
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Basalt
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Granite (other)
Rocks
Ygr
TRnh
Jta
TRnh
Dc
DSt
50-C
60-C
10601-C
Avalon
Bronson Hill Sequence
Avalon
Granite
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Avalon Granite
Granite (other)
Metam. Rocks (other)
Zsh
Omo
Zp
52-C
70-C
Avalon
NH - ME Sequence
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Avalon Granite
Calcgranofels
Zspp
SOh
92-C
86-C
Avalon
NH - ME Sequence
Granite
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Avalon Granite
Calcgranofels
Zspp
SOh
8692-C
39-C
66-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
NH - ME Sequence
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Calcgranofels
Calcgranofels
Or
SOh
SOh
57-C
Avalon
Granite
Avalon Granite
Zss
Pink +
Gneiss
New Haven Arkose
:
Basalt
New Haven Arkose
Canterbury Gneiss
The Straits Schist
Hope Valley Alaskite
Gneiss
Monson Gneiss
Fm.
;#' phase of
Hill Granite
Gneiss
Hebron Gneiss
;#' phase of
Hill Granite
Gneiss
Hebron Gneiss
Ratlum Mountain
Schist
Hebron Gneiss
Hebron Gneiss
"Scituate" Granite
Gneiss
Basal marble member
of Walloomsac Schist Till
29-C
Grenville Shelf Sequence
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Owm
72-C
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedim.
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Jsm
Rocks
Or
17-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Upper part of Maltby
Lakes Metavolcanics
Stockbridge Marble
Waterford Group
Ordovician? gneiss
Monson Gneiss
Rowe Schist
The Straits Schist
Portland Arkose
Beardsley Member of
Harrison Gneiss
* Gneiss
Fm.
Fm.
# Meadow Fm.
Ratlum Mountain
Schist
Till
Till
Glastonbury Gneiss
Till
New Haven Arkose
Coarse
Monson Gneiss
Till
"Scituate" Granite
Zss
Gneiss
3433-C
Avalon
Granite
Granite (other)
Coarse
Ratlum Mountain
Or
Schist
85-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Coarse
Black Hill Member of
Oqb
Quinebaug Fm.
46-C
Avalon
Rocks
Rocks
Coarse
Cd
Dalton Fm.
Till
48-C
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Ratlum Mountain
Or
Schist
61-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Till
Jp
Portland Arkose
2409-C
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedim.
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Coarse
Ob
* Gneiss
22-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Rocks
Rocks
Fine
Dng
Nonewaug Granite
98-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Granite
Granite (other)
Thick Till
Ota
Tatnic Hill Fm.
36-C
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Calcgranofels
Till
Rusty Mica Schist and
Ygs
Gneiss
76-C
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Schists
Till
SOh
Hebron Gneiss
82-C
NH - ME Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Calcgranofels
Coarse
Wildcat Member of
Otw
Taine Mountain Fm.
14-C
Eugeosynclinal Sequence
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Rocks
Coarse
Ota
Tatnic Hill Fm.
40-C
Avalon
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Till
Zsp
Ponaganset Gneiss
83-C
Avalon
Granite
Avalon Granite
Thick Till
Jeb
East Berlin Fm.
63-C
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedim.
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Coarse
Hornblende gneiss and
Ygh
amphibolite
Till
58-C
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks undiv.
Metam. Rocks (other)
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; levels of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
68-C
90-C
30-C
Bronson Hill Sequence
Mesozoic Basin
Bronson Hill Sequence
Granite
Basin Sedim.
Granite
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
Granite (other)
Mesozoic Basin Sedim.
Granite (other)
Ogl
TRnh
Omo
20
Al (%)
(%) Fe (%)
K (%) Mg (%) (%)
S (%) Ti (%)
6.8
1.2
4. 7
2.5
1.3
0.9
0.01
0.39
2.9
601
2. 3
0.31
6.5
0.48
3.63
1.66
0.6
1.64
<0.01
0.31
5.4
431
2.3
0.25
5.7
0.83
3.7
1.4
0.6
1.2
0.02
0.36
7.9
37 0
2
0. 1
4.0
4.2
6.7
0.79
0.55
1.1
0.63
1.75
2.6
1.8
1.11
2.0
0.11
0.29
0.61
1.25
1.38
1.4
<0.01
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.12
0.29
<0.6
1.0
2.4
805
231
747
1 .5
1.4
3.4
<0.04
0.09
0.43
4.3
0.62
1.31
2.01
0.17
1.18
<0.01
0.11
1.3
340
1.7
0.11
6.8
1.21
3.37
1.81
0.67
1.44
0.02
0.38
1.6
486
2.4
0.11
4.8
6.6
1.3
0.56
1.6
3.3
1.6
3.5
0.43
0.63
1.4
0.66
<0.01
0.01
0.2
0.41
2.2
1.6
312
683
1.8
2.9
0.05
0.23
8.2
3.7
8.1
6.2
6.6
0.62
0.47
0.98
1.01
0.97
4.36
1.54
4.4
2.85
2.6
2.54
0.81
2.8
2.18
2.1
1.27
0.23
1.2
0.59
0.64
1.1
1.62
1.3
1.48
1.3
0.01
<0.01
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.41
0.12
0.39
0.27
0.39
2. 5
1.3
2.4
2.8
2.1
711
230
661
486
552
5
1.1
3
3.3
2
0.22
0.14
0.23
0.25
0.14
7.0
5.2
1.51
0.93
3.81
3.48
1.51
1.03
0.87
0.51
1.69
1.57
0.02
<0.01
0.37
0.3
1.5
4.4
398
337
2
2
0.05
0.41
6.9
5.5
5.7
6.1
1.2
1.1
0.68
0.33
2.7
1.0
2.33
3.42
2.1
2.2
1.79
1.82
0.66
0.27
0.29
0.87
1.7
1.6
1.1
1.61
0.01
<0.01
0.03
<0.01
0.32
0.14
0.28
0.26
1.2
3.9
2.6
5.3
468
399
349
332
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.4
0.19
0.14
0.31
0.46
7.4
2.42
1.62
1.85
0.01
0.41
2.9
387
2.1
%, weight percent
--, not measured
NA, not applicable
<, less than
0.2
4.29
1.43
NH, New Hampshire
ME, Maine
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 4
Statistical summary of selected element concentrations in C-horizon soil samples collected from Connecticut,
based on their underlying geologic provinces and lithogeochemical rock groups, surficial materials groups,
and the direct exposure criteria for Connecticut soils
Rock unit
Al (%) Ca (%) Fe (%)
K (%) Mg (%) Na (%)
S (%)
Ti (%)
Ag
As
Ba
Be
Bi
Cd
Ce
Co
Cr
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
--
2,500
--
20
--
--
76,000
--
610
--
Department of Energy and Environmental /
(DEEP), 2013
Direct exposure
!
criteria for CT soils, Industrial/
State of CT
commercial
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
340
10
4,700
2
--
34
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
10,000
10
140,000
2
--
1,000
--
--
Cr(III)
3,900
100
Cr(V)
summary of element in C-horizon soils in CT
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
1- Grenville Shelf
Median:
Sequence
Maximum
n=6
Std Dev.:
Minimum
2- Grenville Belt
Median:
n=5
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
3- Eugeosyncline
Median:
Sequence
Maximum
n=24
Std Dev.:
Minimum
4- Mesozoic Basin Median:
n=12
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
5- Bronson Hill
Median:
Sequence
Maximum
n=5
Std Dev.:
Minimum
6- New HampshireMedian:
Maine Sequence
Maximum
n=14
Std Dev.:
Minimum
7- Avalon Belt
Median:
n=14
Maximum
Std Dev.:
All C-horizon soil
samples
n=79
3.7
6.3
10.2
1.1
4.7
6.8
9.2
-6.6
6.9
7.4
-5.6
6.7
8.2
0.69
3.7
5.6
10
1.6
4.0
6.2
6.7
-3.9
5.9
7.2
0.94
4.1
5.6
6.6
0.75
0.14
0.91
2.4
0.51
0.14
0.44
1.3
-0.56
1.5
2.4
-0.17
1.0
2.3
0.43
0.17
0.48
0.86
0.18
0.79
1.0
1.1
-0.42
0.95
2.4
0.63
0.18
0.93
2.0
0.42
0.6
3.0
5.5
1.1
3.0
4.7
5.3
-3.3
3.9
4.5
-1.2
3.3
5.0
0.84
1.5
2.5
5.5
1.3
0.63
2.6
2.8
-1.9
3.2
4.3
0.76
1.0
2.2
4.2
0.91
0.7
1.7
3.5
0.55
2.0
2.4
3.3
-1.4
1.7
3.5
-1.2
1.8
2.8
0.41
0.73
1.6
3.5
0.72
0.82
1.4
2.0
-0.95
1.3
2.1
0.42
1.2
1.7
2.8
0.41
0.11
0.6
1.8
0.37
0.85
1.1
1.8
-0.63
0.87
1.6
-0.24
0.69
1.5
0.32
0.23
0.39
1.5
0.34
0.11
0.56
0.61
-0.25
0.60
1.4
0.35
0.17
0.48
1.1
0.23
0.29
1.38
2.1
0.36
0.56
0.77
1.1
-0.66
1.6
1.9
-0.77
1.3
2.0
0.29
1.1
1.6
2.0
0.26
1.3
1.6
1.8
-0.74
1.3
2.1
0.36
0.29
1.4
1.9
0.38
<0.01
<0.01
0.10
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
-<0.01
0.01
0.04
-<0.01
0.02
0.03
0.0085
<0.01
<0.01
0.1
0.026
<0.01
<0.01
0.01
-<0.01
0.015
0.05
0.013
<0.01
0.01
0.04
0.009
0.06
0.31
0.67
0.12
0.21
0.39
0.4
-0.37
0.41
0.49
-0.15
0.36
0.61
0.095
0.1
0.23
0.39
0.10
0.06
0.27
0.29
-0.13
0.33
0.39
0.095
0.11
0.26
0.67
0.15
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
--
<0.6
2.6
15
2.3
0.9
3.5
7.2
-1.5
1.6
2.9
-0.9
2.5
7.9
1.7
1
2.8
5.4
1.5
<0.6
2.4
4.5
-<0.6
3.9
15
3.8
<0.6
2.4
9.5
2.2
228
424
805
127
391
541
608
-387
522
683
-288
472
711
99
230
383
800
153
228
424
805
-238
432
603
117
230
354
438
58
0.7
2.1
5
0.74
1.5
2.3
3
-1.8
2.1
2.9
-1.5
2.5
5
0.74
1.1
1.9
3.5
0.64
1.5
2.4
3.4
-0.8
2
3.2
0.63
0.7
2
3.8
0.83
0.04
0.19
1.15
0.17
0.07
0.21
0.31
-0.05
0.12
0.23
-<0.04
0.19
0.54
0.13
0.09
0.21
0.46
0.12
<0.04
0.21
0.55
-<0.04
0.15
1.2
0.29
<0.1
0.21
0.51
0.16
<0.1
0.1
0.4
0.05
<0.1
0.1
0.4
-<0.1
<0.1
0.1
-<0.1
0.1
0.3
0.062
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.062
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
0
19
82
172
29
79
100
108
-71
98
164
-28
85
172
27
32
67
108
25
19
77
83
-43
85
139
31
36
60
99
23
2
10
33
5.9
10
16
21
-12
21
24
-5.1
12
33
6.0
3.1
10
23
6.6
1.8
8.8
9.8
-4.5
10
16
3.7
3.2
7.4
13
2.9
5
38
99
19
30
48
64
-38
48
53
-6
41
99
17
10
33
85
24
5
31
39
-17
38
97
24
7
26
51
12
<5
<5
19
2.4
<5
<5
<5
-<5
<5
<5
-<5
<5
<5
3.9
<5
<5
9
1.2
<5
<5
10
-<5
5
<5
1.2
<5
<5
8
0.84
2
16
93
14
15
29
33
-15
20
56
-10
19
45
10
5
16
93
24
3.2
10
17
-8
15
44
9.5
2.1
7.8
45
12
6
16
30
4.2
11
18
26
-19
19
20
-12
17
23
3.1
6.9
13
30
5.8
6.2
14
16
-6.8
13
20
3.4
9.9
15
18
2.9
<0.01
0.03
0.11
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
-0.01
0.04
0.1
-<0.01
0.04
0.11
0.026
<0.01
0.02
0.08
0.019
0.01
0.03
0.04
-0.02
0.03
0.1
0.023
0.01
0.03
0.07
0.015
<0.02
0.06
0.11
0.02
0.04
0.08
0.1
-0.05
0.07
0.08
-0.03
0.06
0.1
0.017
<0.02
0.05
0.11
0.027
<0.02
0.05
0.05
-<0.02
0.045
0.07
0.015
0.02
0.045
0.07
0.018
3.7
5.5
10
1.7
4.7
6.6
7.6
-4.0
6.1
6.7
0.83
4.8
6.5
8.1
8
-3.9
6.5
9.2
1.0
0.17
0.48
0.86
0.19
0.14
0.82
1.3
-0.62
1.0
1.6
0.24
0.43
1.2
2.3
8
-0.17
0.93
2.4
0.56
1.5
2.4
5.5
1.2
3.0
4.4
4.8
-0.63
2.7
3.9
0.87
1.2
3.3
5.0
8
-1.0
3.2
5.3
0.95
0.81
1.7
3.5
0.69
2.0
2.4
3.3
-0.82
1.8
2.8
0.49
0.73
1.5
2.8
8
-0.95
1.7
3.5
0.49
0.23
0.41
1.5
0.36
0.85
1.1
1.8
-0.11
0.56
1.0
0.25
0.24
0.67
1.4
8
-0.25
0.65
1.6
0.34
1.1
1.6
2.0
0.27
0.56
0.73
1.1
-1.1
1.5
1.84
0.22
1.3
1.5
2.04
8
-0.29
1.2
2.1
0.37
<0.01
0.01
0.1
0.027
0.01
0.01
0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.05
0.011
0.01
0.015
0.03
8
-<0.01
0.02
0.04
0.010
0.1
0.23
0.39
0.099
0.21
0.32
0.4
-0.06
0.28
0.49
0.10
0.15
0.36
0.61
8
-0.12
0.36
0.67
0.11
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
8
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
--
1
2.7
5.4
1.5
0.9
3.2
7.2
-<0.6
2.4
4.5
1.1
2
2.3
3.5
8
-<0.6
2.6
15
2.8
230
406
800
156
391
515
601
-228
410
805
164
288
330
661
8
-238
447
711
106
1.1
1.8
3.5
0.68
1.5
2.3
2.9
-1.5
2.5
3.8
0.76
1.7
2
3.7
8
-0.7
2.1
5
0.75
0.09
0.1
0.19
0.1
0.46
0.2
0.12
0.030
0.07
0.1
0.16
0.15
0.31
0.4
--<0.04
<0.1
0.21
0.1
0.55
0.1
0.17
0
0.05
<0.1
0.18
0.1
0.39
0.3
8.0
8
--<0.04
<0.1
0.19
0.1
1.2
0.3
0.20 0.03997
32
70
108
26
79
93
106
-19
79
105
27
28
68
119
8
-37
84
172
31
3.1
9.5
23
5.8
10
16
21
-1.8
8.8
17
3.9
5.1
13
23
8
-3.9
12
33
6.1
10
26
85
21
30
46
55
-5
30
53
13
6
43
82
8
-13
42
99
19
<5
<5
9
1.2
<5
<5
<5
-<5
<5
10
1.4
<5
<5
6
8
-<5
<5
19
3.1
5
15
37
11
15
26
33
-2.9
11
45
11
7.2
21
93
8
-2.1
17
56
12
6.9
13
30
6.1
11
18
21
-6.2
15
19
3.4
9.9
16
23
8
-6.8
16
26
4.0
<0.01
0.02
0.05
0.011
0.02
0.025
0.03
-0.01
0.02
0.07
0.014
0.01
0.025
0.08
8
-0.02
0.04
0.11
0.024
<0.02
0.05
0.11
0.027
0.04
0.075
0.09
-<0.02
0.05
0.07
0.015
0.03
0.05
0.1
8
-<0.02
0.06
0.1
0.018
5.2
6.0
6.5
-6.6
3.9
6.5
7.2
-4.7
6.6
7.6
-4.0
6.2
6.7
-6.6
0.68
0.89
1.2
-0.43
0.42
0.95
2.4
-0.14
0.82
1.25
-0.62
1.0
1.1
-1.6
1.1
2.5
3.0
-5.0
2.3
3.2
3.7
-3.0
4.4
4.8
-0.63
2.7
3.6
-3.9
1.5
1.9
2.8
-0.73
0.95
1.3
2.1
-2.0
2.4
3.3
-0.82
1.8
2.4
-1.7
0.18
0.48
0.71
-0.37
0.25
0.65
1.4
-0.85
1.1
1.8
-0.11
0.57
0.83
-1.0
1.1
1.4
1.7
-1.6
0.91
1.4
1.6
-0.56
0.73
1.1
-1.2
1.5
1.8
-1.6
0.01
0.01
0.03
-0.02
<0.01
0.015
0.04
-0.01
0.01
0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.05
-0.01
0.13
0.29
0.34
-0.37
0.16
0.37
0.39
-0.21
0.32
0.4
-0.06
0.27
0.31
-0.49
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-1
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-1
0.6
2.2
3.2
-2.9
1.7
4.5
15
-0.9
3.2
7.2
-<0.6
2.6
4.5
-1.5
230
382
438
-298
238
423
558
-391
515
601
-228
424
805
-560
2.2
2.8
3.8
-1.9
1
2.1
3.2
-1.5
2.3
2.9
-1.5
2.4
3.4
-1.8
0.05
0.31
0.51
-0.36
0.12
0.2
1.2
-0.07
0.16
0.31
-<0.04
0.19
0.55
-0.08
36
89
99
-63
43
85
135
-78.9
93
106
-19
77
105
-98
3.6
8.2
12
-23
4.5
13
16
-10
16
21
-1.8
8.8
12
-17
7
26
30
-82
17
47
97
-30
46
55
-5
32
39
-53
<5
<5
8
-6
<5
<5
9
-<5
<5
<5
-<5
<5
10
-<5
2.9
8.3
45
-93
8.4
20
44
-15
26
33
-3.1
16
20
-20
15
17
18
-16
6.8
15
20
-11
18
21
-6.2
14
18
-19
0.02
0.03
0.07
-0.08
0.02
0.025
0.1
-0.02
0.025
0.03
-0.01
0.02
0.04
-0.01
0.04
0.06
0.07
-0.07
<0.02
0.06
0.07
-0.04
0.075
0.09
-<0.02
0.05
0.06
-0.06
ROCK GROUP A
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Carbonate Rocks Median:
n=4
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Granite
n=15
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
> Rocks
Maximum
n=8
Total N
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Metamorphic Rocks,
Median:
undivided
Maximum
n=41
Std Dev.:
Basin Sedimentary
n=11
ROCK GROUP B
Avalon Granite
n=5
Basalt
Calcgranofels
n=8
Carbonate Rocks
n=4
Granite (other)
n=9
Grenville Granite
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Single value:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Single value:
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; concentrations in milligrams per kilogram, (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
21
<0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.15
0.4
-<0.1
<0.1
0.1
-0.1
%, weight percent
--, `& data for analysis
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 4
(page 2 of 4)
Rock unit
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
Sr
Te
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
20,000
Department of Energy and Environmental /
(DEEP), 2013
Direct exposure
!
