A L N S O CORECAR I S S E R G N D CO 112 TH CONG R ESS ARAB AMERICAN INSTITUTE © 2011 Scorecard is produced by the Arab American Institute. Compiled by: Adam Abosedra, Samer Araabi and Emily Manna Design: Mark Ibrahim For more information please visit www.aaiusa.org. 2012 Congressional Scorecard 112th Congress The Arab American Institute has compiled this Scorecard to catalogue the voting record of the 112th Congress on issues of importance to the Arab American community. Listed actions include bill proposals, enacted legislation, and Dear Colleague letters. Though not comprehensive, and though no member of Congress can be judged fairly by any single action, this guide provides a general profile of Congressional behavior that we hope will help Arab Americans better understand the actions taken by their representatives on these issues. We have attempted to provide a snapshot of legislation concerning many of the primary issues concerning Arab Americans. For the Senate, we have included 10 items: two bills on the Arab Spring, three on Palestine, one on Lebanon, one regarding civil liberties, and two for immigration reform. For the House, we included 15 items: two bills on the Arab Spring, five bills and one letter on Palestine, two bills on Lebanon, three bills and a letter regarding civil liberties, and two bills on immigration. We encourage you to use this Scorecard to stay informed on the voting records of your congressional representatives. Coming in 2012, AAI will be releasing an online database of congressional votes recorded by previous editions of Scorecard, going back over a decade. Please check back on our website (www.aaiusa.org) to view the entire history of Scorecard reports on your Congressional representatives in this easilysearchable format. There are many ways to contact your Congressional representatives. The following are suggestions for using the resources available to you to communicate with Congress. More information is also available on our website at www.aaiusa.org. Online Visit our website (www.aaiusa.org) to find frequently-updated information on issues of interest to the Arab American community. The Take Action section of our website allows you to directly contact your senators and representatives. Simply pick an issue you care about and enter your zip code to get started. You will be prompted to select from a list of your representatives, and to enter your name and contact information. The action page will include sample letters and issue briefs to assist you. It’s a quick, easy, and highly effective way to make your voice heard. You can also visit the websites of your representatives at www.house.gov or www.senate.gov to find their contact information. Letters If you would like to write a personalized letter, please keep the following tips in mind: • Keep the letter concise, polite, and to-the-point • Note the name and number of a particular piece of legislation in the letter • Follow up with a phone call a week or two after sending your letter Because postal service to the U.S. Congress is significantly slowed by security protocols, we strongly recommend that you contact your representatives by phone, fax, or e-mail. Fax and e-mail addresses can be found on the representatives websites, or in the Handbook of the 112th Congress, available at no charge to all AAI Sustaining Members. You can also get the attention of your representatives by writing letters or op-ed pieces for your local press. For more information on effectively engaging with the media, please visit our media toolkit at www.aaiusa.org/mediatoolkit. Phone Calls Personal phone calls are a common and easy means of communicating with your member’s office. Please keep the following phone tips in mind: • Ask to speak to the relevant legislative assistant or caseworker • Always be polite • Follow up with a letter reiterating your concerns Capitol Switchboard: (202) 224-3121 2 Personal Visits A personal visit is the most effective way of communicating with your representatives, and can take place in your home state or in Washington, DC. Here are some useful tips: • Schedule a meeting with your members of Congress for three to five local Arab American community leaders. Members have very busy schedules even while in recess, and going in as a small group of prominent local leaders rather than individually both demonstrates the seriousness of your meeting request and maximizes the Members' time. Call the member’s office or send a letter outlining what issues you would like to discuss and who will be attending the meeting. • Whether you’re requesting a meeting in Washington, DC or in a field office, you may be scheduled to meet with a congressional