UNITED
NATIONS
BC
UNEP/CHW/POP-SIWG.2/9
Distr.: General
09 February 2017
English only
POPs SIWG meeting
Bonn, Germany, 20-22 February 2017
Item 6 (b) of the provisional agenda
Thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties:
Basel assessment of new Stockholm POPs chemicals
Basel assessment of new Stockholm POPs chemicals
Note by the Secretariat
The annex to the present note sets out the draft assessment of candidate POPs under the
Stockholm Convention. The present note, including its annex, has not been formally edited.

UNEP/CHW/POPs-SIWG.2/1.
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UNEP/CHW/POP-SIWG.2/9
Annex
Basel Convention
Draft assessment of candidate POPs under the Stockholm Convention
Issue: Draft assessment of candidate POPs considered for listing in the Stockholm Convention at the eighth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to determine how they can be
addressed by Basel Convention POPs technical guidelines.
Chemicals addressed are:
1.
Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) in Annex C
2.
Decabromodiohenyl ether
3.
Short-chained chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs)
Substances
Description
Waste stream
Hexachlorobutadiene
(HCBD)
Chemical identity and properties [1]:
 At room temperature: non-flammable,
incombustible, clear, oily and colourless liquid;
 turpentine-like odor;
 Water solubility: 3.2 mg/L at 25 °C
poorly soluble in water
 Chemical formula C4Cl6, Smiles notation:
Cl2C=CClClC=CCl2
 Molecular mass: 260.8 g/mol
 Melting point: -18 °C
 Boiling point: 212 °C at 101.3 kPa
3
 Density: 1.68 g/cm at 20 °C
 Vapour pressure: 20 Pa (0.15 mm Hg) at 20 °C
 Log octanol/water partition coefficient (log
Kow): 4.78 or 4.90
 Air emissions
 Solid residues
CAS Number: 87-68-3
1
How does Basel capture the
chemical1
 Y6 : Wastes from the
production, formulation
and use of organic
solvents
 UN class 9, H11 Toxic
(Delayed or chronic):
Substances or wastes
which, if they are inhaled
or ingested or if they
penetrate the skin, may
involve delayed or chronic
effects, including
carcinogenicity
 UN class 9, H12 Ecotoxic:
Substances or wastes
Action for POW
 Include into PoW for
the updating of the
TG for the SIWG
2017-2019
 Waste contaminated
with
hexachlorobutadiene
is captured by Basel
Convention annexes.
Recommended actions
 To be added to the
unintentional POPs
technical guidelines.
The following listing of entries from the Basel Conventio and categories of waste to be controlled (Y codes) is not comprehensive, nor definitive. It is based on a preliminary
scientific assessment and may be subject to change such that new entries and categories of waste may be added or removed when developing or updating the technical guidelines.
2
Substances
Description
Short-chained
chlorinated paraffins
 When HCBD is released into the environment,
it tends to persist in the air, soil or water to
which it was released and can accumulate in
organisms.
Transport between media: Expected to occur by
volatilization and adsorption to suspended
particulate matter.
Use and production:
 None here since is intentional production
already covered
Unintentional generation in processes related to the
following activities:
 production of certain chlorinated
hydrocarbons;
 production of magnesium;
 incineration processes; and
 production of polyvinyl chloride, ethylene
dichloride and vinyl chloride monomer
 IARC evaluation [2]: There is limited evidence in
experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of
hexachlorobutadiene.
Hexachlorobutadiene is not classifiable as to its
carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
Chemical identity and properties:
 Chlorinated alkanes, chain-length: C10-C13,
CAS Number
(principal): 85535-84-8
Identity:
chlorination: >48% (w/w);
 At temperature: non-flammable,
incombustible, clear, oily/viscous and
colourless liquid (yellowish)
 Water solubility:
poorly soluble in water
 Chemical formula (general): CxH(2x-y+2)Cly
Waste stream
How does Basel capture the
chemical1
which if released present
or may present immediate
or delayed adverse
impacts to the
environment by means of
bioaccumulation and/or
toxic effects upon biotic
systems.
Action for POW
Leachates/wastewater from:
 non-point sources [4];
 Leachates from plastics, paints
or coatings
 Leather waste [5]
SCCPs can be found as a
contaminant in medium-chain
CCPs (MCCPs; C14-C17)
 Y10: Waste substances
and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs
and/or PCTs or PBBs
 Y12: Wastes from
production, formulation
and use of inks, dyes,
pigments, paints.
Lacquers, varnish
 Y17: Wastes resulting
 Include into PoW for
the updating of the
TG for the SIWG
2017-2019
Recommended actions
Develop a selfstanding
TG (PCB TG as a model)
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UNEP/CHW/POP-SIWG.2/9
Substances
Chlorinated paraffins
have the general
molecular formula
CxH(2x-y+2)Cly whereby
for the short-chain
paraffins (SCCPs) x=1013 and y=1-13
Description
Waste stream
How does Basel capture the
chemical1
from surface treatment of
metal and plastics
 Y18: Wastes arising from
industrial waste disposal
operations
 Y45: Organohalogen
compounds other than
substances referred to in
Y39, Y41, Y42, Y43, Y44)
 Y46: Wastes collected
from households
 H11 Toxic (Delayed or
chronic): Substances or
wastes which, if they are
inhaled or ingested or if
they penetrate the skin,
may involve delayed or
chronic effects, including
carcinogenicity
 H12 Ecotoxic: Substances
or wastes which if
released present or may
present immediate or
delayed adverse impacts
to the environment by
means of bioaccumulation
and/or toxic effects upon
biotic systems.
Action for POW
Solid waste from producers and
users of BDE-209; more
specifically:
 Plastics in electric and
electronic equipment
 Y13?: wastes from
production, formulation
and use of resins, latex,
plasticizers,
glues/adhesives
 Include into PoW for
the updating of the
TG for the SIWG
2017-2019
where x=10-13, y=1-13
 Molecular mass: 320 g/mol–500 g/mol
 Log octanol/water partition coefficient (log
Kow): 4.39 to 8.69
 preferentially partition/concentrate to high
organic carbon-containing sewage sludge
POPs characteristics of chlorinated paraffins:
 Chlorinated naphthalenes were identified
as meeting the ecological categorization
criteria for persistence, bioaccumulation
potential and inherent toxicity to nonhuman organisms
Use and production:
 Substitute to certain PCB applications
 Metalworking;
 Plasticiser in plastics, esp. polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) [3]
 Rubber conveyor belts
 Dam sealants
Decabromodiphenyl
ether
Chemical identity and properties [6], [7]:
 Solid @20 °C and 1013 hPa;
 Odorless
 Melting point: 304 °C
 Vapour pressure: 0 Pa @21 °C
4
Recommended actions
Substances
Description
CAS Number: 1163-19-5
IUPAC name: 2,3,4,5,6pentabromo-1-(2,3,4,5,6pentabromophenoxy)
benzene
BDE-209
 Low pOW: 6.625
 Water solubility: 100 ng/L @25 °C
 Soluble in organic solvents: no quantitative
information found
Waste stream