criteria for CT soils, Industrial/
State of CT
commercial
--
--
--
--
--
1,400
--
400
--
27
--
340
--
--
--
--
5.4
--
470
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
7,500
--
1,000
--
8,200
--
10,000
--
--
--
--
160
--
14,000
--
-- 610,000
summary of element in C-horizon soils in CT
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
1- Grenville Shelf
Median:
Sequence
Maximum
n=6
Std Dev.:
Minimum
2- Grenville Belt
Median:
n=5
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
3- Eugeosyncline
Median:
Sequence
Maximum
n=24
Std Dev.:
Minimum
4- Mesozoic Basin Median:
n=12
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
5- Bronson Hill
Median:
Sequence
Maximum
n=5
Std Dev.:
Minimum
6- New HampshireMedian:
Maine Sequence
Maximum
n=14
Std Dev.:
Minimum
7- Avalon Belt
Median:
n=14
Maximum
Std Dev.:
All C-horizon soil
samples
n=79
10
37
98
15
39
48
67
-34.1
48
76
-9.8
39
98
16
15
30
52
12
12
36
39
-19
41
67
16
14
27
44
9.7
4
22
160
22
23
38
71
-19
21
32
-14
31
160
30
8
25
67
18
6
22
45
-4
17
47
13
8
17
30
7.4
208
571
1,790
298
685
952
1,230
-477
729
907
-355
657
1,230
208
268
561
1,790
440
259
387
950
-400
566
1,620
310
208
413
955
216
0.2
0.77
6.1
0.95
0.63
0.92
1.5
-0.66
0.88
6.1
-0.26
1
3.1
0.70
0.26
0.63
1.1
0.25
0.36
1
1.7
-0.26
1.1
4.5
1.1
0.2
0.55
3.9
0.94
2.9
12
19
4.1
6.1
14
18
-12
12
17
-7.2
12
18
3.0
2.9
7.3
16
4
4.3
12
14
-3.7
10
15
4.0
3.5
11
19
4.7
2
16
54
11
16
25
40
-18
23
36
-4.4
17
54
11
4.8
13
40
11
1.8
11
12
-6.4
14
49
12
3.2
10
24
5.6
70
410
1,260
243
400
570
640
-640
700
890
-260
475
1,260
293
190
365
850
214
70
190
370
-200
400
910
198
120
325
680
187
12
22
43
5.6
16
25
28
-12
14
18
-13
24
43
6.7
12
22
32
4.7
15
21
24
-14
24
32
5.3
13
22
27
4.3
31
79
196
29
59
102
117
-57
94
113
-46
78
124
24
31
75
196
43
50
59
107
-32
71
101
23
50
85
165
31
<0.05
0.14
0.48
0.09
0.06
0.12
0.33
-0.1
0.13
0.2
-<0.05
0.14
0.35
0.068
0.07
0.17
0.48
0.12
<0.05
0.1
0.38
-<0.05
0.11
0.22
0.057
<0.05
0.15
0.31
0.079
4.4
13
24
3.9
8.9
14
19
-13
14
16
-5.7
13
20
3.4
6.9
11
24
5.1
4.6
12
14
-8.3
15
19
3.0
4.4
11
18
3.8
<0.2
<0.2
1.1
0.2
<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
-<0.2
0.2
1
-<0.2
0.25
1.1
0.27
<0.2
<0.2
0.5
0.13
<0.2
<0.2
0.3
-<0.2
0.25
0.5
0.12
<0.2
0.3
0.6
0.14
0.5
1.9
4.1
0.8
1.2
2.3
3.1
-1.3
2
2.8
-1.5
2.3
3.4
0.62
0.6
1.6
3.8
0.90
0.6
1.6
2.7
-0.5
1.5
4.1
0.92
0.9
1.8
3.3
0.77
49
146
298
50
71
111
161
-118
213
298
-87
157
257
41.7
71
99
174
34
90
144
153
-75
160
287
50
49
126
196
38
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
--
3.2
11
24
4
7
11
11
-7.4
8.2
18
-4.7
10
21
3.41
4.4
11
21
4.5
3.2
10
15
-6.5
11
24
5.3
5.4
9
15
3.1
0.2
0.4
1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.9
-0.5
0.5
0.7
-0.3
0.45
0.9
0.17
0.2
0.4
1
0.22
0.30
0.30
0.70
-0.2
0.4
0.6
0.13
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.17
0.9
2.7
14
2.1
1.5
2.4
4.9
-1.4
1.9
8.4
-1.3
2.9
6.1
1.3
1.2
2.2
3.9
0.87
1.7
3.4
4.2
-1.7
3.2
4.9
0.98
0.9
2.9
14
3.9
17
72
157
28
45
83
100
-74
87
96
-22
75
130
22.8
29
75
157
42
17
73
85
-42
66
98
20
20
55
135
30
0.3
0.8
6.2
0.8
0.4
0.7
1.2
-0.4
0.6
1.1
-0.3
0.8
4.2
0.79
0.3
0.65
1.8
0.49
0.6
1
1.5
-0.3
0.85
6.2
1.5
0.3
0.8
1.6
0.34
7
19
33
5.6
17
26
29
-23
28
33
-14
18
28
3.9
7.9
16
27
5.20
8.9
15
20
-16
23
31
4.9
7
16
29
6.2
9
49
130
25
63
84
106
-51
67
96
-26
63
106
19.9
16
51
130
35
9
33
45
-22
41
69
16
17
40
76
15
15
30
52
12
39
45
50
-12
35
48
12
9.8
31
58
8
-17
39
98
17
8
24
67
19
23
37
47
-6
22
45
12
8
24
55
8
-4
20
160
27
268
555
1300
285
685
936
1,230
-208
441
1,620
369
340
696
1,790
8
-222
575
1,230
220
0.26
0.6
1.1
0.26
0.63
0.9
1.5
-0.26
1.0
3.9
0.87
0.26
0.67
3.1
8
-0.2
0.92
6.1
1.1
2.9
6.8
16
4.3
6.1
10
18
-4.3
12
19
4.4
6.4
9.5
17
8
-3.5
12
17
3.5
4.8
12
39.5
11
16
24
40
-1.8
9.9
21
5.6
4.4
16
30
8
-6.4
17
54
11
190
350
850
188
400
575
640
-70
320
880
231
260
595
1,150
8
-120
440
1,260
243
12
23
32
4.8
16
22
26
-14
22
26
3.8
16
20
32
8
-12
23
43
6.6
31
76
196
44
59
100
115
-50
91
165
32
49
64
124
8
-32
80
119
24
0.07
0.16
0.48
0.13
0.06
0.12
0.33
-<0.05
0.1
0.38
0.096
<0.05
0.16
0.23
8
-<0.05
0.14
0.35
0.070
6.9
10
24
5.0
8.9
14
16
-4.4
12
18
4.1
5.7
14
20
8
-6
14
19
3.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.12
0.2
0.2
0.2
-<0.2
0.2
0.6
0.14
<0.2
0.2
0.8
8
-<0.2
0.3
1.1
0.24
0.6
1.8
3.8
0.93
1.2
2.1
2.3
-0.6
2
3.3
0.82
1.3
1.9
3.4
8
-0.5
1.9
4.1
0.81
71
99
174
36
71
113
161
-83
141
268
45
103
165
199
8
-49
152
298
52
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0.1
0.1
8
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0
4.4
11
21
4.6
7
11
11
-3.2
10
15
3.3
4.7
7.1
21
8
-5.9
11
24
4.0
0.2
0.4
1
0.22
0.4
0.6
0.9
-0.3
0.5
0.8
0.17
0.3
0.3
0.7
8
-0.2
0.4
0.9
0.16
1.2
2.1
3.9
0.86
1.5
2.1
2.5
-1.3
3.4
14
4
1.4
2.8
6.1
8
-0.9
2.8
8.4
1.4
29
67
147
36
45
81
97
-17
65
87
22
22
76
157
8
-20
74
135
24
0.3
0.6
1.8
0.51
0.4
0.65
0.8
-0.3
1
6.2
1.4
0.3
0.65
1.1
8
-0.3
0.8
4.2
0.66
7.9
16
24
4.2
16.7
25
26.3
-8.9
19
31
6.2
15
17
27
8
-7
19
33
5.6
16
50
119
28
63
78
103
-9
39
76
18
24
60
130
8
-17
52
106
22
14
35
44
-30
19
41
65
-39
45
50
-12
36
47
-48
8
22
30
-25
10
19
47
-23
37
47
-6
22
45
-21
208
427
570
-1,790
458
587
761
-685
936
1230
-233
441
1,620
-907
0.26
1.1
3.9
-0.65
0.51
1.3
4.5
-0.63
0.9
1.5
-0.34
1.0
1.7
-0.88
15
17
19
-7.8
4.1
12
15
-6.1
10
18
-4.3
11
18
-12
3.2
9.2
18
-30
6.4
21
49
-16
24
40
-1.8
11
18
-21
190
260
680
-780
200
395
910
-400
575
640
-70
320
880
-700
21
23
26
-20
15
24
32
-16
22
26
-15
22
24
-14
94
104
165
-51
32
81
101
-59
100
115
-50
70
114
-65
0.08
0.19
0.31
-0.23
0.07
0.16
0.22
-0.06
0.12
0.33
-<0.05
0.09
0.38
-0.1
4.9
11
14
-18
8.3
15
15
-8.9
14
16
-4.4
12
18
-16
<0.2
0.5
0.6
-0.5
<0.2
0.3
0.5
-<0.2
<0.2
<0.2
-<0.2
<0.2
0.4
-0.2
1.6
2.8
3.3
-1.4
0.7
1.8
4.1
-1.2
2.1
2.3
-0.6
1.6
3.2
-1.3
83
113
151
-103
75
172
287
-71
113
161
-87
144
176
-268
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
8.7
12
15
-7.7
6.5
11
19
-7
11
11
-3.2
10
15
-8.2
0.5
0.6
0.8
-0.3
0.2
0.4
0.6
-0.4
0.6
0.9
-0.3
0.4
0.8
-0.5
2.7
5.5
14
-3.4
2.4
3.35
4.8
-1.5
2.1
2.5
-1.3
3.3
4.3
-1.4
20
65
71
-157
43
72
98
-45
81
97
-17
64
85
-87
0.3
1
1.1
-1.1
0.6
1.1
1.8
-0.4
0.65
0.8
-0.6
1
6.2
-0.5
16
21
29
-27
17
24
30
-17
25
26
-8.9
19
31
-28
21
40
76
-130
22
46
69
-63
78
103
-9
38
61
-64
ROCK GROUP A
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Carbonate Rocks Median:
n=4
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Granite
n=15
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
> Rocks
Maximum
n=8
Total N
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Metamorphic Rocks,
Median:
undivided
Maximum
n=41
Std Dev.:
Basin Sedimentary
n=11
ROCK GROUP B
Avalon Granite
n=5
Basalt
Calcgranofels
n=8
Carbonate Rocks
n=4
Granite (other)
n=9
Grenville Granite
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Single value:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Single value:
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; concentrations in milligrams per kilogram, (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all ; were below their ; ; of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
22
%, weight percent
--, `& data for '
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 4
(page 3 of 4)
Rock unit
Al (%) Ca (%) Fe (%)
K (%) Mg (%) Na (%)
S (%)
Ti (%)
Ag
As
Ba
Be
Bi
Cd
Ce
Co
Cr
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
Department of Energy and Environmental /
(DEEP), 2013
Direct exposure
!
criteria for CT soils,
Industrial/
State of CT
commercial
--
2,500
--
20
--
--
Cr(III)
3,900
100
Cr(V)
--
76,000
--
610
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
340
10
4,700
2
--
34
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
10,000
10
140,000
2
--
1,000
--
summary of element in C-horizon soils in CT
ROCK GROUP B )
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Mesozoic Basin
Median:
Sediments
Maximum
n=11
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Metamorphic Rocks
Median:
(other)
Maximum
n=10
Std Dev.:
Minimum
/ Rocks
Median:
n=16
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Schists
Median:
n=7
Maximum
Std Dev.:
> Rocks
n=7
4.8
6.4
8.1
-3.7
5.5
10
1.7
4.1
5.9
7.4
0.94
5.1
6.8
9.2
0.99
4.6
6.0
7.0
--
0.83
1.3
2.3
-0.17
0.48
0.86
0.19
0.18
1.1
2.4
0.66
0.17
0.76
1.7
0.38
0.69
1.3
2.1
--
1.2
3.3
5.0
-1.5
2.4
5.5
1.2
1.0
2.7
4.5
1.3
1.9
3.4
5.3
0.88
1.9
3.2
4.4
--
1.2
1.6
2.8
-0.81
1.7
3.5
0.69
1.2
1.6
3.5
0.69
1.4
1.9
2.5
0.34
1.2
1.5
2.1
--
0.24
0.67
1.4
-0.23
0.41
1.5
0.36
0.27
0.58
1.6
0.39
0.41
0.69
1.5
0.34
0.4
0.65
0.87
--
1.3
1.5
2.0
-1.1
1.6
2.0
0.27
0.29
1.3
1.9
0.50
0.77
1.1
1.7
0.28
0.74
1.2
2.1
--
0.01
0.01
0.03
-<0.01
0.01
0.1
0.027
<0.01
0.015
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.008
0.01
0.02
0.03
--
0.15
0.34
0.61
-0.1
0.23
0.39
0.099
0.12
0.33
0.67
0.17
0.22
0.36
0.44
0.060
0.13
0.37
0.55
--
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
--
2
2.2
3.5
-1
2.7
5.4
1.5
<0.6
2.8
9.5
2.4
0.9
2.3
7.9
2.2
<0.6
1.5
3.1
--
288
334
661
-230
406
800
156
274
393
683
114
370
481
711
90
398
438
603
--
1.7
2
3.7
-1.1
1.8
3.5
0.68
0.7
2.0
3
0.68
2
2.5
5
0.73
0.8
1.8
2.5
--
0.05
0.17
0.39
-0.09
0.19
0.46
0.12
0
0.2
0.38
0.11
<0.04
0.22
0.54
0.14
<0.04
0.11
0.17
--
<0.1
0.1
0.3
-<0.1
<0.1
0.2
0.03
<0.1
0.1
0.1
-<0.1
0.1
0.3
0.05
<0.1
<0.1
0.2
--
28
72
119
-32
70
108
26
37
70
100
23
52
88
172
27
48
96
164
--
5.1
13
20
-3.1
9.5
23
5.8
3.9
8.4
24
6.5
6
13
33
6.9
5.4
10
22
--
6
40
57
-10
26
85
21
13
38
53
14
26
42
99
18
22
39
52
--
<5
<5
6
-<5
<5
9
1.2
<5
<5
<5
-<5
5
19
4.7
<5
<5
6
--
7.2
15
41
-5
15
37
11
2.1
13
34
9.9
8
19
45
11
9.5
12
56
--
9.9
16
23
-6.9
13
30
6.1
10
16
20
3.7
12
18
26
3.7
9.6
14
20
--
<0.01
0.02
0.08
-<0.01
0.02
0.05
0.011
0.02
0.035
0.1
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.1
0.020
0.02
0.04
0.11
--
0.03
0.05
0.1
-<0.02
0.05
0.11
0.027
0.02
0.055
0.08
0.02
0.04
0.065
0.1
0.019
0.03
0.05
0.07
--
0.33
0.78
1.3
0.36
0.17
0.95
2.4
0.54
0.14
0.96
2.0
-0.57
0.83
0.98
--
1.3
2.8
3.6
0.86
0.63
3.1
5.3
1.1
2.3
2.9
4.8
-2.4
3.4
5.5
--
0.81
1.6
2.3
0.46
0.73
1.8
3.5
0.47
0.82
1.7
3.3
-1.6
2.2
3.5
--
0.17
0.52
0.87
0.23
0.11
0.63
1.8
0.38
0.29
0.62
1.1
-0.52
0.88
1.5
--
0.56
1.5
2.0
0.35
0.29
1.3
2.1
0.36
0.56
1.3
1.8
-1.1
1.2
1.5
--
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.012
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.0087
0.01
0.02
0.04
-0.01
0.015
0.1
--
0.1
0.21
0.38
0.094
0.06
0.34
0.61
0.11
0.19
0.28
0.67
-0.23
0.36
0.39
--
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
-<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
--
1
1.9
5.3
1.3
<0.6
2.6
15.1
2.54
1.6
2.7
7.2
-2.3
3.1
4.2
--
230
335
503
101
230
438
805
118
228
380
541
-417
575
800
--
1
1.8
2.5
0.46
0.7
2.2
5
0.76
1.4
2.4
3.4
-1.7
2.6
3.5
--
0.05
0.12
0.46
0.13
<0.04
0.19
1.15
0.18
0.17
0.24
0.55
-0.13
0.22
0.39
--
<0.1
<0.1
0.3
0.058
<0.1
<0.1
0.3
0.043
<0.1
0.1
0.4
-<0.1
0.1
0.2
--
32
55
115
22
19
86
172
29
32
83
105
-54
87
119
--
3.1
8.2
6.2
3.64
1.8
1.9
3
6.0
5.8
0.05
0.6
-7.3
4.6
2.6
--
10
27
45
11
5
41
99
20
23
36
51
-38
49
85
--
<5
<5
5
-<5
<5
19
2.8
<5
<5
6
-<5
<5
9
--
3.1
15
35
8.8
2.1
17
93
16
6.9
15
33
-6.6
21
37
--
6.8
11
17
3.6
6.2
16
26
3.7
13
16
18
-13
19
30
--
<0.01
0.025
0.08
0.017
<0.01
0.03
0.11
0.024
0.02
0.035
0.07
-0.02
0.035
0.05
--
<0.02
0.035
0.06
0.016
<0.02
0.06
0.1
0.018
0.04
0.06
0.07
-0.05
0.075
0.11
--
Materials (Stone et al. (1992))
Coarse
n=14
Till
n=55
Thick Till
n=6
Fines
n=4
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
3.7
5.2
7.1
1.1
4.0
6.4
9.2
0.91
5.7
6.3
6.6
-5.6
6.9
10
--
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; concentrations in milligrams per kilogram, (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
23
%, weight percent
--, `& data for analysis
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 4
(page 4 of 4)
Rock unit
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
Sr
Te
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
20,000
Department of Energy and Environmental /
(DEEP), 2013
Direct exposure
!