staff member. Staffers have considerable influence on their bosses, who rely on them for information and briefings, and also have a strong background in and understanding of the issues. Treat a meeting with a staff member as you would a meeting with your member of Congress. • Email or fax an issue brief or a short agenda for your meeting. This lets your members of Congress know what concerns you have, gives their staff time to do any necessary research, and lets them know that you respect their schedules and plan to keep the meeting brief. After the visit, send an email thanking the Member for his/her time. Emphasize that you appreciate your representatives taking time to listen to your views and concerns, and that you look forward to continued cooperation between the member of Congress and the Arab American community in his/her district. Include a brief summary of the issues discussed and your views. More guidelines and tips for conducting a successful visit with your representative can be found on the Election Central page of AAI's website. 3 Senate Arab Spring As members of the 112th Congress were being sworn in, demonstrations were already taking place in Tunisia that would ultimately lead to the downfall of Tunisian dictator Zine Zenedine Ben-Ali, beginning a series of popular demonstrations across the Middle East and North Africa that collectively came to be known as the Arab Spring. Many members of Congress sympathized with the democratic aspirations of the uprisings, and authored a number of positive bills to demonstrate their support. AAI supported expressions of solidarity with the protestors. 1. Senator John Kerry (D-MA) introduced S. Res. 44, a bipartisan bill “supporting democracy, universal rights, and the peaceful transition to a representative government in Egypt.” The bill, which was passed by unanimous consent, calls on former President Hosni Mubarak to “immediately begin an orderly and peaceful transition to a democratic political system,” and assures United States support of the Egyptian Government to “advance the goal of ensuring respect for the universal rights of the Egyptian people” and “further the national security interests of the United States in the region. Senator Kerry and the 7 other Senators who cosponsored the legislation receive a (+). 2. In celebration of International Women’s Day, Senator Olympia Snow (R-ME) introduced S. Res. 109, “honoring and supporting women in North Africa and the Middle East whose bravery, compassion and commitment to putting the wellbeing of others before their own have proven that courage can be contagious.” The bill emphasizes “the vital importance of women’s rights and political participation as leaders in North Africa and the Middle East consider constitutional reforms and shape new governments.” The 24 Senators who cosponsored the legislation receive a (+). Palestine 2011 was a pivotal year in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. After negotiations broke down at the end of last year, the Palestinian Authority struggled to maintain its legitimacy, while Israel continued to build illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank. Meanwhile, the PA attempted to form a unity government with Hamas and eventually pursued an independent bid for statehood at the United Nations. Congress reacted extremely negatively to both developments. AAI favored efforts to promote constructive steps toward two states, Palestine and Israel, living side-by-side in peace and security. Divisive, imbalanced and provocative efforts receive a negative score. 4 3. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY) introduced S. Res. 138 “calling on the United Nations to rescind the Goldstone report,” formally known as the “United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict,” which accused the Israeli government of targeting Palestinian civilians during its operations in Gaza in 2006. The legislation called on U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon to repeal the findings of the “Goldstone Report” and to “reform the United Nations Human Rights Council so that it no longer unfairly, disproportionately and falsely criticizes Israel on a regular basis.” Similarly, Senator David Vitter (R-LA) introduced S. 923 “to withhold United States contributions to the United Nations until the United Nations formally retracts the final report of the ‘United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict’.” The 35 co-sponsors of the two bills receive a (-). 