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978-1-107-67960-3 - Cambridge International AS Level: History of the USA 1840–1941
Pete Browning and Patrick Walsh-Atkins
Index
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History of the USA 1840–1941
Index
abolitionists 9
the Emancipation Proclamation
(1862) 49–50
and the Fugitive Slave Act (1850) 21
Harpers Ferry raid (1859) 28–29
the ‘Underground Railroad’ 19
acts, bills and amendments
Agricultural Marketing
Act (1929) 142
Banking Act (1935) 150
Bill of Rights 47
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) 93, 113
Clarke Amendment 98
Clayton Act (1914) 126
Dawes Act (1887) 73
Department of Commerce
and Labor Act (1903) 124
Economy Act (1932) 147
Emergency Banking Act (1933) 147
Emergency Quota Act (1921) 132
Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act (1935) 149
Expedition Act (1903) 123
Federal Child Labor Act (1916) 127
Federal Home Loan
Bank Act (1932) 142
Federal Reserve Act (1913) 126
Federal Trade Commission
Act (1914) 127
Fugitive Slave Act (1793) 19–20
Fugitive Slave Act (1850) 20–21
Glass–Steagall Banking
Act (1933) 147
Homestead Act (1862) 72, 110
Immigration Act (1924) 132
Interstate Commerce Act (1887) 119
Jones Act (1916) 98
Kansas–Nebraska Act
(1854) 22–24, 27
Ku Klux Klan Act (1871) 62
National Industrial Recovery
Act (1933) 147, 149, 155
Newlands Reclamation
Act (1902) 124
Organic Act (1900) 80
Platt Amendment (1901) 79
Pure Food and Drug
Act (1906) 124
Reconstruction Acts (1867–68) 58
Relief and Reconstruction
Act (1932) 143
Revenue Act (1916) 127
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
106, 116, 118, 119, 125
Smoot–Hawley Tariff
Act (1930) 96, 141
Social Security Act (1935) 150
Teller Amendment (1898) 79
Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934) 98
Underwood Tariff Act (1913) 126
Wade–Davis Bill (1864) 54, 56
Addams, Jane (1860–1935) 120
African-American rights
see racial equality
Agricultural Adjustment
Administration (AAA) 147, 155
Agricultural Marketing
Act (1929) 142
agriculture
availability of land 104
the consequences of rapid
industrialisation 110
the decline in 116, 139, 149
the Populist Party and 121
in the South 10
under Woodrow Wilson 127
Aguinaldo, Emilio 97–98
Alaska, the purchase of (1867) 74–75
alcohol 121, 129, 132, 147
American Progressivism 34
American Protective Association 113
American Tobacco Company 111
Anaconda Plan 43
Anglo–Japanese Alliance (1902) 96
annex, definition of 16
Anti-Saloon League 121
anti-Semitic pogroms 113
Antietam, Battle of (1862) 42
arbitration 86
Banana Wars 80–81
Banking Act (1935) 150
Bell, John 30
benevolent assimilation 97
Bill of Rights, the 47
bills see acts, bills and amendments
Black Codes, the 57
Bonsack, James 111
Booth, John Wilkes 56
border ruffians 23
‘Boss’ system 114, 118
Boxer Rebellion, China (1900) 86, 94
Brains Trust 145
Breckinridge, John C. 30
Britain
Anglo–Japanese Alliance (1902) 96
and China 93
and the First World War
(1914–18) 87–88
relations with the USA 85–86
support for the South in
the Civil War 40
and the Webster–Ashburton
Treaty (1842) 74
Brown, John 28–29
Bryan, William Jennings
(1860–1925) 119, 126
Buchanan, James 24–25, 33, 35
Burlingame Treaty (1868) 93
bushel, definition of 116
business innovation 107
California Gold Rush 72, 73
Canning, George 85
capitalism 101