criteria for CT soils, Industrial/
State of CT
commercial
--
--
--
--
--
1,400
--
400
--
27
--
340
--
--
--
--
5.4
--
470
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
7,500
--
1,000
--
8,200
--
10,000
--
--
--
--
160
--
14,000
--
-- 610,000
summary of element in C-horizon soils in CT
ROCK GROUP B )
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Mesozoic Basin
Median:
Sediments
Maximum
n=11
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Metamorphic Rocks
Median:
(other)
Maximum
n=10
Std Dev.:
Minimum
/ Rocks
Median:
n=16
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Schists
Median:
n=7
Maximum
Std Dev.:
> Rocks
n=7
9.8
32
58
-15
30
52
12
17
31
52
12
21
41
98
18
22
44
76
--
8
22
55
-8
24
67
19
8
19
32
6.8
15
38
160
36
4
12
28
--
340
644
821
-268
555
1,300
285
222
457
955
247
355
662
1,230
253
400
552
784
--
0.26
0.69
3.1
-0.26
0.6
1.1
0.26
0.2
0.65
6.1
1.8
0.38
0.95
2.7
0.57
0.26
1.1
2.1
--
6.4
9.8
17
-2.9
6.8
16
4.3
3.5
11
17
4.0
8.6
12
17
2.4
3.7
11
15
--
4.4
15
26
-4.8
12
40
11
6.8
15
36
8.8
10
19
54
13
8.9
15
23
--
260
520
1,150
-190
350
850
188
120
520
890
235
300
455
1,180
207
240
400
1,260
--
16
20
32
-12
23
32
4.8
13
19
27
4.8
13
26
43
7.2
12
19
28
--
49
65
124
-31
76
196
44
50
73
113
22
51
91
119
23
44
71
94
--
<0.05
0.15
0.22
-0.07
0.16
0.48
0.13
<0.05
0.14
0.25
0.07
<0.05
0.13
0.35
0.084
<0.05
0.09
0.19
--
5.7
14
20
-6.9
10
24
5.0
6
12
18
3.7
9.3
13
19
3.3
11
14
19
--
<0.2
0.2
0.8
-0.2
0.2
0.5
0.12
<0.2
0.25
1
0.25
<0.2
0.25
1.1
0.27
<0.2
0.4
0.9
--
1.3
2
3.4
-0.6
1.8
3.8
0.93
0.9
2.0
3.1
0.66
1.5
2.5
3.3
0.63
0.5
1.1
2.6
--
106
167
199
-71
99
174
36
49
141
298
66
87
143
211
36
135
159
257
--
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.00
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0.1
0.1
--
4.7
6.5
21
-4.4
11
21
4.6
5.9
7.9
14
2.4
6.9
11
15
2.3
6.1
11
24
--
0.3
0.3
0.7
-0.2
0.4
1
0.22
0.2
0.45
0.7
0.16
0.3
0.45
0.9
0.17
0.2
0.4
0.6
--
1.4
2.2
6.1
-1.2
2.1
3.9
0.86
0.9
2
8.4
2.2
1.3
3.0
6.1
1.2
1.6
2.1
2.8
--
22
73
130
-29
67
147
36
20
67
135
34
42
78
113
21
43
75
101
--
0.3
0.6
1
-0.3
0.6
1.8
0.51
0.5
0.7
1.2
0.23
0.4
0.85
4.2
0.91
0.3
0.4
1.2
--
15
17
24.1
-7.9
16
24
4.2
7
20
30
7.2
14
19
29
4.7
16
19
33
--
24
44
87
-16
50
119
28
17
45
96
23
31
65
106
23
23
53
78
--
14
25
51
10
9.8
39
98
15
14
39
48
-25
38
58
--
8
17
51
12
4
22
160
24
13
28
35
-20
40
67
--
233
660
1620
340
208
556
1790
296
386
754
1230
-436
604
821
--
0.26
0.49
1.2
0.33
0.2
0.88
6.1
1.1
0.36
1.0
1.5
-0.6
0.69
3.1
--
2.9
6.6
13
3.35
3.7
12
19
3.8
7
13
15
-8.1
13
16
--
3.7
11
31
6.8
1.8
17
54
11
6.9
16
40
-13
21
40
--
200
375
1,180
287
70
400
1,260
248
170
585
680
-270
465
540
--
12
21
27
4.5
12
23
43
6.0
16
23
25
-21
25
32
--
31
58
104
20
44
81
165
25
50
83
115
-66
100
196
--
<0.05
0.11
0.48
0.11
<0.05
0.15
0.39
0.1
0.07
0.19
0.33
-0.13
0.16
0.21
--
4.4
9.8
18
3.9
4.6
14
20
3.6
9.3
13
18
-10
15
24
--
<0.2
<0.2
0.6
0.12
<0.2
<0.2
1.1
0.2
<0.2
0.35
0.6
-0.2
0.25
0.4
--
0.6
1.3
2.5
0.60
0.5
2
4.1
0.8
1.5
2.3
3.2
-1.9
2.7
3.8
--
75
109
193
43
49
149
298
52
71
127
196
-129
149
163
--
0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.1
--
4.4
7.1
13
2.7
3.2
11
24
4.2
5
11
11
-6.3
11
14
--
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.12
0.2
0.4
0.9
0.16
0.3
0.5
0.9
-0.3
0.6
1
--
1.2
2.1
3.5
0.85
0.9
3
14
2.3
1.6
2.3
4.3
-2.1
3.1
6
--
25
50
91
20
17
74
157
28
53
71
135
-63
81.5
147
--
0.3
0.7
6.2
1.5
0.3
0.8
4.2
0.60
0.8
1
1.2
-0.7
0.85
1.8
--
7.9
16
31
6.4
7
19
33
6
15
20
26
-15
20
24
--
16
34
85
22
9
52
130
25
39
48
103
-41
72
119
--
Materials (Stone et al. (1992))
Coarse
n=14
Till
n=55
Thick Till
n=6
Fines
n=4
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Minimum
Median:
Maximum
Std Dev.:
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; concentrations in milligrams per kilogram, (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag and Te in all ; were below their ; ; of 1 and 0.1, and are not included in table
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
24
%, weight percent
--, `& data for '
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 5
Results of the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test for grain-size fractions and element concentrations in soil samples from the C-horizon,
the A-horizon, and the upper 5 cm of surficial soil in Connecticut, and the underlying geologic provinces and
lithogeochemical rock groups GpA and GpB and associated surficial materials in Connecticut
Factor, C-horizon
Factor, C-horizon
Factor, C-horizon
Rock
Rock
Geologic
Group A Group B
Province
(GpA)
(GpB)
Factor, A-horizon
Rock
Rock
Geologic
Group A Group B
Province
(GpA)
(GpB)
Factor, 0-5 cm
Rock
Rock
Geologic
Group A Group B
Province
(GpA)
(GpB)
Sand %
Silt %
Clay %
Materials1
(Stone et al., 1992)
Ca
0.3086
0.3822
0.5336
0.7455
0.001
0.0016
0.002
0.0006
0.0035
0.0022
0.0008
0.0006
Mg
0.3038
0.1473
0.178
0.1869
0.0001
0.0064
0.0299
0.0002
0.0069
0.0123
0.0007
0.0012
0.099
Na
0.6436
0.6283
0.4568
0.2447
0.0062
0.0011
0.027
0.0003
0.0389
0.0104
0
0
0.0001
K
0.4578
0.3985
0.3954
0.2985
0.0206
0.0856
0.0466
0.0122
0.7679
0.0058
0.0074
0.1257
0.0051
S
0.2324
0.2538
0.2793
0.4479
0.0893
0.0623
0.3719
0.2639
0.8822
0.671
0.0143
0.0113
0.0542
Al
0.4357
0.4283
0.4159
0.0322
0.0005
0.1107
0.1981
0.0374
0.2696
0.213
0.0208
0.5039
0.4239
As
0.6108
0.6088
0.6228
0.4125
0.6256
0.7293
0.2323
0.0016
0.0084
0.0074
0.0405
0.3929
0.5383
Ba
0.5979
0.6093
0.5363
0.0047
0.0128
0.2232
0.1243
0.0024
0.5153
0.0811
0.0098
0.1676
0.1072
Be
0.4384
0.3383
0.2404
0.0237
0.0413
0.2025
0.0193
0.2229
0.2408
0.0744
0.0522
0.2507
0.0494
Bi
0.8423
0.931
0.8239
0.1618
0.7879
0.9463
0.2909
0.1169
0.3112
0.1075
0.1219
0.0452
0.1906
Cd
0.4102
0.4775
0.4775
0.7296
0.0769
0.0397
0.0303
0
0.134
0.0018
0.0021
0.146
0.0425
Ce
0.3706
0.4066
0.4223
0.0091
0.0114
0.187
0.1927
0.0004
0.2157
0.1707
0.0012
0.0406
0.1269
Co
0.4925
0.4555
0.4646
0.0347
0.0001
0.0403
0.0602
0.0005
0.0046
0.0278
0
0.0006
0.0035
Cr
0.3556
0.2045
0.4355
0.0094
0.0037
0.02
0.0198
0.0001
0.0007
0.0022
0.0008
0.0041
0.0313
Cu
0.4307
0.5547
0.4493
0.7205
0.0038
0.1696
0.1977
0.0001
0.0012
0.0019
0.0003
0.0005
0.0019
Fe
0.4184
0.3785
0.313
0.3635
0.0001
0.0226
0.0545
0
0.0002
0.0012
0
0.0022
0.0069
Ga
0.2565
0.2395
0.2788
0.0041
0.002
0.4806
0.2849
0
0.0446
0.0154
0
0.1044
0.0249
Hg
0.5229
0.4382
0.5281
0.3961
0.2469
0.0193
0.0433
0
0.6983
0.0192
0.018
0.0942
0.4633
In
0.4221
0.4775
0.4775
0.0027
0.0106
0.306
0.2914
0.0154
0.0154
0.018
0.0002
0.0492
0.0492
La
0.5684
0.4088
0.4195
0.0117
0.0021
0.1268
0.2176
0.0116
0.5089
0.6211
0.0119
0.3658
0.3861
Li
0.1205
0.0789
0.1791
0.1075
0.0007
0.5545
0.0704
0.0014
0.6314
0.0146
0.0003
0.1264
0.014
Mn
0.4281
0.4404
0.4696
0.4726
0.0019
0.0832
0.0699
0.0192
0.1133
0.2457
0.0213
0.102
0.0748
Mo
0.442
0.4775
0.4775
0.1135
0.013
0.1515
0.1477
0.031
0.1323
0.1464
0.0028
0.0059
0.0342
Nb
0.397
0.3404
0.4607
0.0019
0.0319
0.0896
0.0471
0.0033
0.0043
0.045
0.002
0.0055
0.0156
Ni
0.6794
0.5219
0.4566
0.0665
0.0006
0.0055
0.0129
0.0007
0.0012
0.0056
0.0003
0.0014
0.0096
P
0.3802
0.4434
0.5699
0.7564
0.0013
0.0816
0.0816
0.0128
0.2486
0.2684
0.034
0.184
0.3325
Pb
0.7548
0.6569
0.5594
0.3607
0.038
0.837
0.2203
0.0007
0.5774
0.0129
0.0002
0.0018
0.0168
Rb
0.4358
0.4146
0.4067
0.0239
0.2233
0.4309
0.1065
0.0374
0.4817
0.0397
0.0288
0.2178
0.0243
Sb
0.1027
0.0929
0.1819
0.2384
0.5976
0.7304
0.3706
0.0037
0.427
0.0309
0.0131
0.0745
0.2977
Sc
0.288
0.3409
0.3315
0.0904
0.0233
0.3914
0.307
0.0067
0.0116
0.0801
0.1067
0.0362
0.0292
Se
0.5691
0.4733
0.558
0.7414
0.337
0.2457
0.1724
0.0063
0.0468
0.0085
0.0007
0.0006
0.007
Sn
0.1446
0.0622
0.0791
0.005
0.0242
0.7881
0.0662
0.0006
0.3213
0.0197
0.002
0.0123
0.0518
Sr
0.3268
0.4228
0.4786
0.2716
0.0016
0.01
0.0109
0.0005
0.0303
0.0129
0.0011
0.0123
0.0054
Th
0.4724
0.59
0.591
0.028
0.7109
0.5801
0.3586
0.3403
0.1469
0.3032
0.1462
0.2165
0.3128
Ti
0.0321
0.0318
0.1011
0.012
0.0003
0.077
0.0293
0
0
0.0003
0
0.0004
0.0063
Tl
0.1906
0.0342
0.0837
0.0193
0.0253
0.1362
0.1438
0.0352
0.8338
0.3139
0.0037
0.1586
0.0475
U
0.2229
0.177
0.1436
0.0706
0.4674
0.1317
0.011
0.9174
0.622
0.1399
0.7534
0.7114
0.2749
V
0.3552
0.2577
0.3813
0.0463
0.0217
0.322
0.4031
0.0031
0.0253
0.0455
0.006
0.0589
0.1035
W
0.4249
0.4775
0.4775
0.4695
0.8191
0.2443
0.0143
0.365
0.614
0.0155
0.7096
0.0852
0.0852
Y
0.3047
0.2433
0.2515
0.1798
0.0005
0.0466
0.0222
0.0296
0.0986
0.4466
0.0321
0.2724
0.2356
Zn
0.5089
0.3784
0.4343
0.1064
0
0.0266
0.0432
0
0.0515
0.006
0.0001
0.0116
0.012
sand %
NA
NA
NA
0.1343
0.9455
0.7711
0.8594
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
silt %
NA
NA
NA
0.002
0.9927
0.9965
0.9973
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
clay%
NA
NA
NA
0.002
0.8895
0.7644
0.9545
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Parameter
1
Categories include coarse, thick and Factor values in red indicate the probability that the null hypothesis will be rejected at a level of of less than 0.05
!&
of Ag and Te in all samples were below their ; ; levels of 1 and 0.1 and are not included in table
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
25
0.0002
%, weight percent
NA, not analyzed
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 6
Lithologic descriptions and concentrations of selected elements in extractions
for A-horizon soil samples collected at 86 sites in Connecticut,
and associated mapped underlying bedrock type
Field
e
99-A
41.17141
-73.32197
62-A
41.20905
-73.28651
in cm
Al (%)
Ca (%)
Fe (%)
K (%)
Mg (%)
Na (%)
S (%)
8/16/2007 Aspectuck Land Trust, Sturges Hwy, Westport
33 - 51
7.5
0.5
3.4
2.0
0.78
0.99
0.090
0.37
8/16/2007 Hemlock Reservior, Fairfield
2 - 10
6.0
0.8
2.9
1.5
0.54
1.1
0.040
0.37
Ti (%)
97-A
41.27111
-72.63704
9/21/2007 Bay, Madison
2 - 20
5.8
0.9
2.8
1.3
0.49
1.8
0.020
0.18
244-A
41.27675
-73.02570
7/12/2007 House Lane
0-8
6.8
0.3
3.9
1.8
1.2
0.81
0.040
0.39
11-A
41.27733
-73.00340
11/9/2007 Orange Hills Cntry Club, Orange
0 - 20
5.7
1.1
3.0
1.0
0.75
1.0
0.050
0.31
89-A
41.27891
-73.51938
8/28/2007 " Cons. Com., Remington Rd, "d
0 - 25
6.8
1.4
3.4
1.5
2.3
0.96
0.030
0.39
19-A
41.29596
-72.34133
9/17/2007 Great Island Wildlife Area, Old Lyme
2-8
5.3
0.9
2.4
1.0
0.42
1.2
0.040
0.29
55-A
41.29749
-73.43050
8/22/2007 Ln, Redding
5 - 30
5.3
0.7
2.4
1.6
0.56
0.96
0.070
0.26
78-A
41.31711
-72.51766
9/21/2007 Kelseytown Rd, Clinton
5 - 20
6.1
1.4
2.4
0.9
0.39
1.9
0.030
0.20
44-A
41.32261
-73.41804
8/27/2007 Gallows Hill Rd, Redding
0 - 15
6.4
1.1
3.5
1.7
1.7
1.2
0.030
0.42
79-A
41.34426
-73.04897
0 - 18
6.3
0.8
3.0
1.4
0.46
0.95
0.040
0.32
32-A
41.35286
-72.73858
0 - '2
5.2
0.4
2.4
1.3
0.36
1.4
0.040
0.21
75-A
41.37132
-73.05679
8/6/2007 Burmingham %&' Watershed, Seymour
2 - 10
6.3
0.8
2.5
1.4
0.38
1.3
0.040
0.28
81-A
41.40037
-73.29758
8/7/2007 Newtown Cntry Club, Newtown
0 - 25
6.1
0.9
3.4
1.2
0.62
1.2
0.080
0.43
12212-A
41.40579
-72.17969
7/13/2007 Lake Konomoc, Waterford
2.5 - 8
5.6
1.1
2.6
2.0
0.34
1.2
0.070
0.26
0.20
8/7/2007 Ansonia Nature and "
Center, Ansonia
9/10/2007 Dudly preserve, Guilford
51-A
41.41500
-72.23838
9/16/2007 #
State Forest, Walnut Hill, E. Lyme
2.5 - 8
4.3
0.5
1.5
1.4
0.28
0.72
0.030
1524-A
41.42577
-73.50091
7/12/2007 King St. school, Danbury
0-5
4.5
1.4
2.5
1.0
0.59
0.96
0.110
0.35
67-A
41.42870
-72.78730
9/19/2007 Tyler Mill, Taramac Swamp Rd, Wallingford
8 - 15
5.4
0.4
2.0
1.4
0.45
1.7
0.030
0.23
21-A
41.43569
-72.69733
9/21/2007 Rt 77, Durham
2.5 - 8
6.4
0.5
4.4
0.7
0.38
1.4
0.040
0.33
53-A
41.43878
-72.75917
9/19/2007 Scard rd, Town of Wallingford Prop.