4. Senator Ben Cardin (D-MD) submitted S. Res. 185, “reaffirming the commitment of the United States to a negotiated settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,” while “declaring that Palestinian efforts to gain recognition of a state outside direct negotiations demonstrates absence of a good faith commitment to peace negotiations, and will have implications for continued United States aid.” The bill asks that President Obama “announce that the United States will veto any resolution on Palestinian statehood that comes before the United Nations Security Council which is not a result of agreements reached between the Government of Israel and the Palestinians.” The legislation’s 90 co-sponsors receive a (-). 5. Senator Orrin Hatch (R-UT) introduced S. Con. Res. 23, “declaring that it is the policy of the United States to support and facilitate Israel in maintaining defensible borders and that it is contrary to United States policy and national security to have the borders of Israel return to the armistice lines that existed on June 4, 1967.” The bill states the need for the United States to remain committed to defending Israel against the “authoritarian regimes and terrorist organizations” that “deny its right to exist,” and to oppose a return to the 1967 Israeli border lines. The 33 co-sponsors of the legislation receive a (-). Lebanon Several political shifts occurred in Lebanon in 2011, as old political alliances were broken and new coalitions took their place. Following the collapse of the Westernfriendly cabinet led by Prime Minister Sa’ad Hariri, the “opposition” coalition successfully gained a parliamentary majority and assumed control of the Prime Minister position. Meanwhile, the Lebanese state 6. In her introduction to S. 558, the Cluster Munitions Civilian Protection Act of 2011, Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) cited the 2006 war in Lebanon, during which “Israeli cluster munitions, many of them manufactured in the U.S., injured and killed 343 civilians.” The legislation calls on the United States to limit the use of cluster munitions to “clearly defined military targets,” and not “in areas normally inhabited by civilians.” The 21 Senators who cosponsored the bill receive a (+). Civil Liberties Since the enactment of the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001, we have witnessed a steady deterioration of our civil liberties, particularly with regards to the Arab American and American Muslim communities. Warrantless wiretapping, unlawful search and seizure, and blatant racial profiling continue to mar our national conscience, and our effectiveness against the real threats that exist at home and abroad. Though many members of Congress perpetuated this decline, some took a principled stand to restore some of our lost liberties. AAI favored efforts to establish policies that make our country safe while protecting the civil liberties enshrined in our Constitution. 7. Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) introduced S. 1125, a bill which provides for greater judicial review of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), and affords for greater protections to individuals being monitored or gag-ordered by the FBI, such as written justifications for why the collection of personal information is relevant in any given investigation. It also mandates increased transparency and accountability for domestic surveillance operations, with stricter warrant provisions and reporting requirements, including an annual report by the Attorney General detailing “how the authorities under such an Act are used.” Senator Leahy and the 13 co-sponsors receive a (+). provisions. At the sponsors’ urging, the bill was tabled by the Senate in a 74-13 vote. The 74 Senators who voted to table the measure receive a (+). Immigration 2011 was a year of great strides and deep disappointments for Americans hoping to see comprehensive and fair immigration reform. Developments toward the enactment of the DREAM Act, which provides a path to citizenship for undocumented minors, have provided some cause for hope. As a group with a sizable immigrant population, the Arab American community has a significant stake in these issues. AAI supported efforts to address immigration reform comprehensively, including the creation of a path for undocumented immigrangts to gain U.S. citizenship, while promoting a humane culture of immigration enforcement based on rule of law. 9. S. 723, The Birthright Citizenship Act of 2011, was introduced by Sen. David Vitter (R-LA). It lays out strict citizenship requirements for individuals born in the United States. The individual must be born to a U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident alien, or an alien serving in the U.S. armed forces. All others are disqualified, severely limiting citizenship for millions of undocumented immigrants born and raised in the United States. The Senator and the 4 co-sponsors receive a (-). 10. Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) introduced S. 952, the 2011 DREAM Act, authorizing the Secretary of Homeland Security to cancel the removal of an undocumented minor lawfully admitted for permanent residence. This bill broadens the scope of who may become a United States citizen, provided they meet certain conditions, including good moral character and a clean criminal record. The bill stands in opposition to S. 723, mentioned above, which seeks to tighten requirements for U.S. citizenship. The 34 co-sponsors and Senator Durbin receive a (+). 8. S.1038, the “PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011,” was introduced by Sen. Harry Reid (D-NV) and Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY). Though ostensibly aimed at extending the expiration of electronic surveillance provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act, Reid proposed the motion specifically with the intention of getting the Senate on record in opposition to the extension of these 5 Senate continues to grapple with the presence of millions of cluster munitions scattered across southern Lebanon during Israel’s 2006 invasion. AAI favored efforts that reflected a commitment to the territorial integrity and political independence of Lebanon and support for Lebanon’s state institutions and development projects. House Arab Spring As members of the 112th Congress were being sworn in, demonstrations were already taking place in Tunisia that would ultimately lead to the downfall of Tunisian dictator Zine Zenedine Ben-Ali, beginning a series of popular demonstrations across the Middle East and North Africa that collectively came to be known as the Arab Spring. Many members of Congress sympathized with the democratic aspirations of the uprisings, and authored a number of positive bills to demonstrate their support. AAI supported expressions of solidarity with the protestors. 1. H.Res. 88, introduced by Rep. Adam Schiff (D-CA), is titled, “Expressing solidarity with the people of Egypt in their democratic aspirations as they begin a new chapter in their country’s proud history.” It condemns the use of violence against Egyptian demonstrators and calls for Egypt’s transition into a “credible democracy.” All 111 co-sponsors of the bill receive a (+). 2. H.R. 2643, the “Medical Neutrality Protection Act of 2011,” introduced by Rep. Jim McDermott (D-WA), aims to put limits on the provision of military equipment to states that violate medical neutrality. It was introduced at a time when the Bahraini government was suspected of attacking medical personnel during pro-democracy demonstrations in the country. The 11 co-sponsors of the bill receive a (+). Palestine 2011 was a pivotal year in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. After negotiations broke down at the end of last year, the Palestinian Authority struggled to maintain its legitimacy, while Israel continued to build illegal settlements in the occupied West Bank. The PA attempted to form a unity government with Hamas and eventually pursued an independent bid for statehood at the United Nations. Congress reacted extremely negatively to both developments. AAI favored efforts to promote constructive steps toward two states, Palestine and Israel, living sideby-side in peace and security. Divisive, imbalanced and provocative efforts receive a negative score. 3. H.R. 1006, the “Jerusalem Embassy and Recognition Act of 2011” is sponsored by Rep. Dan Burton (R-IN). The bill aims to “recognize Jerusalem as the undivided capital of the State of Israel,” despite the fact that the final status of Jerusalem is an essential part of the peace negotiations. In addition, the bill effectively holds the executive branch hostage by limiting State Department funds until the U.S. embassy in Israel is relocated to Jerusalem. All 50 co-sponsors of the bill receive a (-). 4. H.R. 1501 is titled, “To withhold United States contributions to the United Nations until the United Nations formally retracts the final report of the ‘United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict.’” The bill, sponsored by Rep. Joe Walsh (R-IL), directs 6 the Secretary of State to withhold all U.N. funding until the U.N. adopts a resolution stating that the “Goldstone Report,” which accused Israel of war crimes, was based on “insufficient information.” The 41 co-sponsors of the bill receive a (-). 