Name_____________________________________ Review for Oceanography Final Part 1 – Earth Science 1. Structure of the Earth 1.1.
Origin of the Earth 1.
How old is the universe thought to be? 2.
How old is the Earth thought to be? 1.2.
Layers of the Earth 3.
Draw and label the layers of the Earth. Keep the scale of the layers. 4.
What states of matter (solid/liquid/gas) are each of the layers of the Earth? 5.
What three physical properties increase as you go deeper in the Earth? 6.
What two things do scientists study in order to determine the interior structure of Earth? 7.
What is oceanic crust made of? 8.
What is continental crust made of? 9.
Which is more dense – continental crust or oceanic crust? Which is thicker? 10. What is the Earth’s core made of? 11. Why is the Earth’s inner core solid rather than liquid? 2. Our Dynamic Earth 2.1. Plate Tectonics 12. Who is credited with coming up with the original idea of continental drift? 13. What pieces of evidence support the theory of continental drift? How does each support the theory? 14. Who revised the theory of continental drift by explaining plate tectonics? 15. What is the difference between the theory of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics? 16. What is Pangaea? 17. What has happened to the continents in the last 200 million years? 18. Name the seven major tectonic plates. (There are many more though.) 19. Name the major plate boundary types. a) What is happening at each boundary? b) What types of plates are involved in each boundary? c) What geographic features are typical for each type of boundary? d) Name a specific example of each boundary. 20. What mechanism inside the earth aids in moving plates? In what layer? 21. What is the most important source of energy for plate tectonics? 22. What is seafloor spreading? 23. What is subduction and what kinds of features appear at subduction zones? Why? 24. Is the Atlantic Ocean getting bigger? If so, why is the Earth as a whole not getting bigger? 25. Which continents are moving closer to each other? Which are moving farther away? 26. Remember how to identify locations using latitude and longitude. 2.2. Earthquakes 27. Do waves carry matter or energy? 1 8.
28
Identify tthe parts of aa wave on the
e diagram: 1 2
4 5 6 3
29
9.
30
0.
31.
32
2.
33
3.
34
4.
35
5.
36
6.
37
7.
What are
e earthquakes? What cau
uses earthquaakes? Where are earthquakes most common? Why?
What cau
uses the most death and in
njury in an eaarthquake? Do earthquake wavess carry energyy or matter?
What is tthe difference
e between the focus and tthe epicenterr? What insstrument is ussed to measu
ure, detect, annd record earrthquakes? Know ho
ow to read a sseismogram!
What are
e the differen
nt types of seiismic waves? Which type is the fastestt? Which typee is the slowest? Which w
waves are lon
ngitudinal? W
Which waves aare transversee? Which layyers of Earth do each type travel througgh? Which onne only traveels through so
olid, not liquid
d? 38
8. How can you use distaance = speed x time (d = vvt) to determine lag time? 39
9. What is lag time? How
w can you use lag time to determine th
he distance frrom one city tto the epicenter of an earthq
quake? 40
0. Why do yyou need seissmograms fro
om three citiees to find the epicenter? 41. Know ho
ow to use triangulation to d
determine th e epicenter o
of an earthquake on a map
p. 42
2. Do earthquakes only o
occur at plate
e boundaries?? 2.3. Volcanoes V
43
3. What is tthe Pacific Rin
ng of Fire? W
Why is it calledd that? 44
4. Name the different tyypes of volcan
noes. For eacch type, know
w: a) The type of lava b) The type of eruptio
on (explosive//flowy) c) How itt’s formed d) An exaample 45
5. What is tthe difference
e between magma and lavva? 46
6. What is tthe difference
e between acctive, dormannt, and extinctt volcanoes? 2 7.
47
Identify tthe parts of aa volcano on aa diagram. 2.4. Ocean Floor O
48
8. Can you see the ocean
n floor? Whaat three factoors prevent uss from going d
down to see tthe bottom o
of the ocean?? 49
9. What tecchnology have scientists developed in tthe last 100 yyears that aid us in “seeingg” the seafloor?? 50
0. What feaatures are at tthe bottom o
of the ocean ffloor? Be ablee to define eaach and identtify each on aa diagram. 51. What is tthe deepest p
place on Earth
h? 2. How havve scientists used seafloor features to suupport the th
heory of platee tectonics?
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