5 - 20
5.2
0.3
1.8
1.5
0.28
1.4
0.040
0.17
41-A
41.45998
-72.33636
38-A
41.46243
-72.99877
10/1/2007 Devils Hopyard State Park, E. Haddam
10/19/2007 Naugatuck State Forest, Bethany
2.5 - 13
5.9
0.8
3.4
1.1
0.50
0.98
0.040
0.31
2.5 - 13
6.7
0.4
3.2
1.6
0.43
0.92
0.050
0.32
50-A
41.46360
-72.25302
11/9/2007 #
State Forest, Rt 85, Salem
2.5 - 8
5.5
0.8
2.1
1.2
0.42
0.90
0.040
0.23
60-A
41.46405
-72.58323
8/27/2007 Cockaponset State Forest, Arkay Dr, Haddam
0 - 15
5.7
1.0
2.4
0.7
0.47
1.6
0.040
0.20
10601-A
41.47186
-71.90276
7/13/2007 Patchaug State Forest, N. Stonington
5 - 10
5.1
1.8
3.5
0.9
0.80
1.1
0.080
0.51
52-A
41.48203
-71.85022
10/1/2007 Pachaug State Forest, Fowler Rd, N. Stonington
5 - 10
6.2
0.8
2.2
1.8
0.35
1.22
0.030
0.29
70-A
41.48448
-72.43798
9/19/2007 Alger Rd, E. Hampton
2.5 - 10
5.8
1.2
2.7
1.0
0.85
0.97
0.040
0.31
92-A
41.52472
-71.87409
10/1/2007 Pachaug State Forest, Coal Pit Hill, Griswold
8 - 66
6.1
1.0
2.4
1.6
0.36
1.3
0.030
0.33
64-A
41.52604
-73.48821
10/9/2007 Pootatuck State Forest, New Fairfield
5 - 13
5.2
0.7
3.2
1.2
0.49
0.92
0.040
0.44
86-A
41.53098
-72.17232
9/24/2007 Bear Hill Wildlife Area, Bozrah
5 - 20
6.2
1.8
3.5
0.9
1.2
1.1
0.050
0.46
2.5 - 15
6.5
0.7
4.5
1.3
0.83
0.73
0.030
0.53
0-8
4.4
0.6
2.4
1.1
0.45
0.51
0.140
0.21
2.5 - 13
3.9
0.5
4.4
0.8
0.27
1.2
0.020
0.30
24-A
41.55070
-73.48135
10/9/2007 Orange Rest Rd, Sherman
8692-A
41.55775
-73.24319
7/12/2007 small suburb
39-A
41.56061
-72.44452
8/23/2007 Salmon R. State Forest, Colchester
66-A
41.59418
-72.20163
57-A
41.60969
-71.80463
9/24/2007 Pachaug State Forest, Voluntown
73-A
41.61087
-73.05575
29-A
41.61115
-73.50368
72-A
41.62041
-72.82370
17-A
41.62141
-73.29079
8/9/2007 Pease Brook Wildlife Area, Lebanon
15 - 20
6.2
1.4
3.0
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.060
0.42
2.5 - 15
5.1
0.6
1.5
2.1
0.15
1.3
0.020
0.22
9/12/2007 &* State Forest, Thomaston
5 - 10
6.4
0.8
2.9
1.5
0.58
1.1
0.040
0.30
10/9/2007 Taber Rd, Sherman
5 - 18
6.2
1.0
3.9
1.9
1.3
0.74
0.060
0.38
11/7/2007 New Britain Reservior, Southington
0 - 20
6.2
0.5
3.0
1.4
0.57
1.0
0.050
0.28
2-8
4.1
0.6
2.2
1.0
0.27
0.80
0.040
0.31
10/29/2007 Horse Heaven Rd, Washington
68-A
41.62387
-72.55776
8/14/2007 Meshomasic State Forest, Portland
0 - 20
4.1
1.0
0.8
1.5
0.17
1.4
0.000
0.07
90-A
41.63351
-72.91075
11/5/2007 Pine Valley Golf Course, Southington
0 - 23
4.0
0.5
1.6
0.9
0.25
1.2
0.010
0.13
9/12/2007 &* State Forest, Todd Hollow Rd, Plymouth
2.5 - 8
5.2
0.4
2.8
1.2
0.23
0.91
0.030
0.27
1 - 13
5.8
1.1
2.2
1.6
0.35
1.1
0.040
0.22
5 - 10
3.7
0.7
1.1
1.7
0.13
0.96
0.050
0.16
93-A
41.64723
-73.03030
30-A
41.67021
-72.47940
3433-A
41.67261
-71.79320
7/13/2007 Patchaug State Forest, Sterling
85-A
41.67427
-73.29311
10/26/2007 Rumsey Hall School, Washington
0-5
6.0
1.2
3.3
1.5
0.66
1.3
0.060
0.40
46-A
41.69102
-71.95450
10/12/2007 Rt 14A, Plainfield
0 - 10
4.7
1.2
1.8
1.4
0.43
1.2
0.040
0.25
10/15/2007 Meshomasic State Forest, Glastonbury
48-A
41.69168
-73.35839
10/26/2007 Mt Bushnell State Park, Washington
0 - 15
6.8
0.5
3.1
3.4
0.57
0.61
0.040
0.43
61-A
41.71050
-73.16974
10/29/2007 White Memorial Pitch Rd, X&#d
0-5
6.3
0.6
3.0
1.4
0.57
0.89
0.030
0.32
2409-A
41.71457
-72.55464
7/12/2007 Tobacco/corn, Glastonbury
22-A
41.73393
-73.20555
10/29/2007 Whites Wood rd, Litchfield
8/13/2007 Pheasant Hill, Farmington
56-A
41.73778
-72.81674
98-A
41.74717
-73.04431
36-A
41.75093
-72.14958
76-A
41.76045
-73.49519
82-A
41.76157
-72.39473
14-A
41.76172
-72.93804
40-A
41.76883
-71.99094
83-A
41.77779
-71.80762
9/5/2007 Roraback Wildlife Area, Harwinton
9/14/2007 Boulevar Rd, Windham
10/20/2007 Macedonia Brook State Park, Kent
8/29/2007 Times Farm Rd, Andover
9/5/2007 Nassahegon State Forest, Burlington
10/12/2007 Windham Rd, Brooklyn
10/6/2007 Viall Rd, Killingly
0 - 20
4.8
0.6
1.9
1.1
0.31
1.3
0.010
0.19
2.5 - 10
4.7
0.9
2.4
1.2
0.37
1.1
0.040
0.30
5 - 10
4.8
0.8
2.3
1.0
0.51
1.1
0.050
0.26
13 - 25
5.8
0.8
2.8
1.8
0.39
1.3
0.040
0.25
2 - 13
4.7
0.7
2.6
1.3
0.33
0.86
0.050
0.37
5 - 23
6.4
1.6
3.6
1.2
0.89
1.7
0.030
0.42
0 - 33
5.1
0.8
2.5
1.1
0.43
1.3
0.020
0.27
2-8
5.8
0.8
2.6
1.6
0.40
1.2
0.030
0.28
2-5
5.2
0.9
1.6
1.7
0.26
1.1
0.030
0.23
2.5 - 15
4.3
0.7
1.4
1.5
0.21
0.95
0.050
0.24
63-A
41.77946
-72.76523
9/10/2007 S. Branch Park R. Flood Cntrl Site 2 (Bugbee), W. $
d
0 - 2.5
5.1
0.7
2.6
1.3
0.57
1.1
0.080
0.25
23-A
41.80055
-72.87511
8/13/2007 Stagecoach Rd, Avon
10 - 25
4.0
0.4
2.0
0.8
0.29
0.96
0.040
0.19
58-A
41.80075
-73.49284
0 - 20
7.1
2.4
4.0
1.2
1.5
1.8
0.030
0.38
69-A
41.82270
-71.95951
0 - 20
5.8
1.3
3.4
1.2
1.27
0.95
0.050
0.38
10/22/2007 Caray Hill, Sharon
10/5/2007 Pomfret Rd, Brooklyn
88-A
41.82278
-73.30493
10/20/2007 Mohaw State Forest, Cornwall
0-5
4.7
1.5
2.8
1.0
0.63
1.2
0.040
0.53
12-A
41.84364
-73.15331
10/19/2007 >
& Pond State Park, Torrington
0 - 20
6.5
1.4
3.0
1.6
0.69
1.7
0.040
0.30
1
Collected nearby and considered the same as the preceding site
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
26
%, weight percent
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 6
(page 2 of 6)
Field
As
Ba
Be
Bi
Cd
Ce
Co
C
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
99-A
5.9
555
3.3
0.38
2
80
23.5
59
15
37
21
0.100
0.090
40
45
744
2.0
16
32.1
1,040
107
119
62-A
5.9
430
2.8
0.26
0.2
71
7.3
36
<5
17
15
0.160
0.060
35
27
566
1.1
15
13.7
760
40
78
97-A
2.7
308
1.9
0.36
<0.1
40
8.8
28
<5
25
12
0.030
0.040
19
20
824
0.6
4.4
13.1
440
29
60
244-A
4.2
437
2.1
0.28
0.2
70
15.8
85
<5
29
18
0.080
0.070
33
44
829
0.9
11
44.6
1,100
68
115
11-A
4.6
294
1.9
0.23
0.5
60
10.9
59
<5
26
13
0.140
0.050
33
23
831
1.0
8.2
24.4
600
57
62
89-A
2.4
500
2.3
0.14
0.2
76
13.3
48
<5
15
18
0.060
0.070
35
39
576
1.0
14
21.3
500
38
70
19-A
3.7
322
2.0
0.15
0.2
56
6.6
30
<5
11
13
0.070
0.050
27
19
555
1.0
10
11.9
1,490
25
47
55-A
3.8
354
2.2
0.31
0.3
61
7.7
35
<5
16
15
0.250
0.060
29
31
659
1.7
13
15.3
1,120
84
89
78-A
2.6
359
2.1
0.20
0.2
39
6.9
24
<5
10
14
0.060
0.040
18
20
625
0.8
6.4
9.0
430
32
40
44-A
5.1
530
2.9
0.18
0.3
67
13.2
47
<5
16
16
0.100
0.060
33
34
717
1.0
19
24.0
770
41
80
79-A
5.3
364
2.6
0.31
0.7
63
8.1
35
<5
38
15
0.100
0.060
45
34
983
1.2
11
15.3
1,750
49
92
32-A
3.4
413
1.4
0.20
0.2
78
10.2
24
<5
25
12
0.090
0.040
37
27
865
0.9
5.9
13.6
510
33
59
75-A
6.2
318
2.6
0.42
0.3
54
5.7
26
<5
25
15
0.190
0.060
27
30
490
1.8
11
10.0
600
71
74
81-A
3.8
419
2.2
0.19
0.3
76
9.4
55
<5
16
14
0.140
0.060
38
25
641
3.0
15
14.9
1,120
38
53
12212-A
1.5
322
1.0
0.19
0.2
23
3.2
18
<5
18
8.0
0.100
0.030
11
13
671
0.8
6.4
12.6
570
32
51
51-A
3.2
399
1.5
0.30
0.1
47
4.1
22
<5
5.8
10
0.060
0.040
23
17
293
0.8
8.1
7.0
490
34
61
1524-A
3.2
329
1.0
0.28
0.4
29
6.6
35
<5
15
14
0.380
0.050
15
19
435
1.8
8.6
12.8
970
87
40
67-A
3.0
384
1.3
0.14
0.2
54
6.1
30
<5
18
10
0.040
0.040
24
21
577
0.5
6.7
12.5
790
31
61
21-A
4.1
285
1.4
0.23
0.4
54
16.8
81
5
94
13
0.110
0.060
26
26
2,140
0.9
6.3
34.0
670
36
41
53-A
2.1
404
1.3
0.18
0.1
48
7.0
25
<5
16
11
0.050
0.040
22
18
290
0.6
5.3
10.4
620
26
66
41-A
5.0
350
2.1
0.25
0.1
53
6.1
41
<5
13
14
0.070
0.050
26
27
1,020
1.6
11
13.1
590
39
63
38-A
6.9
424
2.2
0.61
0.5
68
10.7
50
7
33
18
0.170
0.070
32
54
586
1.3
10
19.7
750
97
100
50-A
2.4
371
4.5
0.25
0.3
63
6.7
32
<5
17
13
0.090
0.050
54
22
672
2.2
10
11.8
610
43
61
60-A
2.4
217
2.2
0.37
0.1
35
7.0
28
<5
12
11
0.080
0.050
19
30
1,190
0.6
17
13.6
510
27
42
10601-A
3.6
264
1.1
0.31
0.3
34
11.3
39
<5
14
12
0.130
0.060
16
9
649
1.1
8.7
16.0
870
58
42
52-A
2.7
353
2.7
0.27
0.1
71
4.2
27
<5
7.1
16
0.080
0.060
39
20
310
1.1
15
8.1
490
54
104
70-A
6.4
408
2.8
0.80
0.1
52
7.7
72
5
22
13
0.100
0.050
27
34
454
4.4
12
32.2
430
38
62
92-A
3.0
360
3.3
0.31
0.1
49
4.2
25
7
8.9
15
0.060
0.060
79
34
366
1.0
15
7.8
400
34
92
64-A
4.3
449
1.6
0.23
0.2
78
6.6
40
<5
11
15
0.130
0.070
45
20
403
2.4
15
11.7
560
50
49
86-A
10.4
364
2.7
0.62
0.2
47
11
73
7
15
17
0.070
0.070
23
44
488
2.4
16
27.3
680
29
66
24-A
4.2
386
1.8
0.20
<0.1
66
12
54
<5
20
16
0.090
0.080
33
33
671
1.0
14
24.4
1,240
37
69
8692-A
3.4
302
2.1
0.36
1
35
8.3
35
11
20
13
0.250
0.060
25
29
923
1.5
7.1
18.1
1,290
89
80
39-A
2.2
255
0.70
0.23
<0.1
42
7.7
28
<5
9.2
7.5
0.040
0.030
19
12
1,290
0.7
6.0
7.6
400
20
30
66-A
4.2
313
2.4
0.25
0.1
61
11
56
<5
12
14
0.070
0.050
37
21
739
1.3
10
24.3
950
23
46
57-A
1.5
236
1.7
0.11
<0.1
36
1.5
15
<5
4.4
12
0.050
0.030
14
11
180
0.7
13
3.6
310
20
99
73-A
9.3
549
3.0
0.40
9.8
73
9.9
46
6
252
16
0.190
0.080
45
36
2,120
2.2
9.4
23.5
840
81
92
29-A
3.2
482
1.8
0.15
0.3
61
15
46
<5
22
16
0.050
0.070
28
50
782
1.1
14
24.6
1,570
39
86
72-A
6.5
543
2.6
0.28
0.6
84
13
40
6
17
15
0.150
0.060
43
42
2,550
1.2
9.4
20.2
920
54
82
17-A
4.4
359
1.2
0.19
0.4
30
3.8
24
<5
11
13
0.110
0.050
20
12
436
1.1
8.9
7.2
680
43
44
68-A
0.7
685
1.4
0.05
<0.1
18
2.3
8
<5
4.0
6.3
0.020
0.000
10
7.0
234
1.1
3.0
2.2
100
20
41
90-A
1.8
247
1.4
0.13
0.2
34
3.7
22
<5
11
8.3
0.050
0.020
16
12
671
0.4
4.0
7.1
450
24
43
93-A
4.0
266
2.3
1.10
0.3
90
5.5
38
7
17
13
0.110
0.050
44
29
625
0.9
8.9
9.3
560
67
76
30-A
2.9
686
2.5
0.27
0.2
47
5.9
25
7
11
13
0.110
0.040
29
30
492
2.1
9.5
7.2
710
37
69
3433-A
2.8
308
1.3
0.23
<0.1
28
2.2
13
<5
5.6
10
0.100
0.030
10
7.0
175
0.9
9.1
5.0
420
49
75
85-A
4.3
465
2.2
0.15
0.2
102
9.3
42
<5
20
15
0.070
0.050
46
26
816
1.1
9.9
15.5
1,770
40
64
46-A
2.9
327
1.9
0.13
0.2
40
6.7
30
<5
8.4
11
0.060
0.040
19
10
568
0.6
9.0
10.8
1,160
42
66
48-A
2.3
773
2.0
0.18
0.1
72
9.8
41
<5
11
18
0.090
0.070
41
28
1,140
0.8
15
16.8
1,380
31
115
61-A
4.7
511
2.4
0.26
0.2
130
13
44
14
57
15
0.090
0.070
74
78
432
2.8
8.9
35.6
460
42
84
2409-A
3.2
302
1.1
0.15
0.1
61
3.9
24
<5
16
9
0.120
0.030
29
14
503
0.5
5.2
9.7
1,110
22
48
22-A
3.4
345
1.6
0.20
0.1
35
4.0
27
<5
11
12
0.110
0.050
16
18
405
2.1
8.9
8.5
340
43
33
56-A
3.3
325
1.6
0.19
0.4
52
8.9
36
<5
41
12
0.120
0.050
27
25
1,200
0.8
7.4
15.7
1,220
49
53
98-A
5.7
405
2.7
0.22
0.4
56
7.0
29
<5
12
15
0.070
0.050
33
25
880
1.1
8.0
10.0
1,230
40
72
36-A
3.7
415
1.6
0.12
0.2
50
4.2
33
<5
17
13
0.090
0.050
34
14
358
3.5
11
8.4
540
37
60
76-A
2.7
379
1.9
0.17
0.1
120
23
42
<5
74
19
0.070
0.050
68
18
867
1.6
12
23.9
810
22
80
82-A
45.8
370
1.8
0.28
0.1
56
5.9
33
<5
155
12
0.050
0.040
26
19
533
0.9
7.7
12.4
660
177
58
14-A
3.7
372
2.4
0.31
0.2
68
6.3
35
<5
13
15
0.080
0.060
32
22
483
1.0
11
11.3
780
58
82
40-A
4.4
399
2.2
0.32
0.1
33
3.1
26
<5
6.8
13
0.070
0.050
15
12
306
1.1
9.4
8.7
430
55
77
83-A
2.1
322
1.7
0.25
0.1
39
2.3
17
<5
11
11
0.060
0.040
24
15
272
1.4
16
4.1
810
31
72
63-A
4.5
375
1.9
0.26
0.5
55
10
36
<5
21
14
0.140
0.060
26
36
739
1.2
8.2
17.8
890
81
73
23-A
3.2
243
0.8
0.23
<0.1
34
2.7
26
<5
19
8.5
0.090
0.040
16
15
391
1.5
5.2
7.6
350
57
31
58-A
2.8
388
2.4
0.11
0.2
88
18
57
<5
11
18
0.050
0.060
42
20
1,180
0.9
12
22.3
1,300
19
46
69-A
5.2
319
1.9
0.22
0.2
53
15
105
<5
12
14
0.100
0.060
31
28
822
1.5
9.9
47.2
1,020
42
67
88-A
4.8
324
1.6
0.32
0.3
29
10
33
<5
19
14
0.120
0.070
16
14
571
1.1
12
14.6
780
62
29
12-A
2.5
479
2.0
0.10
0.6
59
11
33
<5
17
16
0.080
0.050
26
31
884
0.6
8.6
14.3
1,020
49
72
1
Collected nearby and considered the same o
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
27
%, weight percent
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 6
(page 3 of 6)
Field
Geologic /e
Rock A ")
Rock B ?)