5. H.Res. 268 is sponsored by Rep. Eric Cantor (R-VA). The bill opposes any “unilateral declaration of a Palestinian state,” and calls on the Administration to prevent the Palestinian Authority from gaining recognition from any international bodies. It also warns that “U.S. assistance programs” may be withdrawn as a result of any Palestinian statehood bid. All 407 representatives who voted for the bill receive a (-), while the 19 members who voted against the bill or “present” receive a (+). 6. H.R. 2457, the “Palestinian Accountability Act,” was introduced by Rep. Joe Walsh (R-IL). The bill prohibits any U.S. government document from referring to any geographical area as “Palestine” until said unnamed area meets a number of nebulous preconditions, such as the implementation of the 2003 “Road Map for Peace” and the exclusion of Hamas from any unity government. It also withholds funds from the Palestinian Authority and from the United Nations and a number of U.N. agencies. The bill’s 40 co-sponsors receive a (-). 7. H.R. 2829, the “United Nations Transparency, Accountability, and Reform Act of 2011,” is sponsored by Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL), Chairwoman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. It directs the President to “use U.S. influence at the United Nations” to withhold up to 50% of contributions to U.N. and to completely defund the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees. The bill’s 141 co-sponsors receive a (-). 8. Rep. David Price (D-NC) and Rep. Peter Welch (D-VT) issued a letter titled “Support Palestinian Aid and Israel’s Security,” in which they call upon Congress to continue aid to the Palestinian Authority. They write that “maintaining U.S. assistance to the P.A. is…in the essential strategic interest of Israel and the United States,” and that “the suspension or ending of U.S. aid could undermine the very foundations of a future Palestinian state.” The opinions of several American and Israeli security officials are cited in support of assisting the Palestinian Authority for the promotion of Israeli-Palestinian efforts at peace. The 44 representatives who signed the letter receive a (+). Lebanon Several political shifts occurred in Lebanon in 2011, as old political alliances were broken and new coalitions took their place. Following the collapse of the Westernfriendly cabinet led by Prime Minister Sa’ad Hariri, the “opposition” coalition successfully gained a parliamentary majority and assumed control of the Prime Minister position. Meanwhile, the Lebanese state continues to grapple with the presence of millions of cluster munitions 9. Rep. Howard Berman (D-CA) introduced H.R. 2215 “to ensure that United States taxpayer dollars are not used to fund terrorist entities in Lebanon, and for other purposes.” The bill, titled the “Hezbollah Anti-Terrorism Act of 2011,” calls upon Congress to limit assistance to the Lebanese state, including a number of aid and development programs. Though the loss of crucial development aid in Lebanon is highly problematic, the bill’s supporters introduced it in an attempt to circumvent a far more damaging effort that would have eliminated all U.S. aid to Lebanon. In recognition of this fact, the 13 co-sponsors of the legislation receive a neutral recognition (*). Rep. Jim McGovern (D-MA) and the 3 co-sponsors of H.R. 996, the “Cluster Munitions Civilian Protection Act of 2011,” receive a (+) for attempting to raise awareness of the use of cluster munitions “where civilians are known to be present.” attempts to address abuses as a result of the USA PATRIOT Act occurred throughout the session. Rep. James Sensenbrenner (R-WI) introduced H.R. 514, a proposed extension of three USA PATRIOT Act provisions. The bill received a floor vote but failed to achieve the necessary 2/3 majority. The 148 who voted against the extension receive a (+), as do the 8 co-sponsors of H.R. 1805. The 277 who voted for the USA PATRIOT Act extension receive a (-). 13. In response to the announcement of hearings in which the Homeland Security Committee would “focus exclusively on radicalization among Muslim Americans and homegrown terrorism,” Rep. Peter Stark (D-CA) and Rep. John Dingell (D-MI) wrote a letter to Chairman Peter King requesting that the committee “reconsider the scope” of the hearings. The letter acknowledges the duty of the government to protect America from terrorism, but also highlights the contributions of Muslims in America, and the need for Congress to maintain the American values of “inclusiveness and pluralism.” The 57 representatives who signed the letter receive a (+), while Rep. Peter King (R-NY), the sponsor of the hearing, receives a (-). Civil Liberties Since the enactment of the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001, we have witnessed a steady deterioration of our civil liberties, particularly with regards to the Arab