Caribbean, the 80–81, 83–84
Carnegie, Andrew (1835–1919) 107
Castro, Fidel 80
censorship of the press 48
Chattanooga, Battle of (1863) 44, 46
checks and balances 13
Chickamauga, Battle of (1863) 44
child labour 121, 127
China 86, 93–94
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) 93, 113
cigarettes 111
civil liberties, during the
Civil War 47–49
Civil War (1861–65)
the Anaconda Plan 43
Battle of Antietam (1862) 42
Battle of Chattanooga (1863) 44, 46
Battle of Chickamauga (1863) 44
Battle of First Bull Run (1861) 46
Battle of Gettysburg (1863) 42
the beginning of 31–33
economic hardship during 51
historical debate 34–36
the impact of 46–53, 102–104
military strategies and
leadership 41–44
origins of 7–30
political aims 40–41
Reconstruction 39, 54–64
resources of the North
and South 45–46
social divisions 52
surrender of the South 44, 53
196
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Pete Browning and Patrick Walsh-Atkins
Index
More information
Index
Civil Works Administration 149
Civilian Conservation Corps
(CCC) 146, 147
Clarke Amendment 98
Clay, Henry 74
Clayton Act (1914) 126
Colfax massacre (1873) 62
Colombia 82
communism 156
Compromise of 1850 20
Compromise of 1877 61
Confederate States, formation of 33
Congress, definition of 9
conscription 45, 52
Constitution, the 7, 8, 12–13
13th Amendment 55–56
14th Amendment 57–58
15th Amendment 59–60
16th Amendment 128
17th Amendment 128
18th Amendment 129
19th Amendment 129–130
the Bill of Rights 47
of the Confederate States 33
and the House of
Representatives 17
the president’s powers
under 145–146
the Progressive Movement and 117
Cook, Captain James 97
Cooke, Jay 112
Coolidge, Calvin 132, 139
Copperheads 48
corollary, definition of 82
corporations, the rise of 108–109
corruption 114, 118
cotton trade 10, 85
Coughlin, Father Charles 157
Creek Wars, the 72
Cuba 76–80
cultural differences, North
and South 11–12
Custer, General 73
Davis, Jefferson (1808–89)
33, 36, 41, 49, 50, 86
Dawes Act (1887) 73
Dawes Plan (1924) 92
deflation 139, 141
demagogues 154
Department of Commerce and
Labor Act (1903) 124
diktat, definition of 90
Dollar Diplomacy 80–81, 87
Dominican Republic 83
Douglas, Stephen (1813–61)
22, 26–28, 30
Dow Jones Index 137
draft dodging 45
Dred Scott case, the 26
Duke, James 111
economy
during the Civil War 51
the consequences of rapid
industrialisation 110–112
differences between North
and South 10–11
economic disasters 112
the Great Crash (1929) 137–138
the Great Depression 137–142
industrial expansion 102–109
the New Deals 143–162
Reconstruction and 63–64
Economy Act (1932) 147
Edison, Thomas (1847–1931) 107
El Salvador 83
electricity, invention of 107
Elkins Act (1903) 124
Ellis Island 85
Emancipation Proclamation
(1862) 49–50
Emergency Banking Act (1933) 147
Emergency Quota Act (1921) 132
Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act (1935) 149
equality see racial equality;
sexual equality
Expedition Act (1903) 123
Faraday, Thomas 107
farming see agriculture
federal, definition of 8
Federal Child Labor Act (1916) 127
Federal Emergency Relief
Administration 147
Federal Farm Board 142
Federal Home Loan Bank
Act (1932) 142
Federal Reserve Act (1913) 126
Federal Reserve Bank 138, 139
Federal Trade Commission
Act (1914) 127
Fillmore, Millard 20, 95
Fireside Chats, Roosevelt 146
First Bull Run, Battle of (1861) 46
