SCIENCE KEY WORDS – CHEMISTRY
Acid
Activation
energy
Alkali
Alkane
Alkene
Alloy
Anode
Atom
Atomic number
Biodegradable
Biofuel
Bioleaching
Bromine water
Carbon
monoxide
Catalyst
Cathode
Chemical
change
Chemical
formula
Chemical symbol
Chromatography
Compound
Covalent bond
Cracking
Desulfurisation
Displacement
Distillation
Electrolysis
Electron
Element
Emulsifier
Endothermic
Energy levels
Exothermic
Fuel
Group
Hydration
Hydrocarbon
Hydrogenation
reaction
Insoluble
Ion
A chemical substance that has a pH less than 7. Acidity is caused by hydrogen ions (H+)
The minimum amount of energy needed for a successful particle collision to occur in a
reaction.
A chemical substance that has a pH greater than 7. Alkalinity is caused by hydroxide ions
(OH-)
A hydrocarbon containing single covalent bonds.
A hydrocarbon containing double covalent bonds.
Mixture of a metal with another metal or non-metal.
A positive electrode.
Particle made up of protons, electrons and neutrons.
Number of protons and electrons in an atom
This means the material will break down/decompose over time
A fuel made from the fermentation of plants
A process where copper is extracted from low grade ores by growing bacteria that
produce leachates containing copper compounds.
A chemical used to distinguish between an alkane and alkene. Alkenes turn it from orange
to colourless (decolourises it).
A poisonous gas produced from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy,
without being used up.
A negative electrode.
Where a chemical reaction takes place producing a new substance.
A way of showing the number of atoms and elements in a molecule or compound e.g H2O
A shorthand way of writing the name of a chemical element.
A separation technique that can be used to separate mixtures of dyes/inks
A material made up of two or more different types of atom chemically bonded together.
Chemical bond formed from the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms.
A process used to turn long hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful ones e.g.
petrol using high temperature, high pressure and a catalyst
A process used to remove sulfur from hydrocarbon fuels to reduce sulfur dioxide
emissions
A reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal in a compound.
A liquid is separated from its solution by heating it so that the liquid evaporates and then
cooling the vapour so that it condenses. It works because mixtures of liquids have
different boiling points.
Breaking a substance down into simpler substances using electricity.
Subatomic particle that has a negative charge and negligible mass.
A material made up of only one type of atom.
A chemical used to help oil and water mix together
A reaction that takes heat energy in from the surroundings.
Where electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom. Also called shells.
A reaction that releases heat energy out to the surroundings.
A substance that produces useful energy when it is burnt (combustion).
Column in the Periodic Table. Tells you the number of electrons in the outer shell
A reaction with steam at high temperature using a catalyst
Compound made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
A reaction where hydrogen is added to harden a saturated plant oil at 60oC with a nickel
catalyst to increase it’s melting point so that it is easier to spread
A substance that will not dissolve
Charged atom. Can be positive (cation) or negative (anion).
Ionic bond
Mass number
Metal
Metal ore
Metallic bond
Mixture
Molecule
Neutralisation
Neutron
Nitrogen oxides
Non-metal
Nucleus
OILRIG
Oxidation
Particle model
Periodic Table
Period
pH scale
Phytomining
Physical change
Polymer
Polymerisation
Precipitate
Product
Proton
Reactant
Reactivity Series
Reduction
Relative
Formula Mass
Saturated
Smelting
Soluble
Solute
Solution
Solvent
State symbol
Sulfur dioxide
Symbol equation
Thermal
decomposition
Unsaturated
Viscosity
Volatility
Word equation
Yield
Chemical bond formed from the electrostatic attraction between metal and non-metal
ions.
Number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
A solid material that is usually hard, shiny, malleable, ductile, with good electrical and
thermal conductivity.
A rock containing a metal compound that is economically worthwhile extracting.
Chemical bond formed by a delocalised sea of electrons surrounding positive metal
cations.
Two or more elements/compounds mixed together that are not chemically bonded.
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
Reaction between an acid and an alkali that produces neutral (pH 7) salt and water.
Subatomic particle that has a neutral charge and mass of 1.
These are produced in car engines when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen at high
temperatures. They cause acid rain.
A material that does not have the same properties as a metal.
Centre of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons, Reduction Is Gain of electrons
A reaction where atoms in an element lose electrons.
A scientific theory that explains the properties of solid, liquids and gases using particles.
A list of all the known elements.
Row in the Periodic Table. Tells you the number of energy levels/shells in an atom of an
element
A scale from 1-14 that shows the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
A process where copper is extracted from low grade ores by burning plants that contain
copper compounds that have been absorbed through their roots
A change from one state (solid, liquid or gas) to another.
Very long chain molecules found in plastics
The process of making very long chain molecules (polymers) by reacting together small
reactive molecules with double bonds (monomers) using high pressure and a catalyst.
An insoluble solid.
A substance that is made in a chemical reaction.
Subatomic particle found in the nucleus that has a positive charge and mass of 1.
A substance that reacts in a chemical reaction.
List of metals in order of reactivity.
A reaction where atoms in an element gain electrons.
The total mass of an element or compound that can be worked out by adding together
the relative atomic masses of each element
A compound that contains single bonds.
The process of extracting a metal from its ore by heating and melting
A substance that will dissolve.
A solid that will dissolve in a liquid solvent.
A mixture of a solute and solvent.
A liquid that will dissolve another substance.
(s)=solid, (l)=liquid, (g)=gas, (aq)=aqueous=dissolves in water
This gas is produced when sulfur impurities in hydrocarbon fuels reacts with oxygen. It
causes acid rain.
A way of describing a chemical reaction using chemical symbols.
Breaking a substance down into simpler substances using heat.
A compound that contains double bonds.
How runny a material is. Thick materials have high viscosities.
How easily a liquid evaporates into a gas.
A way of describing a chemical reaction using chemical names.
The amount of a chemical produced