Unit code2
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Jp
49.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Jp
51.0
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam..Rocks.other
Zp
110.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Jp
26.2
70.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Ob
20.3
90.0
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Omo+Oml+Och
0.70
15.1
48.0
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam..Rocks.other
71
1.20
12.8
74.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Dst
60
0.70
12.5
43.0
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Or+OC-r+Ora
10.7
84
0.90
27.4
107.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ygr+Yga
2.5
76
1.10
32.1
104.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Jeb
2.2
76
0.70
15.5
70.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zp
69.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Dst
67.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Ohp+Ohb
30.0
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Ygn
38.0
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Or
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
S
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
99-A
0.54
16
1.40
4.4
112
10.0
0.70
3.2
94
2.80
22.5
153.0
62-A
0.63
12
0.60
3.2
131
9.1
0.60
2.1
72
3.00
19.2
97-A
0.18
10
0.40
1.8
99
7.6
0.40
2.2
70
0.50
13.0
244-A
0.45
15
0.60
3.5
74
9.9
0.60
2.6
104
1.20
16.7
11-A
0.67
12
0.70
3.0
90
8.4
0.30
2.0
103
0.90
89-A
0.46
11
0.50
2.7
132
8.6
0.60
2.0
74
0.60
19-A
0.38
8.5
0.70
1.9
108
7.9
0.30
1.8
59
55-A
1.02
8.6
0.70
5.2
114
6.9
0.40
2.8
78-A
0.28
8.7
0.50
1.7
174
6.1
0.30
1.7
44-A
0.51
12
0.90
2.9
149
7.5
0.50
79-A
0.51
11
1.00
3.3
104
7.3
0.50
32-A
0.46
7.7
0.70
1.9
87
17.6
0.50
75-A
1.01
8.6
1.10
4.6
114
7.4
0.50
2.2
68
0.90
16.2
81-A
0.49
9.7
0.90
2.8
155
9.4
0.50
4.1
78
0.80
20.8
12212-A
0.44
5.4
0.50
2.0
143
3.6
0.30
0.8
37
0.60
10.5
51-A
0.24
5.5
0.40
2.4
88
8.7
0.40
1.3
35
0.70
11.3
1524-A
1.39
8.6
1.10
4.4
156
5.3
0.40
1.1
80
0.80
11.7
74.0
Grenville Belt
Granite
Grenville Granite
Dng
67-A
0.26
5.1
0.40
1.9
73
9.4
0.40
2.1
58
0.60
12.1
61.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zp
21-A
0.54
13
1.00
2.1
90
6.4
0.30
2.8
141
1.00
24.1
156.0
Mesozoic Basin
Rocks
Basalt
DSw
53-A
0.24
6.0
0.40
1.8
71
8.3
0.50
1.6
52
0.60
8.1
59.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Ota+SOh
41-A
0.48
12
1.20
2.8
100
8.6
0.40
2.7
80
1.00
21.6
47.0
NH - ME Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Otw
38-A
1.21
10
1.30
5.2
89
10.5
0.60
2.7
104
1.30
13.0
73.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
50-A
0.44
7.9
1.00
2.6
110
5.4
0.30
5.1
50
1.00
48.3
64.0
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Or+OC-r+Ora
60-A
0.34
8.5
0.60
2.0
82
4.6
0.30
1.6
59
0.80
21.1
61.0
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Cmcu
10601-A
0.76
14
0.90
3.4
150
3.9
0.20
1.0
113
0.70
15.1
45.0
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Omal
52-A
0.52
9.2
0.80
3.1
117
10.7
0.50
2.6
58
0.90
23.0
42.0
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Or+OC-r+Ora
70-A
0.60
8.3
0.90
2.8
135
6.6
0.40
1.8
74
1.50
15.7
61.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
92-A
0.43
8.5
0.80
3.4
131
7.9
0.70
4.6
72
0.90
68.7
32.0
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Omo+Oml+Och
64-A
1.13
10
0.90
3.2
162
6.5
0.30
2.0
73
0.70
17.3
63.0
Grenville Belt
Granite
Grenville Granite
Ocg
86-A
0.31
14
0.80
3.3
148
6.4
0.50
2.7
93
1.60
18.4
65.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
Dc
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
24-A
0.70
11
0.80
3.0
87
8.4
0.50
1.8
100
0.60
17.5
83.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
8692-A
1.31
8.2
1.10
4.8
65
4.2
0.40
1.2
73
1.40
16.6
89.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ow
39-A
0.21
8.5
0.40
1.0
67
8.4
0.20
1.8
79
1.10
21.6
28.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
66-A
0.28
10
1.10
1.8
157
6.9
0.40
2.6
91
1.00
23.0
45.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
57-A
0.20
3.6
0.70
1.7
69
9.1
0.60
1.6
34
0.40
9.9
18.0
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Ch
73-A
0.88
8.2
1.60
4.8
133
9.2
0.70
2.4
96
1.40
29.6
657.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
29-A
0.28
11
0.30
3.7
113
7.1
0.50
2.3
80
0.60
16.8
97.0
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Omo
72-A
0.81
13
1.10
3.5
84
9.1
0.40
2.3
90
1.10
28.9
138.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zsh
17-A
0.69
7
0.70
2.6
108
4.2
0.30
1.1
60
0.70
11.3
31.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Csb
68-A
0.13
4.5
0.00
0.7
135
3.1
0.20
2.3
24
0.50
6.0
11.0
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Or+OC-r+Ora
90-A
0.23
5.1
0.30
1.2
82
5.7
0.30
1.2
35
0.30
9.4
34.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zp
93-A
0.66
10
1.20
3.2
91
12.7
0.40
3.9
67
0.90
18.0
47.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
30-A
0.48
9.9
0.80
2.9
138
8.4
0.50
2.6
67
1.30
15.6
35.0
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Or+OC-r+Ora
3433-A
0.73
4.1
0.50
3.7
88
3.5
0.40
1.3
34
0.60
12.1
23.0
Avalon Belt
Granite
Granite, other
Ch
85-A
0.33
11
0.60
2.5
165
12.3
0.40
2.4
71
0.50
14.9
74.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ygr+Yga
46-A
0.32
9.4
0.20
2.3
142
5.0
0.30
1.5
45
0.70
16.1
45.0
Avalon Belt
Rocks
Rocks
Ob
48-A
0.40
10
0.50
2.7
120
8.9
0.60
2.0
65
0.90
25.5
76.0
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Jta
61-A
0.78
7.9
1.10
6.2
119
9.6
0.60
3.4
84
1.40
38.4
99.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Csc
2409-A
0.21
6.7
0.40
1.1
83
9.7
0.30
2.3
41
0.50
13.0
38.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zsph
22-A
0.66
6.2
0.80
2.5
132
4.4
0.30
1.5
57
0.50
9.9
35.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Cm
56-A
0.59
8.3
0.50
2.5
94
6.7
0.40
1.9
68
0.80
19.9
91.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Ota+SOh
98-A
0.29
9.3
0.60
3.3
123
6.6
0.50
2.7
60
0.70
20.0
80.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Cm
36-A
0.79
8.5
1.10
2.3
120
8.6
0.30
1.9
61
0.70
17.5
32.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
76-A
0.50
12
0.70
2.5
197
12.1
0.60
2.3
88
0.40
35.1
70.0
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Trnh
82-A
0.56
9.0
0.50
3.2
100
9.5
0.30
2.2
59
0.90
16.0
50.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
Dss
14-A
0.67
11
0.70
3.3
115
8.8
0.30
2.3
67
1.10
14.7
46.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
40-A
0.70
6.9
0.50
3.1
117
5.5
0.50
1.5
44
0.70
11.0
31.0
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
DSw
83-A
0.34
5.4
0.60
3.7
89
7.3
0.50
2.1
35
0.90
38.9
31.0
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Ch
63-A
0.73
10
0.50
3.0
88
8.0
0.50
2.0
77
1.30
16.2
110.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zsh
23-A
0.71
4.7
0.50
2.7
70
4.8
0.30
1.3
57
0.50
9.1
34.0
58-A
0.29
15
0.30
2.1
276
6.4
0.40
1.4
93
0.50
25.1
108.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zsph
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
69-A
0.55
11
0.90
2.9
122
6.7
0.40
1.8
86
0.80
24.7
Trnh
66.0
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
88-A
0.78
11
1.20
4.0
154
3.3
0.40
1.2
88
0.70
~
13.4
41.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
12-A
0.17
10.9
0.50
2.2
187
6.1
0.40
2.4
70
0.50
Ot+Otb++Oc+DSts
16.7
127.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
OC-s
1
Collected nearby and considered the same as the preceding site
2
Rodgers, 1985
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
28
%, weight percent
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 6
(page 4 of 6)
Field
e
Al (%)
Ca (%)
Fe (%)
K (%)
Mg (%)
Na (%)
S (%)
31-A
41.85635
-71.93299
9/14/2007 Natchaug State Forest, Pomfret
2-8
4.8
0.7
1.8
1.3
0.31
0.81
0.060
0.27
28-A
41.85987
-73.37311
11/12/2007 Housatonic State Forest, Cornwall
0-8
6.2
1.5
3.8
1.3
0.67
1.3
0.070
0.42
10/22/2007 Sharon Cntry Club, Sharon
0 - 15
5.8
0.2
3.8
2.6
0.81
0.50
0.030
0.22
2-8
4.6
1.2
2.3
1.0
0.43
1.1
0.030
0.24
94-A
41.86737
-73.48851
74-A
41.86948
-72.29285
8/27/2007 Fisher Rd, Willington
8/29/2007 Mountain St, Ellington
65-A
41.88480
-72.43995
96-A
41.88517
-71.98333
in cm
9/7/2007 Hamlet Hill Rd, Pomfret
Ti (%)
0 - 13
5.7
1.0
2.3
1.3
0.47
1.5
0.030
0.26
0 - 15
6.1
1.3
2.3
1.7
0.78
1.1
0.030
0.29
0.38
33-A
41.89168
-73.09736
11/12/2007 Burr Pond State Park, Winchester
1-8
5.3
1.2
2.6
1.6
0.51
1.3
0.030
20-A
41.90769
-72.59089
8/14/2007 Flaherty Wildlife Area, E. Windsor
0 - 20
9.4
0.4
4.4
2.8
0.96
0.84
0.050
0.37
25-A
41.91391
-72.30978
10/5/2007 Kollar Wildlife Area, Tolland
2 - 23
6.0
1.6
2.4
1.0
0.47
1.4
0.040
0.23
47-A
41.92294
-72.20025
9/28/2007 Armitage Rd, Ashford
2 - 13
5.1
0.7
3.4
2.2
0.64
0.73
0.020
0.34
95-A
41.92664
-72.54642
9/28/2007 R. State Park, E. Windsor
0 - 28
5.7
1.0
2.3
1.4
0.63
1.7
0.030
0.24
8/20/2007 MDC Prop., Barkhamsted Reservoir, Barkhamsted
0.32
71-A
41.93060
-72.95991
5 - 18
5.8
1.0
2.7
1.4
0.50
1.2
0.030
43-A
41.94549
-73.36313
10/22/2007 Park Service, Canaan
0 - 10
5.4
0.6
3.4
2.1
1.1
0.54
0.030
0.27
54-A
41.94818
-73.19727
11/16/2007 Denis Hill State Park, Norfolk
2-5
4.8
0.9
3.6
1.0
0.53
0.81
0.080
0.41
11/16/2007 Newgate Wildlife Area, E. Granby
37-A
41.96188
-72.74984
9577-A
41.96384
-73.01340
7/16/2007 Algonquin SF, Hartland
11/9/2007 Nipmuck SF, Stafford
15-A
41.97108
-72.23928
91-A
41.97150
-72.45142
49-A
41.97900
-72.97923
16-A
41.98525
-71.92392
9/7/2007 Field St, Somers
8/20/2007 MDC Prop., Center Hill, Hartland
9/7/2007 Fabyan Rd, Thompson
8 - 10
5.3
0.5
2.3
1.2
0.41
1.1
0.040
0.28
8 - 13
3.7
0.9
1.5
1.3
0.28
0.98
0.070
0.19
0-8
5.2
0.7
3.0
1.6
0.50
0.87
0.020
0.34
0 - 23
5.6
0.5
2.0
1.3
0.36
1.7
0.010
0.16
2.5 - 5
4.2
0.4
1.5
1.3
0.17
0.67
0.030
0.26
2 - 18
5.5
0.7
2.3
1.8
0.36
0.97
0.030
0.31
0.39
84-A
41.98614
-72.08260
8/27/2007 Town Prop., Rt 198, Woodstock
0-5
5.1
0.9
4.0
1.3
0.68
0.70
0.040
84B-A1
41.99210
-72.08311
9/14/2007 Nipmuck SF, Woodstock
0 - 18
5.3
0.6
3.4
1.5
0.44
0.72
0.040
0.38
80-A
42.03065
-73.43542
11/12/2007 Mt. Riga State Park, Salisbury
20 - 30
8.0
0.5
4.2
1.7
0.91
0.60
0.030
0.40
80B-A1
42.03031
-73.43457
11/12/2007 Mt. Riga State Park, Salisbury
2.5 - 8
7.8
0.2
4.4
1.7
0.72
0.62
0.030
0.42
1
Collected nearby and considered the same as the preceding site
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
29
%, weight percent
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 6
(page 5 of 6)
Field
As
Ba
Be
Bi
Cd
Ce
Co
C
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
31-A
5.2
322
1.8
0.17
<0.1
60
3.3
31
<5
9.4
11
0.090
0.040
33
15
345
1.0
10
8.3
980
59
68
28-A
5.8
603
3.2
0.18
0.4
113
94
48
<5
49
17
0.100
0.070
84
31
1,030
4.9
13
39.3
930
34
68
94-A
6.4
486
2.1
0.19
0.4
70
19
44
<5
20
15
0.090
0.060
41
33
1,580
1.9
6.3
33.5
700
37
103
74-A
3.1
365
1.0
0.18
<0.1
23
3.9
29
<5
6.3
9.3
0.070
0.040
11
8
486
1.0
5.1
8.4
380
40
35
65-A
2.1
449
1.7
0.20
0.2
56
6.1
28
<5
8.1
12
0.050
0.040
28
17
435
0.8
7.0
9.3
670
30
56
96-A
6.5
453
3.4
0.28
0.2
68
7.5
59
<5
14
14
0.040
0.050
34
36
496
0.9
12
25.6
1,170
30
88
33-A
4.1
443
1.5
0.26
0.2
49
5.4
32
<5
20
16
0.110
0.070
23
11
298
1.2
12
10.2
730
85
43
20-A
3.7
709
3.2
0.27
0.2
76
19
76
7
18
27
0.080
0.110
35
61
1,110
1.7
15
28.6
1,040
53
168
25-A
1.8
387
1.8
0.21
0.1
51
6.1
32
<5
9.3
13
0.050
0.040
33
13
375
0.9
6.3
9.4
410
18
44
47-A
1.9
748
0.9
0.09
<0.1
38
7.9
40
<5
8.7
11
0.040
0.060
20
10
788
1.0
7.1
13.0
340
33
87
95-A
2.9
491
2.2
0.16
0.2
64
10
40
<5
15
14
0.040
0.050
30
23
609
0.6
7.9
15.4
720
32
66
71-A
2.8
442
1.9
0.19
0.2
57
6.9
38
<5
9.4
14
0.120
0.060
26
22
669
0.8
9.9
15.2
1,010
35
60
43-A
6.0
488
1.8
0.18
0.2
76
11
37
<5
19
13
0.060
0.050
31
33
1,200
0.9
6.6
22.2
1,040
30
70
54-A
5.0
314
1.2
0.24
0.3
47
6.4
37
<5
10
15
0.230
0.060
22
17
573
1.5
9.2
10.7
1,790
58
44
37-A
5.6
399
1.6
1.10
0.2
69
5.3
35
<5
26
13
0.100
0.070
33
25
341
1.2
8.6
12.5
1,210
75
59
9577-A
2.4
413
1.0
0.21
0.3
26
3.8
20
<5
10
10
0.120
0.040
11
6.0
264
0.7
6.2
9.7
490
292
38
15-A
2.6
534
1.6
0.12
0.1
68
8.5
39
<5
13
12
0.000
0.050
39
11
868
1.6
9.6
12.2
410
42
70
91-A
2.3
489
1.7
0.19
<0.1
41
5.3
29
<5
12
12
0.030
0.030
20
15
447
0.7
4.8
11.8
480
20
54
49-A
4.6
308
1.6
0.35
0.3
35
1.9
22
<5
12
15
0.110
0.050
18
12
255
1.2
9.8
4.7
350
56
58
16-A
4.7
496
5.6
0.31
0.2
64
6.6
32
5
10
23
0.060
0.060
32
21
511
3.4
14
9.4
840
53
144
84-A
5.6
418
1.6
0.24
0.2
65
7.6
50
<5
17
14
0.090
0.080
31
21
912
2.2
11
19.9
670
72
82
84B-A1
7.4
445
1.5
0.25
0.1
58
5.9
42
<5
10
15
0.100
0.070
27
23
443
1.6
11
13.6
590
59
74
80-A
5.0
583
3.6
0.24
0.2
133
18
64
7
27
23
0.050
0.090
177
78
1,100
1.2
13
36.4
610
31
106
80B-A1
6.1
532
2.8
0.22
0.2
101
18
52
<5
19
21
0.080
0.090
69
60
2,040
1.1
14
25.5
1,420
56
117
1
Collected nearby and considered the same o
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
30
%, weight percent
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 6
(page 6 of 6)
Field
Geologic /e
Rock A ")
Rock B ?)