First World War (1914–
18) 87–89, 143
Flagler, Henry 109, 111
food shortages 51
Fort Sumter, South
Carolina 33, 36, 41
49th parallel 74
Founding Fathers 101, 128
Fourteen Points, the 89–91
Frankfurt, Treaty of (1871) 89
Free Soil Party 24
free trade 11
Freedmen’s Bureau 55, 57
Frémont, John (1813–90) 24, 36, 71
Frick, Henry (1849–1919) 107, 108
Fugitive Slave Act (1793) 19–20
Fugitive Slave Act (1850) 20–21
Gadsden Purchase, the 71
general strike 52
Germany
and the First World War
(1914–18) 87–88
relations with the USA 86
and Wilson’s Fourteen Points 91
Gettysburg, Battle of (1863) 42
Glass–Steagall Banking
Act (1933) 147
gold rush 71, 72, 73
Gold Standard 142, 147
Good Neighbor policy 83
Grangers, the 110
Grant, Ulysses S. (1822–85) 15,
24, 44, 53, 58, 62, 72–73
Great Crash, the (1929) 137–138
Great Depression, the
causes of 137, 138–139
Franklin D. Roosevelt and 143–162
Herbert Hoover and 141–143
the impact of 139–140
Great Sioux War (1876) 73
Greeley, Horace 49
Greenbackers, the 110
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Treaty
of (1848) 16–17, 71
Guam 79, 86, 97
guerrillas 46
habeas corpus, definition of 47
Haiti 83
Harding, Warren G. 131, 132
Harpers Ferry raid (1859) 28–29
Hawaii 86, 97
Hayes, Rutherford 39, 60
health care 119, 120, 150
Homestead Act (1862) 72, 110
Honduras 83
Hoover, Herbert (1874–1964)
131, 136, 141–143, 145
House, Colonel E. M. 90
House of Representatives 17, 18
housing conditions 114
Hugo, Victor 29
Ickes, Harold 146
immigration 10, 85, 93, 95,
103–104, 112–113, 132–133
Immigration Act (1924) 132
197
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978-1-107-67960-3 - Cambridge International AS Level: History of the USA 1840–1941
Pete Browning and Patrick Walsh-Atkins
Index
More information
History of the USA 1840–1941
industry
expansion in the 1870s
and 1880s 102–109
growth of, in the North 10
overproduction in 139
Reconstruction and 64
inflation 51
Influence of Sea Power upon
History, The (Mahan) 87
Interstate Commerce Act (1887) 119
isolationism 92
Italy 92
Japan
Anglo–Japanese Alliance (1902) 96
attack on Pearl Harbor (1941) 92
invasion of China 94
relations with the USA 94–96
Russo–Japanese War (1904–05) 95
seen as a threat by the USA 87
Jim Crow laws 63
Johnson, Andrew (1808–
75) 49, 55, 56–57
Jones Act (1916) 98
judicial review 154
Kansas–Nebraska Act
(1854) 22–24, 27
Kellogg–Briand Pact (1928) 92
Knox, Philander C. 123
Korea 95
Ku Klux Klan 39, 62, 133
Ku Klux Klan Act (1871) 62
La Follette, Robert (1855–1925) 117
laissez-faire policy 116, 117
Landon, Alf 152
Lansing, Robert (1864–1928) 90
League of Nations 89, 90–91, 96
Lecompton Constitution 27–28
Lee, Robert E. (1807–70)
28, 41, 42–43, 44, 53
Lincoln, Abraham (1809–65) 21,
26–28, 29–31, 32, 33, 35–36, 41,
43–44, 47, 48–50, 53, 54–56
Lincoln–Douglas debates 26–28
Little Bighorn, Battle of the (1876) 73
living standards 10, 116, 120, 149
Lodge, Henry Cabot 91
Long, Huey (1893–1935) 154, 157
Louisiana Purchase, the 8, 22, 68
Lusitania, sinking of 88
lynching 39, 62, 133
Mahan, Captain A. T. 87
Maine, USS 77, 97
manifest destiny 16, 69
‘March Through Georgia,’ the 44
martial law 36, 58
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico 81
McClellan, General George 41
McKinley, William 77, 97, 122
Mellon, Andrew 131
Merryman case, the 47
Mexican Cession, the 16–17, 68
Mexico