American and American Muslim communities. Warrantless wiretapping, unlawful search and seizure, and blatant racial profiling continue to mar our national conscience as well as our effectiveness against the real threats that exist at home and abroad. Though many members of Congress perpetuated this decline, some took a principled stand to restore some of our lost liberties. AAI favored efforts to establish policies that make our country safe while protecting the civil liberties enshrined in our Constitution. Immigration 2011 was a year of great strides and deep disappointments for Americans hoping to see comprehensive and fair immigration reform. Developments toward the enactment of the DREAM Act, which provides a path to citizenship for undocumented minors, have provided some cause for hope. As a group with a sizable immigrant population, the Arab American community has a significant stake in these issues. AAI supported efforts to address immigration reform comprehensively, including the creation of a path for undocumented immigrants to gain U.S. citizenship, while promoting a humane culture of immigration enforcement based on rule of law. 10. Rep. Steve King (R-IA) introduced H.R. 140, the “Birthright Citizenship Act of 2011,” to eliminate birthright citizenship for children born in the US to non-US citizens. Some supporters of the bill began using the pejorative terms “anchor babies” and “terror babies” to advocate for this change to the 14th Amendment. The 80 co-sponsors of the bill receive a (-). 14. Rep. Howard Berman (D-CA) introduced H.R. 1842, the latest version of the DREAM Act (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors). It offers a litany of protections to undocumented minors without criminal backgrounds, particularly those pursuing higher education. Immigration reform activists have been pushing for the passage of the DREAM Act, and all 62 co-sponsors of the bill receive a (+). 11. Rep. John Conyers (D-MI), ranking member of House Judiciary Committee, introduced H. Res. 283, calling on the federal government to counter the growth of violence and discrimination against Muslim, Arab, Sikh, and South Asian communities. Conyers and the 28 co-sponsors receive a (+). 12. Rep. John Conyers (D-MI) introduced H.R. 1805, authorizing an extension of certain provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act until 2013, and amending certain portions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) to include more oversight and transparency. Additional 15. H.R. 1932, the “Keep our Communities Safe Act of 2011,” was introduced by Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX) “to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to provide for extensions of detention of certain aliens ordered removed.” The bill would give the Department of Homeland Security greater power to detain undocumented immigrants for longer periods of time, in some cases indefinitely. It also makes the process of challenging detention significantly more difficult. The legislation’s 24 co-sponsors receive a (-). 7 House scattered across southern Lebanon during Israel’s 2006 invasion. AAI favored efforts that reflect a commitment to the territorial integrity and political independence of Lebanon and support for Lebanon’s state institutions and development projects. SP RI NG PA LE ST IN E LE BA NO CI N VI LL IB ER IM TI MI ES GR AT IO N SP RI NG PA LE ST IN E LE BA NO CI N VI LL IB ER IM TI MI ES GR AT IO N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 AR AR AB AB Senate 9 10 1 Jeff Sessions (R) - + Mitch McConnell (R) Richard Shelby (R) - + Rand Paul (R) - Mark Begich (D) + Lisa Murkowski (D) - + + - - - Mark Pryor (D) 9 10 + - + - - - + - - + + Susan M. Collins (R) + - - + Olympia J. Snowe (R) + - + - + + - - + + + + + - - + + - - + - Ben Cardin (D) - - + Barbara Mikulski (D) + MASSACHUSETTS CALIFORNIA Barbara Boxer (D) + - + + + + Scott Brown (R) Dianne Feinstein (D) + - + + John Kerry (D) - + + + + - + + - + - - + + + + + + - - + + + + MICHIGAN COLORADO - Michael Bennet (D) + - Richard Blumenthal (D) + - - Joe Lieberman (I) + - Mark Udall (D) + + + Carl Levin (D) + Debbie Stabenow (D) + + MINNESOTA CONNECTICUT + - + Al Franken (D) + Amy Klobuchar (D) MISSISSIPPI DELAWARE - Tom Carper (D) - Chris Coons (D) - + + + Thad Cochran (R) - + Roger Wicker (R) - - + - - + MISSOURI FLORIDA - - + - - - + Saxby Chambliss (R) - - + Max Baucus (D) Johnny Isakson (R) - - + Jon Tester (D) Marco Rubio (R) + - + - Roy Blunt (R) Claire McCaskill (D) + - MONTANA GEORGIA - - + - NEBRASKA HAWAII + Daniel Inouye (D) - + + + Mike Johanns (R) - - - + - + + Ben Nelson (R) - - - + - - NEVADA IDAHO Mike Crapo (R) - - + John Ensign (R) James