POPs characteristics of decabromodiphenyl ether:
 When released to the environment, decaBDE is found in soil (50%) or sediment
(49.3%; 0.6% in water [7]
 LC50 (rat): 2,000 mg/kg b.w. (practically
not acutely toxic) [7]
 Half-life in environment from hours to years
Production and use:
 c-DecaBDE consists of PBDE-209 at >97%
[8]; the remainder are nonabrominated
congeners[6]
 Another reference refer to Chinese
products with higher content of octa- and
nonabrominated congeners: 8.2% to 10.4%
[9]
 Trade names include: bromkal82-0de, FR1210, Great Lakes DE-83R, SAYTEX 102E
Flame Retardant
 Used a flame retardant in plastics for
electric and electronic equipment,
construction and building sector; in textile
applications such as furniture


(computers, TV sets, etc);
Shredder light fraction (SLF)
from automobiles [10];
Pipings in pyrotechnical
devices;
Fuel system applications
(hoses, tanks)
Textiles/furniture from
household/ public buildings
How does Basel capture the
chemical1
 Y18?: wastes arising
from industrial waste
operations
 Y45: Organohalogen
compounds other than
substances referred to
in Y39, Y41, Y42, Y43,
Y44)
 Y46 : Wastes collected
from households
 H13: Capable by any
means, after disposal of
yielding another
material, which
possesses any of the
characteristics listed
above
Action for POW
Incorporate into existing
POP-BDE guidelines;
Reconsider low POP
content;
Include into pretreatment “mechanical
separation”
 May need
specification with
view to membrane
filtration;
 Here: flotation is
needed
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UNEP/CHW/POP-SIWG.2/9
Abbreviations:

ASR
Automotive shredder residue (used in Norway/Bipro report but not explained [11]
Comments related to:
A. Hexachlorobutadiene:
a. Incorporate into unintentional POPs TG; thus, action for “contaminated with…” and not “consisting of, containing”
B. SCCPs:
a. Information: wastewater in China [4]: 90% of ∑SCCPs were in the range of 0.80–20.0 μg/g; only 5% were above 22 ug/g dw; corresponding to 20 mg/kg d.w.
(possible half of a low POP content
C. DecaBDE:
a. For waste issues: concentrations in the waste stream matter
b. Especially or screening, decaBDE is captured by XFS
c. I have eliminated (from the TG on c-penta and c-octaBDE TG):
i.
Y40 ethers (although chemically an ether, does not exhibit properties of ethers)
ii.
H11 Toxic (Delayed or chronic): Substances or wastes which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may involve delayed or chronic
effects, including carcinogenicity – does not enter easily (and completely into organisms)/tissue)
iii.
H12 Ecotoxic: Substances or wastes which if released present or may present immediate or delayed adverse impacts to the environment by means of
bioaccumulation and/or toxic effects upon biotic systems – low body burdens, low toxicity)
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
6
IPCS, Hexachlorobutadiene, in Environmental Health Criteria. 1994.
IARC, Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances, in IARC Monographs. 1999. p. 1.
Commission, E., OPINION OF THE CSTEE ON “Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs)”. 2002.
Zeng, L., et al., Levels and distribution patterns of short chain chlorinated paraffins in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China.
Environmental Pollution, 2012. 160: p. 88-94.
ChemVerbotsV, SCCPs. Germany.
IPCS, Brominatedd diphenyl ethers, in Environmental Health Criteria. 1994.
ECHA, Bis(pentabromophenyl) ether. Profile in ECHA database, 2017 acessed.
La Guardia, M.J., R.C. Hale, and E. Harvey, Detailed polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congener composition of the widely used penta-, octa-, and
deca-PBDE technical flame-retardant mixtures. Environmental science & technology, 2006. 40(20): p. 6247-6254.
Chen, S.-J., et al., Brominated flame retardants in children’s toys: concentration, composition, and children’s exposure and risk assessment. Environmental
science & technology, 2009. 43(11): p. 4200-4206.
Norwegian Environment Agency, Delivery part one: Collect and summarise infomration on the management of plastic waste with c-decaBDE from e-waste
and ELVs in Norway, including relevant regulations and policies. Literature study - Deca-BDE in waste streams. Final report. 2016. p. 12.
Norwegian Environment Agency, Literature study - Deca-BDE in waste streams. Final report. 2015. p. 160.