Unit code2
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
106.0
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Trnh
136.0
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Ogl
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Obr
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Or+OC-r+Ora
51.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
13.2
60.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ygn
2.00
13.7
140.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Oq
0.50
19.8
29.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Obr
62
0.50
23.5
48.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
2.6
63
0.70
16.8
64.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Dsfg
0.40
1.7
63
0.60
16.5
61.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ow
0.50
1.5
59
0.50
16.1
108.0
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Ogl
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
S
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
31-A
0.45
7.8
0.90
2.7
112
8.6
0.40
2.6
46
0.90
16.9
31.0
28-A
0.66
12
1.70
3.4
180
5.5
1.10
11.5
77
0.50
38.0
94-A
0.58
11
0.50
2.4
50
7.3
0.70
1.7
73
0.80
20.3
74-A
0.56
7.8
0.50
1.9
118
3.7
0.30
1.2
59
0.40
13.0
28.0
65-A
0.25
10
0.30
1.9
124
7.7
0.30
2.6
66
0.70
13.6
44.0
96-A
0.18
10
0.30
2.7
150
10.1
0.60
6.7
54
1.20
24.2
33-A
1.01
9.8
1.00
4.9
170
4.2
0.40
1.4
73
0.70
20-A
0.47
20
0.80
4.0
109
11.0
0.70
3.2
136
25-A
0.23
11
1.00
1.7
106
7.2
0.30
2.0
71
47-A
0.25
12
0.40
1.1
150
7.9
0.40
1.0
95-A
0.16
11
0.30
1.8
170
8.4
0.40
71-A
0.49
8.4
0.60
2.4
134
7.3
43-A
0.29
8.9
0.30
2.9
79
7.4
54-A
0.87
9.7
1.30
2.9
166
4.7
0.40
1.5
83
0.60
11.1
62.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Owm
37-A
0.83
8.0
0.70
3.9
100
9.4
0.50
2.3
71
0.90
15.3
63.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Ota+SOh
9577-A
1.90
5.5
0.60
2.8
119
2.7
0.30
0.8
38
0.50
9.6
43.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Cd
15-A
0.42
11
0.50
1.9
154
8.2
0.30
1.6
70
0.50
33.4
64.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Obr
91-A
0.26
6.9
0.30
1.3
142
6.1
0.40
1.3
50
0.60
7.5
35.0
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sed.
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Zsh
49-A
1.17
7.0
0.70
3.6
72
4.4
0.30
1.5
60
0.90
7.0
33.0
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ygs
16-A
0.65
14
0.70
3.3
142
11.8
0.70
3.4
52
1.20
18.5
40.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
SOh
84-A
0.94
9.9
0.70
2.8
118
10.7
0.60
1.9
94
0.80
17.2
93.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
84B-A1
0.75
9.3
1.00
3.0
136
9.7
0.60
2.1
80
0.80
14.5
70.0
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
80-A
0.28
14
1.00
2.8
104
12.4
0.70
8.2
90
1.00
81.0
103.0
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Obr
80B-A1
0.80
13
0.80
3.3
82
7.1
0.50
1.7
83
1.00
48.2
117.0
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Jp
1
Collected nearby and considered the same as the preceding site
Rodgers, 1985
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
2
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
31
%, weight percent
GpA, group A
GpB, group B
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 7
Lithologic descriptions and concentrations of selected elements in extractions
for surficial soil samples collected from the upper 5 centimeters at 100 sites in Connecticut,
and associated mapped underlying bedrock type
Field
e
e
09-PH
41.067640
-73.623850
99-PH
41.171410
-73.321970
62-PH
41.209050
-73.286510
42-PH
41.249110
-73.197820
97-PH
41.271110
-72.637040
244-PH
41.276750
-73.025700
7/12/2007 House Lane
Loca
ion
Dep
h
Na (%)
S (%)
Ti (%)
0-5 cm
5.8
1.55
3.0
1.7
1.00
1.29
0.03
0.40
8/16/2007 Aspectuck Land Trust, Sturges Hwy, Westport
0-5 cm
4.6
1.31
2.2
1.4
0.55
1.53
0.03
0.20
8/16/2007 Hemlock Reservior, Fairfield
0-5 cm
5.4
0.76
2.6
1.4
0.48
1.00
0.07
0.38
8/8/2007 Ward Place,Trumbull
0-5 cm
5.8
0.55
3.2
1.7
0.53
0.82
0.04
0.40
9/21/2007 Bay, Madison
0-5 cm
4.9
1.07
2.7
1.0
0.43
1.58
0.05
0.17
0-5 cm
6.5
0.27
3.9
1.9
1.16
0.83
0.05
0.40
8/8/2007 Birch Lane, Greenwich
Al (%) Ca (%)
Fe (%)
K (%) Mg (%)
11-PH
41.277330
-73.003400
11/9/2007 Orange Hills Country Club, Orange
0-5 cm
5.5
1.14
3.0
1.1
0.69
1.01
0.05
0.32
89-PH
41.278910
-73.519380
8/28/2007 " Cons. Com., Remington Rd, "d
0-5 cm
6.7
1.42
3.4
1.4
2.08
0.94
0.05
0.37
19-PH
41.295960
-72.341330
9/17/2007 Great Island Wildlife Area, Old Lyme
0-5 cm
3.5
0.70
1.7
0.8
0.28
0.79
0.12
0.20
55-PH
41.297490
-73.430500
8/22/2007 Ln, Redding
0-5 cm
5.2
0.83
2.5
1.5
0.59
0.93
0.10
0.26
78-PH
41.317110
-72.517660
9/21/2007 Kelseytown Rd, Clinton
0-5 cm
5.3
1.43
2.0
0.7
0.35
1.64
0.05
0.14
44-PH
41.322610
-73.418040
8/27/2007 Gallows Hill Rd, Redding
0-5 cm
6.0
1.26
3.2
1.7
1.34
1.22
0.05
0.39
79-PH
41.344260
-73.048970
0-5 cm
6.7
0.95
3.4
1.6
0.54
0.98
0.06
0.38
32-PH
41.352860
-72.738580
0-5 cm
5.2
0.34
2.4
1.5
0.33
1.36
0.03
0.22
75-PH
41.371320
-73.056790
8/6/2007 Burmingham %&' Watershed, Seymour
0-5 cm
5.9
0.84
2.7
1.3
0.48
1.26
0.06
0.35
13-PH
41.372300
-73.191180
8/8/2007 Monroe Tpke, Monroe
0-5 cm
4.8
0.42
2.0
1.4
0.26
0.66
0.14
0.28
81-PH
41.400370
-73.297580
0-5 cm
5.5
1.15
3.0
1.2
0.62
1.31
0.05
0.35
12212-PH
41.405790
-72.179690
7/13/2007 Lake Konomoc, Waterford
0-5 cm
3.8
0.65
1.7
1.5
0.24
0.87
0.04
0.19
51-PH
41.415000
-72.238380
9/16/2007 #
State Forest, Walnut Hill, E. Lyme
0-5 cm
3.8
0.72
1.5
1.4
0.25
0.73
0.07
0.20
1524-PH
41.425770
-73.500910
7/12/2007 King St. school, Danbury
0-5 cm
4.6
1.28
2.6
1.0
0.59
1.02
0.09
0.38
67-PH
41.428700
-72.787300
9/19/2007 Tyler Mill, Taramac Swamp Rd, Wallingford
0-5 cm
5.1
0.42
1.8
1.4
0.38
1.66
0.03
0.18
21-PH
41.435690
-72.697330
9/21/2007 Rt 77, Durham
0-5 cm
6.0
0.50
4.5
0.8
0.41
1.26
0.04
0.40
53-PH
41.438783
-72.759167
9/19/2007 Scard Rd, Town of Wallingford Prop.
0-5 cm
5.3
0.41
2.0
1.5
0.29
1.46
0.06
0.19
10/1/2007 Devils Hopyard SP, E. Haddam
0-5 cm
4.6
0.72
2.9
0.9
0.41
0.75
0.09
0.27
0-5 cm
7.2
0.42
3.3
1.6
0.45
0.95
0.04
0.31
8/7/2007 Ansonia Nature and Rec. Center, Ansonia
9/10/2007 Dudly preserve, Guilford
8/7/2007 Newtown Country Club, Newtown
41-PH
41.459980
-72.336360
38-PH
41.462430
-72.998770
50-PH
41.463600
-72.253020
11/9/2007 #
SF,Rt 85, Salem
0-5 cm
5.3
0.80
2.2
1.1
0.44
0.92
0.05
0.26
60-PH
41.464050
-72.583230
8/27/2007 Cockaponset SF, Arkay Dr, Haddam
0-5 cm
5.4
1.00
2.3
0.6
0.43
1.57
0.04
0.18
0.47
10/19/2007 Naugatuck SF, Bethany
10601-PH
41.471860
-71.902760
7/13/2007 Patchaug SF, North Stonington
0-5 cm
4.4
1.56
3.0
0.8
0.72
0.95
0.11
52-PH
41.482030
-71.850220
10/1/2007 Pachaug SF, Fowler Rd, N. Stonington
0-5 cm
5.9
0.80
2.1
1.7
0.34
1.18
0.05
0.29
70-PH
41.484483
-72.437983
9/19/2007 Alger Rd, East Hampton
0-5 cm
5.8
1.20
3.0
0.9
0.89
0.90
0.06
0.35
0.32
92-PH
41.524720
-71.874090
10/1/2007 Pachaug SF, Coal Pit Hill, Griswold
0-5 cm
5.8
0.95
2.3
1.6
0.32
1.17
0.04
64-PH
41.526040
-73.488210
10/9/2007 Pootatuck SF, New Fairfield
0-5 cm
3.8
0.68
3.9
0.8
0.35
0.77
0.09
0.35
86-PH
41.530980
-72.172320
9/24/2007 Bear Hill Wildlife Area, Bozrah
0-5 cm
5.4
1.88
2.9
0.9
0.96
1.02
0.08
0.39
24-PH
41.550700
-73.481350
10/9/2007 Orange Rest Rd, Sherman
0-5 cm
5.7
0.72
4.0
1.2
0.72
0.73
0.07
0.51
87-PH
41.555180
-72.705890
0-5 cm
5.6
0.39
2.2
1.3
0.38
1.88
0.05
0.21
10/15/2007 Sisk Rd, Middletown
8692-PH
41.557750
-73.243190
7/12/2007 small suburb
0-5 cm
5.5
0.60
3.1
1.4
0.58
0.66
0.10
0.29
39-PH
41.560610
-72.444520
8/23/2007 Salmon R. SF, Colchester
0-5 cm
2.5
0.40
3.2
0.5
0.19
0.73
0.09
0.21
27-PH
41.576200
-73.044720
10/15/2007 Concord St, Waterbury
0-5 cm
5.8
0.83
2.7
1.4
0.60
1.33
0.03
0.26
35-PH
41.584100
-73.107030
10/15/2007 Kimberly Ln, Watertown
0-5 cm
4.3
0.64
1.9
1.0
0.28
0.98
0.07
0.22
66-PH
41.594180
-72.201630
0-5 cm
5.4
1.49
2.8
0.8
0.82
0.89
0.08
0.46
10-PH
41.597360
-72.851230
10/22/2007 Rt 364, Southington
0-5 cm
4.6
0.58
2.1
1.3
0.55
1.25
0.02
0.17
18-PH
41.606450
-71.983080
9/24/2007 Main St, Griswold
0-5 cm
5.5
2.10
2.8
1.5
0.91
1.62
0.04
0.31
57-PH
41.609690
-71.804630
9/24/2007 Pachaug SF, Voluntown
0-5 cm
4.2
0.52
1.3
2.0
0.12
1.14
0.04
0.21
26-PH
41.609790
-72.113770
10/5/2007 Eager Rd, Franklin
0-5 cm
6.5
1.14
2.5
1.4
0.55
1.48
0.05
0.33
73-PH
41.610867
-73.055750
9/12/2007 &* SF, Thomaston
0-5 cm
4.7
0.65
2.3
1.1
0.42
0.76
0.10
0.23
29-PH
41.611150
-73.503680
10/9/2007 Taber Rd, Sherman
0-5 cm
6.3
1.16
4.0
2.1
1.31
0.79
0.07
0.42
72-PH
41.620410
-72.823700
11/7/2007 New Britain Reservior, Southington
0-5 cm
5.9
0.64
2.9
1.2
0.60
1.01
0.07
0.29
17-PH
41.621410
-73.290790
0-5 cm
3.2
0.55
1.7
0.8
0.23
0.60
0.09
0.27
8/9/2007 Pease Brook Wildlife Area, Lebanon
10/29/2007 Horse Heaven Rd, Washington
68-PH
41.623870
-72.557760
8/14/2007 Meshomasic SF, Portland
0-5 cm
4.3
1.23
1.0
1.3
0.20
1.44
0.03
0.10
90-PH
41.633510
-72.910750
11/5/2007 Pine Valley Golf Course, Southington
0-5 cm
4.0
0.52
1.6
1.0
0.26
1.20
0.03
0.14
93-PH
41.647230
-73.030300
30-PH
41.670210
-72.479400
3433-PH
41.672610
-71.793200
85-PH
41.674270
-73.293110
9/12/2007 &* SF, Todd Hollow Rd, Plymouth
10/15/2007 Meshomasic SF, Glastonbury
7/13/2007 Patchaug SF, Sterling
10/26/2007 Rumsey Hall School, Washington
0-5 cm
5.3
0.42
3.1
1.3
0.28
0.98
0.05
0.35
0-5 cm
5.6
1.36
2.2
1.6
0.36
1.22
0.05
0.26
0-5 cm
3.6
0.61
1.1
1.7
0.15
0.93
0.04
0.16
0-5 cm
5.8
1.17
2.9
1.5
0.64
1.28
0.07
0.36
6505-PH
41.684770
-72.743940
7/12/2007 "
yard
0-5 cm
4.5
0.47
1.9
1.2
0.44
1.46
0.02
0.18
46-PH
41.691020
-71.954500
10/12/2007 Rt 14A, Plainfield
0-5 cm
4.8
1.37
2.1
1.3
0.48
1.23
0.04
0.28
48-PH
41.691680
-73.358390
10/26/2007 Mt Bushnell SP, Washington
0-5 cm
6.5
0.59
3.0
3.4
0.57
0.63
0.06
0.45
61-PH
41.710500
-73.169740
10/29/2007 White Memorial Found., Pitch Rd, X&#d
0-5 cm
6.3
0.64
3.0
1.5
0.60
0.98
0.04
0.34
0.20
2409-PH
41.714570
-72.554640
7/12/2007 Tobacco/corn, Glastonbury
0-5 cm
4.5
0.51
1.8
1.1
0.31
1.25
0.01
22-PH
41.733930
-73.205550
10/29/2007 Whites Wood rd, Litchfield
0-5 cm
4.3
0.83
2.2
1.2
0.32
1.02
0.05
0.27
56-PH
41.737780
-72.816740
8/13/2007 Pheasant Hill, Farmington
0-5 cm
5.0
0.68
2.5
1.1
0.52
1.16
0.05
0.27
98-PH
41.747170
-73.044310
0-5 cm
5.5
0.94
2.6
1.6
0.44
1.27
0.06
0.27
34-PH
41.747360
-72.715640
8/13/2007 Prospect Ave, West Hartford
0-5 cm
4.1
1.55
3.4
1.0
0.54
1.48
0.08
0.21
77-PH
41.748210
-72.293120
10/5/2007 Willow Glen Dr, Coventry
0-5 cm
3.1
0.58
1.1
0.6
0.22
0.58
0.14
0.12
9/5/2007 Roraback Wildlife Area, Harwinton
%, weight percent
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
32
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 7
(PAGE 2 OF 6)
Field
As
Ba
Be
Bi
Cd
Ce
Co
C
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
09-PH
9.0
648
2.7
0.16
0.3
64
11.6
71
<5
23
14.2
0.08
0.1
30.9
25.0
717
0.8
14.5
24
1,180
100
71
99-PH
1.5
339
1.5
0.12
0.3
44
7.4
29
<5
18
8.9
0.01
0.0
21.5
15.0
615
0.7
5.1
12
440
51
52
62-PH
4.5
382
1.8
0.35
0.2
62
5.9
43
<5
27
12.7
0.21
0.1
32.2
26.0
452
1.4
12.2
20
920
85
61
42-PH
4.4
336
2.5
2.35
0.3
54
7.6
64
12
23
13.2
0.22
0.1
28.4
55.0
904
1.9
16.9
18
1,040
70
110
97-PH
2.7
275
1.3
0.37
0.2
35
7.0
27
<5
20
8.8
0.09
0.0
17.0
16.0
1,150
0.6
4.0
13
670
40
43
244-PH
5.4
432
2.2
0.25
0.3
63
15.9
83
<5
30
15.3
0.10
0.1
30.5
46.0
848
0.9
10.2
44
1,200
59
104
11-PH
4.7
300
1.5
0.24
0.5
54
8.8
56
<5
28
10.5
0.10
0.1
34.7
23.0
891
0.8
6.7
26
700
63
52
89-PH
2.5
493
2.1
0.17
0.3
62
10.7
48
<5
14
15.4
0.10
0.1
28.5
36.0
579
1.1
12.4
21
630
55
65
19-PH
3.8
247
0.9
0.36
0.7
32
4.3
24
<5
27
7.8
0.24
0.1
16.7
11.0
1,010
1.5
6.7
15
1,280
99
35
55-PH
3.7
403
2.1
0.30
0.4
58
7.4
35
<5
18
12.7
0.25
0.1
26.4
33.0
1,120
1.6
11.7
16
1,380
79
84
78-PH
3.4
331
2.1
0.18
0.3
23
5.1
21
<5
13
11.1
0.08
0.0
11.3
14.0
653
0.7
4.1
8
680
46
33
44-PH
4.8
492
2.3
0.21
0.5
60
10.6
46
<5
16
14.2
0.16
0.1
34.2
32.0
787
0.8
11.2
23
950
58
70
79-PH
4.5
416
2.4
0.31
0.6
81
8.4
41
5
30
15.2
0.08
0.1
52.6
43.0
1,020
1.0
11.9
20
1,900
50
88
32-PH
3.6
389
1.2
0.19
0.1
59
8.8
24
<5
24
10.5
0.07
0.0
32.1
27.0
760
0.6
5.2
13
480
34
56
75-PH
6.0
323
1.7
0.42
0.3
56
5.2
36
<5
28
12.4
0.16
0.1
29.5
35.0
557
1.6
9.5
13
850
82
59
13-PH
6.4
342
1.8
0.46
0.6
68
8.0
35
<5
39
14.9
0.30
0.1
42.3
22.0
1,330
2.0
9.6
16
2,350
127
89
81-PH
3.4
442
1.9
0.18
0.2
54
8.7
42
<5
16
11.1
0.11
0.0
28.1
20.0
803
1.3
9.6
15
920
54
42
12212-PH
3.3
359
1.1
0.12
<0.1
27
2.7
20
<5
5
7.4
0.07
0.0
13.4
10.0
355
0.8
5.6
8
420
31
47
51-PH
2.7
404
1.0
0.14
0.3
41
3.4
24
<5
8
8.3
0.08
0.0
20.2
14.0
575
0.8
6.1
8
720
47
56
1524-PH
5.1
324
1.1
0.25
0.3
27
6.0
37
<5
16
11.6
0.39
0.1
17.2
22.0
419
1.7
8.0
12
840
69
33
67-PH
2.3
361
1.4
0.15
0.1
42
5.7
25
<5
13
9.8
0.03
0.0
19.0
18.0
492
0.4
5.7
10
760
25
63
21-PH
5.6
285
1.4
0.30
0.3
52
18.5
94
6
119
13.1
0.11
0.1
25.2
31.0
1,420
0.8
7.3
38
740
45
39
53-PH
2.5
404
1.2
0.22
0.2
58
6.8
27
<5
18
10.7
0.05
0.0
31.9
19.0
384
0.5
5.6
11
850
30
63
41-PH
4.7
291
1.2
0.31
0.3
37
5.6
36
<5
14
12.1
0.16
0.1
17.6
22.0
1,250
1.8
9.4
14
900
73
62
38-PH
4.0
428
3.0
0.47
0.4
46
13.2
51
8
17
17.3
0.08
0.1
24.0
61.0
707
0.9
9.9
23
710
39
108
50-PH
4.1
382
4.2
0.25
0.2
53
5.8
30
<5
18
12.0
0.11
0.1
46.2
23.0
666
2.2
9.5
12
640
47
52
60-PH
3.1
192
2.7
0.39
0.2
30
6.6
24
<5
10
11.8
0.11
0.1
15.9
26.0
1,230
0.7
6.2
12
540
33
43
10601-PH
4.3
248
1.2
0.23
0.2
28
7.7
37
<5
16
9.0
0.16
0.1
12.6
9.0
591
1.2
6.4
15
910
89
32
52-PH
3.3
349
2.2
0.27
0.1
60
3.6
38
<5
12
13.0
0.10
0.1
36.7
21.0
295
1.2
12.4
11
650
58
84
70-PH
6.5
385
3.2
0.95
0.2