outcomes of the war with
the USA 15–18, 68
US–Mexican War 70–71
the Zimmerman telegram 81, 89
Midway Island 97
Milligan case, the 48–49
misfired elections 39
Missouri Compromise 8–9, 22
monopolies 111, 121, 123, 126
Monroe Doctrine (1823) 82, 85
Morgan, J. P. 112, 123
Muckrakers 117, 120
National American Woman
Suffrage Association 120
National Industrial Recovery
Act (1933) 147, 149, 155
National Union for Social Justice 157
nationalism, growth of 64, 69
Native Americans 72–74
naval blockades 33, 41, 77
New Deals, the 143–162
Newlands Reclamation
Act (1902) 124
Nez Perce War (1877) 73
Nicaragua 83
Northern Securities Company 123
oil 111
Old Age Pension movement 157
Open Door policy 93, 95
Oregon 74
Organic Act (1900) 80
Palmerston, Lord 85–86
Panama Canal 81, 82
Paris, Treaty of (1898) 79
Peace Democrats 53
Pearl Harbor, attack on (1941) 92
pensions 119, 120, 157
Perkins, Frances (1880–
1965) 146, 150
Philippines, the 79, 97–98
Pierce, Franklin 22
Pinchot, Gifford 125
platforms, definition of 30
Platt Amendment (1901) 79
plutocracy 124
Poland 91
political issues
the Civil War and 12–13,
40–41, 52–53
Reconstruction and 63–64
Polk, James (1795–1849) 16, 70
population growth 103
Populist Party 110, 121
Preble, USS 94
press, the 48, 159
Progressive Movement 87, 101
in the 1920s 131–133
the debate on 133
economic aims 119
impact on the states 130–131
political and constitutional
aims 117–118
the Populist Party 110, 121
the rise of 115–117
under Theodore Roosevelt 122–125
under William Taft 125
under Woodrow Wilson 126–130
Prohibition 129, 132, 147
propaganda 88
protectorates 79, 83
Prussia 86
Public Works Administration
147, 149
Puerto Rico 79, 80
Pullman Strike (1894) 116
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) 124
Quezon, Manuel 98
racial equality 61–63, 133
see also slavery
the 14th Amendment 57–58
the 15th Amendment 59–60
the Black Codes 57
the Compromise of 1877 61
Native Americans 72–74
the Progressive Movement and 121
racial segregation 63
Radical Reconstruction 58–59
railhead, definition of 46
railways
the Civil War and 46
development of the network 105
the Populist Party and 121
the Pullman Strike (1894) 116
Reconstruction 39, 54–64
Reconstruction Acts (1867–68) 58
Reconstruction Finance
Corporation 142
Red Scare, the 132
referendums 32, 131
Relief and Reconstruction
Act (1932) 143
Republican Party, formation of 24–25
198
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978-1-107-67960-3 - Cambridge International AS Level: History of the USA 1840–1941
Pete Browning and Patrick Walsh-Atkins
Index
More information
Index
Revenue Act (1916) 127
revolution, fear of 116, 132
Riis, Jacob 117
Rockefeller, John D. (1839–
1937) 109, 111, 118, 123
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1882–
1945) 98, 136, 143–162
Roosevelt, Theodore 78, 82, 83,
92, 95, 97, 101, 122–124
Root–Takahira agreement (1908) 95
‘Rough Riders’ 78
Russia 74–75, 95
Samoa 86, 97
Sand Creek Massacre (1864) 72
Schechter Case, the 155
Scott, Winfield 41, 43–44, 70
secession 25, 31–32
Second World War (1939–45) 92
Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) 148
self-determination 87, 90, 98
separation of powers 13
Seward, William (1801–72)
29, 34, 75, 82
sexual equality 115, 117,
120, 129–130, 131
sharecroppers 62, 115, 116
Sherman, William T. 44, 51
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