59
9.1
78
7
23
15.2
0.12
0.1
27.7
37.0
576
5.3
12.7
35
640
55
70
92-PH
4.5
322
3.2
0.38
0.2
61
4.3
28
7
8
14.7
0.09
0.1
165.0
33.0
359
1.0
12.7
9
510
43
80
64-PH
6.3
363
1.1
0.45
0.2
59
4.7
45
<5
17
10.4
0.24
0.1
31.9
14.0
333
2.7
10.0
17
760
105
29
86-PH
7.8
332
1.8
0.52
0.3
41
7.5
66
<5
15
11.8
0.10
0.0
20.0
36.0
575
1.7
10.7
25
880
36
49
24-PH
5.5
334
1.4
0.34
0.2
61
9.4
53
<5
22
13.9
0.17
0.1
33.9
28.0
614
1.1
11.7
23
1,350
75
57
87-PH
3.9
315
1.2
0.24
0.3
49
6.9
32
<5
20
11.2
0.11
0.0
23.3
45.0
391
1.0
6.8
16
570
36
71
8692-PH
5.3
353
2.5
0.40
0.5
49
8.6
45
11
20
13.9
0.24
0.1
29.9
39.0
803
1.8
8.6
19
1,050
78
86
39-PH
2.3
162
0.6
0.21
0.2
53
4.1
23
<5
10
5.2
0.18
0.0
23.5
8.0
1,060
0.8
4.0
9
550
57
20
27-PH
5.5
412
2.5
0.24
0.3
47
8.4
40
<5
56
12.9
0.06
0.1
22.9
30.0
718
2.0
7.4
15
990
95
70
35-PH
3.3
251
1.8
0.26
0.1
44
3.2
27
<5
18
9.0
0.13
0.0
20.6
18.0
609
0.9
5.7
10
970
62
47
66-PH
5.0
266
1.7
0.25
0.2
50
7.6
56
<5
16
10.3
0.12
0.0
31.6
19.0
751
1.0
7.9
24
1,250
35
35
10-PH
5.9
271
1.4
0.17
0.3
26
6.9
36
<5
20
8.8
0.02
0.0
12.2
26.0
532
0.5
4.5
14
790
23
53
18-PH
3.4
417
1.8
0.19
0.3
57
11.1
48
<5
30
10.9
0.42
0.0
30.5
14.0
599
0.6
7.8
22
1,160
134
53
57-PH
3.8
214
1.6
0.26
<0.1
31
1.7
16
<5
7
11.5
0.13
0.0
12.4
7.0
150
1.1
12.3
5
420
51
85
26-PH
6.2
377
2.9
0.40
0.2
53
6.1
39
<5
12
13.0
0.09
0.1
43.2
30.0
798
1.0
11.3
15
730
41
72
73-PH
8.3
437
2.5
0.56
7.4
49
9.3
41
<5
381
13.1
0.32
0.1
30.6
27.0
1,710
2.7
6.9
29
860
241
64
29-PH
3.5
495
1.7
0.17
0.3
72
12.4
51
<5
22
14.5
0.05
0.1
39.0
50.0
1,020
1.0
11.8
23
1,680
36
75
72-PH
6.9
649
2.8
0.29
0.9
81
12.7
42
6
22
15.0
0.16
0.1
42.1
44.0
2,630
1.0
9.1
24
1,070
53
80
17-PH
4.6
298
0.9
0.34
0.7
25
3.7
21
<5
19
9.9
0.23
0.1
19.2
10.0
427
1.5
7.2
10
940
102
32
68-PH
0.9
628
1.3
0.13
<0.1
23
2.2
12
<5
8
6.2
0.04
0.0
12.6
8.0
370
0.9
21.2
4
180
20
31
90-PH
5.1
250
1.0
0.17
0.2
24
3.8
37
<5
16
7.5
0.14
0.0
11.7
13.0
542
0.5
3.5
10
720
36
40
93-PH
4.7
297
2.1
0.97
0.3
86
4.6
45
5
22
12.4
0.15
0.1
47.1
32.0
753
0.9
9.5
11
820
131
72
30-PH
2.5
757
1.9
0.31
0.2
53
5.1
27
6
16
10.7
0.10
0.0
31.3
28.0
545
1.5
8.9
8
620
37
59
3433-PH
4.2
291
1.4
0.15
<0.1
28
2.0
12
<5
5
8.0
0.10
0.0
10.4
7.0
176
0.8
7.7
4
490
37
67
85-PH
4.2
445
1.9
0.18
0.2
62
8.8
41
<5
22
13.7
0.08
0.0
30.7
27.0
752
0.9
9.5
18
1,960
45
73
6505-PH
4.4
288
1.5
0.18
0.1
44
6.6
28
<5
21
11.1
0.05
0.0
20.1
21.0
481
0.5
5.4
12
680
31
53
46-PH
3.5
365
2.4
0.18
0.1
48
6.9
32
<5
9
11.5
0.06
0.1
22.7
10.0
708
0.6
9.2
12
1,440
35
65
48-PH
2.7
726
2.1
0.22
0.2
73
9.2
40
<5
17
16.2
0.11
0.1
42.2
29.0
1,350
0.8
13.7
19
1,550
45
94
61-PH
4.5
532
3.3
0.30
0.2
111
13.2
43
13
26
17.7
0.10
0.1
66.9
75.0
450
2.8
9.7
32
540
64
87
2409-PH
4.2
295
1.2
0.10
0.1
45
4.0
24
<5
15
8.0
0.12
0.0
22.3
14.0
457
0.5
4.5
8
1,210
19
43
22-PH
5.1
344
1.7
0.27
0.2
28
4.1
26
<5
15
12.2
0.14
0.1
12.5
15.0
501
2.5
8.0
8.8
370
72
33
56-PH
3.5
303
1.5
0.22
0.4
56
8.6
41
<5
55
10.6
0.12
0.0
28.3
27.0
1,130
0.8
6.5
18
1,110
56
49
98-PH
4.9
425
2.4
0.23
0.3
54
5.9
33
<5
15
12.1
0.05
0.0
31.1
29.0
801
0.9
7.5
12
1,540
34
63
34-PH
8.4
322
1.1
0.24
1.2
46
9.5
43
<5
100
7.4
0.20
0.0
21.9
14.0
654
1.9
3.5
24
760
204
34
77-PH
4.1
198
1.7
0.28
0.4
27
3.4
20
<5
15
6.8
0.25
0.0
29.3
8.0
302
1.9
4.3
11
1,270
82
30
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
33
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 7
(PAGE 3 OF 6)
Field
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
S
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
Geologic /e
Rock A ") Rock B ?)
Unit code2
09-PH
0.5
11.2
0.30
2.8
229
7.2
0.50
2.3
75
0.70
19.7
99
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Oh
99-PH
0.4
8.4
0.00
1.8
145
6.4
0.20
1.3
52
0.70
15.0
64
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Or
62-PH
1.2
7.3
1.10
4.7
114
9.3
0.30
2.2
89
1.60
14.2
59
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
42-PH
0.5
9.3
0.50
3.1
89
10.3
0.70
3.0
88
2.40
19.0
112
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Dst
97-PH
0.4
7.9
0.30
1.4
98
7.6
0.20
2.0
71
0.80
12.5
72
Avalon.Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Zw
244-PH
0.4
14.8
0.50
3.1
77
9.3
0.50
2.4
101
1.10
16.2
114
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
DSw
11-PH
0.6
9.4
0.60
2.5
92
7.8
0.40
1.8
99
1.00
25.4
109
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Omal
89-PH
0.6
8.8
0.50
2.9
128
6.7
0.50
1.7
79
0.70
17.0
102
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
OC-s
19-PH
1.0
5.3
1.00
4.0
84
4.6
0.30
1.3
57
1.00
9.0
95
Avalon.Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Zp
55-PH
0.9
6.8
0.80
4.5
117
8.3
0.70
2.3
73
1.10
12.7
91
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
~
78-PH
0.3
6.4
0.30
1.6
169
3.5
0.20
1.2
50
0.50
10.1
63
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
~~#
44-PH
0.6
8.9
0.50
2.7
147
7.2
0.40
1.8
83
0.90
19.5
129
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
~!-~
79-PH
0.5
9.2
0.70
2.7
102
11.2
0.60
2.7
86
1.30
36.2
121
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
DSw
32-PH
0.4
6.2
0.60
1.5
81
12.5
0.40
1.8
76
1.30
14.0
69
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jp
75-PH
1.0
6.0
0.90
4.0
107
9.3
0.30
2.3
88
1.10
13.0
75
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
#;~#@
13-PH
1.6
6.6
1.30
7.3
75
10.5
0.70
2.9
67
2.40
16.2
168
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Dst
81-PH
0.4
7.0
0.50
2.0
188
6.6
0.40
2.0
71
0.80
15.2
58
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Ob
12212-PH
0.4
4.7
0.50
1.9
98
4.6
0.30
0.8
44
0.50
8.6
27
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Zp
51-PH
0.3
4.2
0.30
2.2
99
6.9
0.30
1.2
40
0.90
10.1
56
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Zp
1524-PH
1.3
8.3
1.30
3.9
162
3.0
0.40
0.9
86
0.60
11.1
62
Grenville Belt
Granite
Grenville Granite
[~[
67-PH
0.3
5.8
0.20
1.6
69
7.7
0.40
1.7
52
0.60
10.7
52
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Trnh
21-PH
1.0
16.2
0.80
2.6
74
7.3
0.30
3.1
161
1.70
18.3
165
Mesozoic Basin
Rocks
Basalt
Jta
53-PH
0.3
5.6
0.40
1.7
73
12.5
0.30
1.9
60
1.00
9.5
80
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
:#~~&
41-PH
0.8
9.7
1.00
3.8
86
6.3
0.30
2.1
73
1.20
15.4
67
NH - ME Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Dc
38-PH
0.4
11.3
1.10
3.1
89
7.4
0.60
2.2
93
1.00
14.1
81
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Dst
50-PH
0.4
6.6
1.10
2.8
105
4.9
0.40
5.1
54
0.90
44.3
62
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Zsph
60-PH
0.5
9.5
0.60
2.3
77
4.3
0.20
1.5
58
1.00
18.6
57
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
~~#
10601-PH
0.9
11.6
1.00
2.8
144
3.3
0.20
0.9
104
0.60
12.6
43
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Zp
52-PH
0.7
6.3
0.70
2.9
109
13.6
0.60
2.4
61
0.90
18.4
44
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Zsph
#~&
~&
€~&
'~@
70-PH
0.8
9.5
0.80
3.6
129
7.5
0.40
2.2
83
1.90
16.8
75
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
92-PH
0.6
8.6
0.90
3.4
116
8.2
0.50
5.2
72
1.40
132.0
34
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Zsh
64-PH
1.9
5.9
1.10
6.3
140
5.3
0.40
1.4
70
1.10
12.7
65
Grenville Belt
Granite
Grenville Granite
[~[
86-PH
0.4
8.4
0.60
2.6
146
5.5
0.40
2.2
86
1.50
13.3
72
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh
24-PH
1.3
9.2
1.00
4.3
86
8.2
0.40
1.7
98
1.00
13.4
87
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Cm
87-PH
0.6
6.7
0.50
2.4
83
7.7
0.50
2.0
68
0.90
11.6
73
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
:#~~&
8692-PH
1.3
10.5
1.30
5.3
74
6.2
0.70
1.6
91
1.40
20.6
69
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
~!-~
39-PH
0.6
6.5
0.50
1.9
47
11.6
0.10
1.5
65
1.20
18.3
38
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
#~&
~&
€~&
'~@
27-PH
0.4
8.6
0.50
3.1
126
7.3
0.40
2.2
66
1.00
15.1
132
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
&~&@~~~&
35-PH
0.6
4.9
0.60
2.5
109
6.1
0.30
1.6
58
1.00
9.7
49
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
&~&@~~~&
66-PH
0.6
7.2
0.90
2.0
169
6.6
0.20
2.0
92
1.00
17.6
56
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
#~&
~&
€~&
'~@
10-PH
0.3
6.7
0.00
1.2
87
5.1
0.30
2.1
56
0.70
10.5
68
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
:#~~&
18-PH
0.4
10.6
0.30
8.7
289
7.3
0.30
1.8
83
0.80
20.9
150
Avalon Belt
Rocks
Rocks
Oq
57-PH
0.8
3.4
0.70
3.0
66
6.6
0.60
1.6
43
0.80
8.5
20
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Zsh
26-PH
0.4
7.4
0.60
2.7
132
11.6
0.30
3.0
67
2.10
37.1
60
NH - ME Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Dc
73-PH
1.7
7.2
1.90
11.9
119
6.3
0.90
1.9
117
2.20
19.9
478
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
&~&@~~~&
29-PH
0.3
9.9
0.30
2.5
122
8.5
0.50
2.6
83
0.80
17.7
98
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Owm
72-PH
0.8
11.7
1.00
3.2
84
9.6
0.60
2.2
89
1.20
31.3
160
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
:#~~&
17-PH
1.3
5.3
1.00
5.2
88
3.5
0.30
1.0
52
0.90
10.7
52
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
~!-~
68-PH
0.2
5.0
0.00
0.9
137
8.3
0.20
2.7
34
0.90
8.6
18
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Ogl
90-PH
0.4
4.3
0.30
1.5
76
3.7
0.20
1.0
43
0.70
6.6
62
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Trnh
93-PH
1.1
9.1
0.90
4.1
96
15.6
0.50
4.3
82
1.20
19.3
55
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Dst
30-PH
0.5
8.6
0.50
2.4
146
13.4
0.30
3.2
73
1.30
16.1
37
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Omo
3433-PH
0.5
3.6
1.10
2.5
80
3.9
0.20
1.1
29
0.40
10.4
19
Avalon Belt
Granite
Granite, other
Dsfg
85-PH
0.4
9.2
0.40
2.6
155
8.4
0.40
1.8
71
0.80
12.7
94
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
~!-~
6505-PH
0.3
8.8
0.30
1.7
80
6.4
0.30
1.8
51
0.70
12.5
47
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jp
46-PH
0.3
10.6
0.30
2.2
153
6.8
0.30
1.8
51
1.00
20.0
48
Avalon Belt
Rocks
Rocks
Oq
48-PH
0.5
8.6
0.50
2.9
123
10.3
0.60
2.0
69
1.40
19.9
104
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Cd
61-PH
0.9
10.4
0.90
3.7
135
8.0
0.70
3.3
87
1.70
32.8
91
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
~!-~
2409-PH
0.2
6.4
0.40
1.0
80
7.4
0.20
1.9
42
0.40
11.5
36
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jp
22-PH
1.2
7.0
0.90
3.8
129
3.9
0.30
1.2
57
0.70
9.6
34
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Ob
56-PH
0.6
7.6
0.50
2.4
88
7.6
0.30
2.0
72
1.00
18.1
91
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
:#~~&
98-PH
0.3
7.4
0.40
2.6
123
7.6
0.30
2.9
60
0.80
17.7
97
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Dng
34-PH
2.5
7.1
0.20
15.9
134
5.5
0.20
1.3
76
3.90
11.0
515
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jp
77-PH
1.2
4.0
1.20
3.7
75
2.9
0.30
0.9
36
1.30
20.5
47
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
#~&
~&
€~&
'~@
2
Rodgers, 1985
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
34
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 7
(PAGE 4 OF 6)
Field
e
e
36-PH
41.750930
-72.149580
76-PH
41.760450
-73.495190
82-PH
41.761570
-72.394730
14-PH
41.761720
-72.938040
40-PH
41.768830
-71.990940
Loca
ion
Dep
h
Na (%)
S (%)
Ti (%)
0-5 cm
2.8
0.51
1.8
0.6
0.22
0.41
0.11
0.18
10/20/2007 Macedonia Brook SP, Kent
0-5 cm
6.4
1.55
3.6
1.2
0.82
1.68
0.05
0.46
8/29/2007 Times Farm Rd, Andover
0-5 cm
5.3
0.88
2.7
1.1
0.44
1.27
0.03
0.34
0-5 cm
5.3
0.82
2.6
1.4
0.37
1.19
0.04
0.32
0-5 cm
5.6
0.89
1.8
1.8
0.26
1.19
0.03
0.27
9/14/2007 Boulevar Rd, Windham
9/5/2007 Nassahegon SF, Burlington
10/12/2007 Windham Rd, Brooklyn
Al (%) Ca (%)
Fe (%)
K (%) Mg (%)
83-PH
41.777790
-71.807620
10/6/2007 Viall Rd, Killingly
0-5 cm
4.0
0.66
1.4
1.4
0.19
0.78
0.08
0.23
63-PH
41.779460
-72.765230
9/10/2007 S. Branch Park R. Flood Cntr. Site 2, W. $
d
0-5 cm
6.0
0.61
3.0
1.6
0.61
1.25
0.06
0.31
23-PH
41.800550
-72.875110
0.16
58-PH
41.800750
-73.492840
69-PH
41.822700
-71.959510
88-PH
41.822780
-73.304930
45-PH
41.827640
-72.517850
12-PH
41.843640
-73.153310
31-PH
41.856350
-71.932990
8/13/2007 Stagecoach Rd, Avon
10/22/2007 Caray Hill, Sharon
10/5/2007 Pomfret Rd, Brooklyn
10/20/2007 Mohaw SF, Cornwall
8/21/2007 Avery St/ Kelly Rd, South Windsor
10/19/2007 >
& Pond SP, Torrington
9/14/2007 Natchaug SF, Pomfret
0-5 cm
3.7
0.50
1.6
1.0
0.25
1.25
0.02
0-5 cm
6.7
2.29
3.8
1.2
1.40
1.69
0.04
0.39
0-5 cm
5.2
0.91
2.6
1.1
0.72
0.83
0.10
0.33
0-5 cm
5.0
1.67
3.5
1.1
0.72
1.26
0.04
0.54
0-5 cm
5.3
0.60
2.5
1.2
0.44
1.53
0.04
0.27
0-5 cm
6.3
1.41
3.0
1.6
0.68
1.57
0.05
0.30
0-5 cm
4.5
0.69
1.9
1.4
0.32
0.85
0.08
0.30
28-PH
41.859870
-73.373110
11/12/2007 Housatonic SF, Cornwall
0-5 cm
5.3
1.28
3.6
1.3
0.54
1.14
0.10
0.39
94-PH
41.867370
-73.488510
10/22/2007 Sharon Country Club, Sharon
0-5 cm
5.2
0.44
3.4
2.2
0.80
0.44
0.06
0.21
74-PH
41.869480
-72.292850
8/27/2007 Fisher Rd, Willington
0-5 cm
4.3
1.12
2.3
1.0
0.41
1.06
0.05
0.23
65-PH
41.884800
-72.439950
8/29/2007 Mountain St, Ellington
0-5 cm
5.9
1.03
2.3
1.3
0.48
1.57
0.03
0.27
96-PH
41.885170
-71.983330
9/7/2007 Hamlet Hill Rd, Pomfret
0-5 cm
5.8
1.30
2.2
1.7
0.71
1.09
0.04
0.30
33-PH
41.891680
-73.097360
11/12/2007 Burr Pond SP, Winchester
0-5 cm
5.2
1.50
2.8
1.6
0.59
1.32
0.04
0.44
20-PH
41.907690
-72.590890
8/14/2007 Flaherty Wildlife Area, East Windsor
0-5 cm
8.3
0.43
3.8
2.4
0.99
0.87
0.12
0.36
25-PH
41.913910
-72.309780
10/5/2007 Kollar Wildlife Area, Tolland
0-5 cm
5.4
1.40
2.1
0.9
0.39
1.24
0.06
0.22
59-PH
41.915690
-72.598180
8/20/2007 !
=
Rd, East Windsor
0-5 cm
6.8
0.67
3.5
2.0
0.88
1.35
0.04
0.35
47-PH
41.922940
-72.200250
9/28/2007 Armitage Rd, Ashford
0-5 cm
4.9
0.66
3.9
1.5
0.65
0.68
0.03
0.38
95-PH
41.926640
-72.546420
9/28/2007 R. SP, East Windsor
0-5 cm
5.7
1.05
2.3
1.5
0.63
1.71
0.03
0.28
71-PH
41.930600
-72.959910
43-PH
41.945490
-73.363130
8/20/2007 MDC Prop., Barkhamsted Res., Barkhamsted
10/22/2007 Park Service, Canaan
0-5 cm
5.3
0.95
2.6
1.4
0.45
1.19
0.04
0.30
0-5 cm
5.7
0.81
3.7
2.2
1.17
0.51
0.05
0.28
54-PH
41.948180
-73.197270
11/16/2007 Denis Hill SP, Norfolk
0-5 cm
4.6
1.31
3.1
0.9
0.62
0.99
0.09
0.55
37-PH
41.961880
-72.749840
11/16/2007 Newgate Wildlife Area, E. Granby
0-5 cm
5.5
0.55
2.5
1.3
0.44
1.10
0.03
0.32
0.15
9577-PH
41.963840
-73.013400
7/16/2007 Algonquin SF, Hartland
0-5 cm
2.9
0.71
1.1
1.1
0.25
0.81
0.07
15-PH
41.971080
-72.239280
11/9/2007 Nipmuck SF, Stafford
0-5 cm
5.2
0.76
3.3
1.5
0.57
0.87
0.04
0.39
91-PH
41.971500
-72.451420
0-5 cm
5.3
0.56
1.9
1.3
0.32
1.57
0.03
0.18
49-PH
41.979000
-72.979230
16-PH
41.985250
-71.923920
84-PH
41.986140
-72.082600
84B-PH1
41.992100
-72.083110
80-PH
42.030650
-73.435420
42.030310
-73.434565
80B-PH
1
9/7/2007 Field St, Somers
8/20/2007 MDC Prop., Center Hill, Hartland
0-5 cm
3.9
0.35
1.5
1.1
0.16
0.60
0.09
0.28
0-5 cm
5.2
0.76
2.3
1.7
0.35
0.95
0.05
0.33
8/27/2007 Town Prop., Rt 198, Woodstock
0-5 cm
5.3
0.85
4.0
1.4
0.64
0.72
0.05
0.41
9/14/2007 Nipmuck SF, Woodstock
0-5 cm
3.9
0.55
2.7
1.1
0.39
0.53
0.10
0.30
11/12/2007 Mt. Riga State Park, Salisbury
0-5 cm
7.4
0.58
4.2
1.9
0.90
0.66
0.04
0.46
11/12/2007 Mt. Riga State Park, Salisbury
0-5 cm
7.1
0.17
4.4
1.7
0.72
0.61
0.03
0.44
9/7/2007 Fabyan Rd, Thompson
1
Collected nearby and considered the same as the preceding site
%, weight percent
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
35
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Brown & Thomas
APPENDIX 7
(PAGE 5 OF 6)
Field
As
Ba
Be
Bi
Cd
Ce
Co
C
Cs
Cu
Ga
Hg
In
La
Li
Mn
Mo
Nb
Ni
P
Pb
Rb
36-PH
6.7
256
1.0
0.09
0.1
50
3.4
20
<5
19
6.3
0.18
0.0
28.2
10.0
246
1.7
3.8
10
480
51
22
76-PH
3.3
368
1.9
0.16
0.3
116
21.4
45
<5
79
16.6
0.11
0.1
60.4
20.0
1,220
1.4
10.8
26
1,000
40
81
82-PH
23.3
386
1.4
0.34
0.1
56
7.2
38
<5
87
11.0
0.06
0.0
29.5
21.0
588
0.8
8.0
14
840
97
52
14-PH
4.6
361
1.7
0.33
0.2
63
5.0
37
<5
15
12.1
0.09
0.1
33.0
21.0
640
0.9
8.0
12
820
71
61
40-PH
5.1
382
2.0
0.33
0.1
39
2.8
31
<5
7
12.3
0.07
0.1
19.0
15.0
270
1.1
10.2
11
640
60
72
83-PH
2.7
303
1.3
0.29
0.2
31
2.3
21
<5
10
9.0
0.09
0.0
18.3
14.0
337
1.2
9.4
6
1,200
46
58
63-PH
5.8
414
1.9
0.28
0.3
67
8.4
47
<5
24
13.1
0.14
0.1
34.7
42.0
624
1.1
8.5
21
930
76
71
23-PH
1.8
234
1.0
0.09
<0.1
54
3.2
20
<5
15
6.8
0.03
0.0
25.9
13.0
474
0.5
3.6
6.2
360
17
39
58-PH
3.4
368
1.6
0.12
0.2
69
13.7
63
<5
11
14.4
0.05
0.1
41.6
21.0
1,160
0.8
9.8
21
1,530
20
41
69-PH
6.6
292
1.7
0.33
0.2
57
8.7
68
<5
21
12.6
0.16
0.1
36.3
28.0
601
1.6
9.2
32
1,480
64
60
88-PH
5.1
338
1.3
0.34
0.2
45
7.9
43
<5
25
14.4
0.14
0.1
23.3
18.0
582
1.0
11.1
13
1,000
67
33
45-PH
4.5
365
1.5
0.19
<0.1
60
5.8
36
<5
19
11.3
0.08
0.0
30.5
20.0
616
0.7
7.1
14
1,130
37
50
12-PH
3.1
476
1.9
0.09
0.5
55
9.9
32
<5
18
14.7
0.08
0.1
25.4
29.0
879
0.6
8.0
14
1,070
47
65
31-PH
5.8
349
1.4
0.26
0.1
55
3.0
37
<5
16
11.0
0.13
0.0
28.6
16.0
303
0.9
9.3
10
1,190
60
60
28-PH
7.6
527
1.6
0.29
0.3
59
13.4
44
<5
27
14.3
0.11
0.1
34.8
21.0
539
2.7
10.7
19
770
80
56
94-PH
7.3
500
1.9
0.21
0.6
54
14.3
39
<5
23
12.8
0.10
0.1
28.6
31.0
1,700
1.6
5.6
33
830
39
84
74-PH
3.8
341
0.9
0.28
0.1
40
3.9
31
<5
6
9.4
0.11
0.0
19.9
7.0
527
1.3
5.7
8
460
56
40
65-PH
2.5
483
1.6
0.19
0.1
48
5.4
30
<5
10
10.7
0.04
0.0
23.1
20.0
421
0.6
6.0
10
750
28
49
96-PH
6.1
431
2.3
0.26
0.1
66
6.1
56
<5
18
12.2
0.04
0.0
37.5
35.0
512
0.7
10.0
23
1,320
29
74
33-PH
3.3
451
1.3
0.16
0.2
56
5.0
34
<5
8
13.4
0.10
0.1
26.8
11.0
351
0.8
10.4
8.8
1,220
37
42
20-PH
3.7
670
2.8
0.31
0.4
75
16.3
75
6
33
21.1
0.10
0.1
38.2
55.0
838
1.5
11.2
34
1,390
60
117
25-PH
2.9
340
1.3
0.28
0.1
46
5.3
31
<5
11
10.8
0.12
0.0
46.3
11.0
378
0.9
5.1
9.4
640
30
35
59-PH
3.9
543
2.2
0.24
0.1
75
13.5
54
<5
24
16.1
0.03
0.1
39.2
42.0
899
0.9
10.0
28
690
28
90
47-PH
2.4
562
0.6
0.14
<0.1
52
6.1
35
<5
10
9.6
0.07
0.1
26.9
10.0
922
1.1
8.0
12
390
43
59
95-PH
2.9
496
1.6
0.17
0.1
63
7.9
44
<5
19
11.8
0.05
0.0
34.2
25.0
696
0.6
6.8
16
780
28
58
71-PH
3.5
402
1.7
0.24
0.2
57
6.2
37
<5
11
11.8
0.14
0.1
27.4
20.0
750
0.8
8.0
15
1,110
52
52
43-PH
6.6
476
1.6
0.23
0.3
67
11.8
46
<5
24
13.6
0.09
0.1
35.1
41.0
1,210
1.0
6.8
26
1,250
44
77
54-PH
5.7
376
1.2
0.28
0.3
53
7.8
36
<5
12
14.8
0.25
0.1
24.0
16.0
643
1.5
10.8
12
1,460
68
39
37-PH
6.6
392
1.6
0.31
0.1
58
6.0
42
<5
24
12.5
0.09
0.1
32.3
27.0
406
1.0
8.1
15
980
66
56
9577-PH
2.5
321
1.0
0.11
0.4
29
3.4
15
<5
10
6.8
0.12
0.0
13.6
5.0
194
0.5
4.6
6
490
38
30
15-PH
2.7
534
1.6
0.17
<0.1
54
8.0
42
<5
18
10.9
0.09
0.1
31.8
12.0
975
1.4
8.3
15
550
49
61
91-PH
2.4
470
1.1
0.20
0.1
54
3.8
32
<5
14
9.8
0.06
0.0
26.9
14.0
323
0.7
4.2
13
560
42
43
49-PH
7.5
293
1.0
0.48
0.3
41
2.1
26
<5
18
11.3
0.21
0.1
20.9
13.0
285
1.2
8.0
8
690
71
43
16-PH
4.8
459
1.5
0.22
0.2
76
3.7
35
<5
12
11.1
0.09
0.0
42.4
20.0
617
1.0
11.0
10
1,020
68
80
84-PH
5.3
425
1.6
0.28
0.2
73
7.4
55
<5
21
12.1
0.11
0.1
39.3
23.0
1,070
1.9
9.7
23
830
75
74
84B-PH1
4.4
353
1.1
0.24
0.4
64
5.6
36
<5
13
9.8
0.16
0.1
33.7
16.0
524
1.2
8.0
14
880
68
53
80-PH
5.1
529
2.1
0.22
0.2
85
13.3
64
<5
29
17.1
0.05
0.1
76.0
75.0
1,250
0.9
11.4
31
700
37
85
80B-PH1
6.5
482
2.5
0.27
0.1
67
13.9
49
<5
19
19.8
0.08
0.1
39.1
55.0
1,200
1.1
13.5
23
890
54
98
1
Collected nearby and considered the same as the preceding site
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
36
Volume 32 (2014)
Northeastern Geoscience
Geochemistry of Connecticut Soils
APPENDIX 7
(PAGE 6 OF 6)
Field
Sb
Sc
Se
Sn
S
Th
Tl
U
V
W
Y
Zn
Geologic /e
Rock A ") Rock B ?)
Unit code2
36-PH
0.7
4.6
1.10
2.5
97
9.3
0.10
1.5
42
0.50
12.0
32
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
76-PH
0.6
9.5
0.70
2.5
196
11.9
0.50
2.2
93
0.60
30.3
93
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Ygs
82-PH
0.4
8.0
0.40
3.0
100
9.7
0.30
2.4
68
1.30
15.4
60
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
14-PH
0.7
7.7
0.60
3.0
107
9.7
0.30
2.0
73
1.20
13.1
45
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Otw
40-PH
0.7
5.8
0.50
3.0
115
6.4
0.40
1.6
51
1.10
11.1
40
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undivi
Metam. Rocks, other
Ota+SOh
83-PH
0.5
4.0
0.70
2.8
81
6.2
0.30
1.7
40
0.90
12.8
45
Avalon Belt
Granite
Avalon Granite
Zsh
63-PH
0.7
8.2
0.50
2.7
91
10.0
0.40
2.4
88
1.30
17.4
110
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jeb
23-PH
0.2
4.9
0.00
1.0
82
12.1
0.20
2.3
44
0.50
15.4
32
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Trnh
58-PH
0.3
11.0
0.30
1.8
253
5.9
0.40
1.2
89
0.70
21.1
108
69-PH
0.8
7.8
0.90
3.6
105
7.5
0.40
1.8
68
1.10
24.1
60
88-PH
0.8
9.9
1.00
4.0
157
4.6
0.40
1.2
105
0.70
15.1
50
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Rocks
Rocks
Ocg
45-PH
0.5
8.0
0.20
1.6
87
9.0
0.30
2.3
63
1.00
15.7
57
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jp
12-PH
0.2
9.8
0.50
2.1
179
5.8
0.40
2.2
68
0.50
15.3
128
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Cm
31-PH
0.8
6.0
0.90
2.9
111
9.2
0.50
2.2
56
1.10
12.4
34
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Ota+SOh
28-PH
1.1
8.8
0.90
4.0
158
5.1
0.50
3.2
85
0.80
18.9
81
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Ygn
94-PH
0.6
7.8
0.50
2.2
51
7.0
0.60
1.5
67
0.70
14.6
129
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Csc
Grenville Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Ygn
Avalon Belt
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Metam. Rocks, other
Ota+SOh
74-PH
0.9
8.7
0.60
3.0
109
4.9
0.30
1.3
68
0.60
16.1
36
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Obr
65-PH
0.2
7.5
0.20
1.8
124
6.9
0.30
1.7
70
0.80
12.1
49
Bronson Hill Seq.
Granite
Granite, other
Ogl
96-PH
0.2
7.5
0.20
2.6
140
12.0
0.40
2.8
52
1.20
22.0
50
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
33-PH
0.5
7.5
0.70
2.6
168
5.4
0.30
1.4
73
0.60
15.1
51
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ch
20-PH
0.6
14.1
0.60
3.3
98
12.0
0.70
2.8
127
2.50
16.4
149
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
25-PH
0.5
8.7
1.10
2.0
93
6.0
0.20
1.7
66
0.70
23.8
34
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Obr
59-PH
0.3
11.9
0.20
2.1
111
12.2
0.60
2.7
98
1.90
20.7
90
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
47-PH
0.5
12.4
0.40
1.7
125
9.9
0.40
1.2
71
0.50
28.4
52
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Obr
95-PH
0.3
9.2
0.20
1.9
168
9.5
0.40
2.6
67
0.90
16.2
69
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jp
71-PH
0.6
6.8
0.50
2.3
129
7.4
0.20
1.6
61
0.80
14.1
63
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Or+OC-r+Ora
43-PH
0.4
8.4
0.40
2.6
75
8.3
0.60
1.7
71
0.80
17.9
141
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Carbonate Rocks
Carbonate Rocks
Csb
54-PH
1.0
9.3
1.20
3.4
223
6.4
0.40
1.4
87
0.80
12.1
62
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Cmcu
37-PH
0.9
8.0
0.70
3.3
99
9.1
0.40
2.4
81
1.10
15.4
70
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Trnh+Jsm+Jta
9577-PH
0.4
4.4
0.50
1.7
101
3.5
0.20
0.8
27
0.30
8.3
31
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ch
15-PH
0.4
9.1
0.50
1.5
145
7.9
0.40
1.3
80
0.60
27.0
69
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Schists
Obr
91-PH
0.4
4.8
0.40
1.6
138
7.5
0.30
1.5
54
0.60
8.7
57
Mesozoic Basin
Basin Sedimentary
Mesozoic Basin Sed.
Jp
49-PH
1.8
4.6
1.20
5.4
63
4.8
0.30
1.4
61
1.10
8.5
44
Eugeosyncline Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ch
16-PH
0.4
7.0
0.60
2.5
134
13.3
0.50
2.9
51
1.00
17.0
54
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Dss
84-PH
0.8
8.8
0.70
2.5
118
13.3
0.60
2.2
99
1.00
17.3
108
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
84B-PH1
0.8
7.6
0.80
2.9
130
11.9
0.30
1.8
63
0.90
16.4
89
NH - ME Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Calcgranofels
SOh+Ota+Otaf+Otay+SObu
80-PH
0.3
10.1
0.60
2.4
103
9.3
0.30
5.3
88
1.10
31.8
118
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ow
0.6
12.1
0.70
3.8
80
7.4
0.60
1.7
80
1.00
22.1
97
Grenville Shelf Seq.
Metam. Rocks Undiv.
Rocks
Ow
80B-PH
1
1
Collected nearby and considered the same as the preceding site
2
Rodgers, 1985
Analytes measured by a U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratory; &
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted
!&
of Ag were below its ; level of 1 and &
of Te were at or below its ; level of 0.1 and are not included in table
X
& and longitude are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)
www.northeasterngeoscience.org
37
Volume 32 (2014)