106, 116, 118, 119, 125
Sinclair, Upton 117, 124
‘Slave Power’ 17
slavery
the 13th Amendment 55–56
abolition of 10, 39, 61–63
the Black Codes 57
and the Compromise of 1850 20
and the cotton trade 10
the Dred Scott case 26
the Emancipation Proclamation
(1862) 49–50
escaped slaves 19–20
Fugitive Slave Act (1850) 20–21
general strike 52
the impact of Uncle
Tom’s Cabin 21–22
the Kansas–Nebraska
Act (1854) 22–24
the Lincoln–Douglas
debates 26–28
in Mexico 16
the Missouri Compromise 8–9
slaves in the army 52
in Washington DC 19
the Wilmot Proviso 17–18
slums 114
Smoot–Hawley Tariff
Act (1930) 96, 141
Snake Wars (1864–68) 73
social attitudes 106
social issues
arising from urbanisation 113–114
the Progressive Movement
and 115–116, 120–121
Social Security Act (1935) 150
Spain
and Cuba 76–79
and the Philippines 97
Spanish–American War
(1898) 78–79
Spanish Civil War (1936–39) 92
speculation, financial 137, 139
sphere of influence, definition of 94
state legislature, definition of 32
State of the Union Address,
Roosevelt 123, 124
‘states rights’ 13
Steffens, Lincoln 117
Stock Exchange, the 108,
112, 116, 137–138
Stowe, Harriet Beecher (1811–96) 21
strikes 52, 116, 123
Supreme Court 26, 128,
149, 155–156
Taft, William Howard
(1908–1912) 125
Taney, Judge Roger B. 47
Tarbell, Ida (1857–1944) 117
tariffs 11, 96, 102, 109,
121, 126, 128, 139
Taylor, Zachary 20, 70
technological innovation 107
Teller Amendment (1898) 79
Ten Percent Plan 54
Tennessee Valley Authority
(TVA) 147, 151, 155
Tianjin, Treaty of (1858) 93
Townsend, Dr Francis
(1867–1960) 157
trade unions 106, 107, 116, 119,
123, 147, 152, 159, 160
transport, improvements
in 10, 46, 105
treaties
Burlingame Treaty (1868) 93
Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) 89
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
(1848) 16–17, 71
Treaty of Paris (1898) 79
Treaty of Tianjin (1858) 93
Treaty of Versailles
(1919) 89, 90–91
Treaty of Wangxia (1844) 93
Webster–Ashburton
Treaty (1842) 74
trench warfare 44
Trujillo, Rafael 83
trusts, the rise of 109, 126
Tsushima, Battle of (1905) 95
Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934) 98
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe) 21–22
‘Underground Railroad’ 9, 19
Underwood Tariff Act (1913) 126
unemployment 112, 115, 119,
139, 145, 149, 160, 161
unions see trade unions
urbanisation 113–114
US–Mexican War 15–18, 70–71
US navy, the growth of 86–87
Vallandigham case, the 48
Versailles, Treaty of (1919) 89, 90–91
veto, definition of 141
Virginian Peace Conference (1861) 35
voting rights 60, 63, 80, 115,
117, 129–130, 131, 151
Wade–Davis Bill (1864) 54, 56
Wake Island 97
Wall Street 108, 112, 116, 137–138
Wallace, Henry 146
Wangxia, Treaty of (1844) 93
War Bonus 143, 152
War Democrats 53
War of 1812 85
War of Independence (1783) 85
Washington DC, slavery in 19
Washington Naval
Conference (1922) 96
Wealth Tax 150
Webster–Ashburton Treaty (1842) 74
welfare system, lack of 115
White League, the 62
Wilmot Proviso, the (1846) 17–18
Wilson, William 127
Wilson, Woodrow (1856–1924)
81, 87–91, 98, 101, 126–130
women’s rights 115, 117,
120, 129–130, 131
working conditions 106,
107, 116, 119, 147
Wounded Knee Massacre (1890) 73
Young Plan (1929) 92
Zelaya, Jose 83
Zimmerman telegram, the 81, 89
199
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