E. Risch ® - - + Dean Heller (R) (06/11) ILLINOIS + Harry Reid (D) + + - + + + - - + Dan Coats (R) - - + Richard G. Lugar (R) - - + + - - + + + + Tom Harkin (D) Kelly Ayotte (R) + - - Jeanne Shaheen (D) + - Frank R. Lautenberg (D) - - Robert Menendez (D) - - + - - - + + + + + + + Jeff Bingaman (D) - Tom Udall (D) - + NEW MEXICO KANSAS - - NEW JERSEY IOWA Chuck Grassley (R) + NEW HAMPSHIRE INDIANA Pat Roberts (R) 8 MARYLAND John Boozman (R) Jerry Moran (R) 7 + David Vitter (R) ARKANSAS Mark Kirk (R) 6 MAINE Jon Kyl (R) Dick Durbin (D) 5 - Mary Landrieu (D) - ARIZONA Daniel Akaka (D) 4 LOUISIANA ALASKA Bill Nelson (D) 3 KENTUCKY ALABAMA John McCain (R) 2 + - + + NEW YORK Kirsten Gillibrand (D) 8 + - - + + + SP RI NG PA LE ST IN E LE BA NO CI N VI LL IB ER IM TI MI ES GR AT IO N SP RI NG PA LE ST IN E LE BA NO CI N VI LL IB ER IM TI MI ES GR AT IO N 4 - - 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 + - + - + John Hoeven (R) - + Sherrod Brown (D) - Rob Portman (R) - - + - - + - - + + + + - + + + Bernie Sanders (I) + + - + + + WEST VIRGINIA + + + + - + Joe Manchin (D) - Jay Rockefeller (D) - + - + - - + - - 3 Benjamin Quayle (R) 4 Ed Pastor (D) + 5 David Schweikert (R) 6 Jeff Flake (R) 7 Raúl M. Grijalva (D) + ST 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - - - - + - - + + + + + + + + 8 Gabrielle Giffords (D) ARKANSAS ALASKA - - + 1 Eric A. Crawford (R) 2 Tim Griffin (R) 9 - - - - - ON GR AT I ES 2 Trent Franks (R) - PA LE 1 2 3 4 1 Paul A. Gosar (R) ALABAMA IN E NG PR I GR AT I RT I IM MI LI BE N VI L LE CI TI ES PA L - Michael B. Enzi (R) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - - - - - + + BA NO NE NG SP RI AR AB 1 2 3 4 John Barrasso (R) AR AB S - + + ON - + WYOMING ES John Thune (R) + + + Ron Johnson (R) SOUTH DAKOTA - + + WISCONSIN Herb Kohl (D) Tim Johnson (D) + + - + + + - - ARIZONA Patrick Leahy (D) + - Jim DeMint (R) - + - AL Don Young (R) - Patty Murray (D) - 7 Terri A. Sewell (D) - - Maria Cantwell (D) Sheldon Whitehouse (D) 6 Spencer Bachus (R) - - + SOUTH CAROLINA 5 Mo Brooks (R) - Mike Lee (R) WASHINGTON + + Orrin G. Hatch (R) RT I - + MI - - - Jim Webb (D) + + - 4 Robert B. Aderholt (R) - BE + - - + Jack Reed (D) 3 Mike Rogers (R) + IM - + RHODE ISLAND 2 Martha Roby (R) + LI - Pat Toomey (R) 1 Jo Bonner (R) - IL Robert P. Casey, Jr. (D) House + VIRGINIA PENNSYLVANIA Lindsey Graham (R) - Mark R. Warner (D) - Ron Wyden (D) 9 10 VERMONT OREGON + 8 UTAH OKLAHOMA Jeff Merkley (D) 7 Bob Corker (R) Kay Bailey Hutchison (R) OHIO - 6 Lamar Alexander (R) John Cornyn (R) Kent Conrad (D) James Inhofe (R) 5 TEXAS NORTH DAKOTA Tom Coburn (R) 4 NO N + Kay Hagan (D) - 3 TENNESSEE NORTH CAROLINA Richard Burr (R) 2 CI V Charles E. Schumer (D) 3 BA 2 LE 1 AR AR AB AB Senate - - - 2 Wally Herger (R) 3 Daniel E. Lungren (R) 4 Tom McClintock (R) 5 Doris O. Matsui (D) 6 Lynn C. Woolsey (D) 7 George Miller (D) 8 Nancy Pelosi (D) 9 Barbara Lee (D) 10 John Garamendi (D) 11 Jerry McNerney (D) 12 Jackie Speier (D) 13 Fortney Pete Stark (D) 14 Anna G. Eshoo (D) 15 Michael M. Honda (D) 16 Zoe Lofgren (D) 17 Sam Farr (D) 18 Dennis A. Cardoza (D) 19 Jeff Denham (R) 20 Jim Costa (D) 21 Devin Nunes (R) 22 Kevin McCarthy (R) 23 Lois Capps (D) 24 Elton Gallegly (R) 25 Howard P. McKeon (R) 26 David Dreier (R) 27 Brad Sherman (D) 28 Howard L. Berman (D) 29 Adam B. Schiff (D) 30 Henry A. Waxman (D) 31 Xavier Becerra (D) 32 Judy Chu (D) 33 Karen Bass (D) 34 Lucille Roybal-Allard (D) 35 Maxine Waters (D) 36 Jane Harman (D) 37 Laura Richardson (D) 38 Grace F. Napolitano (D) 39 Linda T. Sánchez (D) 40 Edward R. Royce (R) 41 Jerry Lewis (R) 42 Gary G. Miller (R) 43 Joe Baca (D) 44 Ken Calvert (R) 46 Dana Rohrabacher (R) 47 Loretta Sanchez (D) + + - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + + + * + * * * - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + 49 Darrell E. Issa (R) + + + 50 Brian P. Bilbray (R) 51 Bob Filner (D) + + + LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N ON VI CI LE BA N PA LE ST I 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 + + + + + + + + - - - + 48 John Campbell (R) - NE IN SP R AB 1 2 3 4 45 Mary Bono Mack (R) CALIFORNIA 1 Mike Thompson (D) AR VI CI LE BA N 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - 4 Mike Ross (D) ON NE PA LE ST I SP R AB AR 1 2 3 4 3 Steve Womack (R) G LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N G IN House + 52 Duncan Hunter (R) 53 Susan A. Davis (D) - - COLORADO 1 Diana DeGette (D) + + + + + - - - - - 2 Jared Polis (D) 3 Scott R. Tipton (R) 4 Cory Gardner (R) + + + + + + + + + 5 Doug Lamborn (R) 6 Mike Coffman (R) 7 Ed Perlmutter (D) + + + + + + + - - - CONNECTICUT 1 John B. Larson (D) + - 2 Joe Courtney (D) 3 Rosa L. DeLauro (D) 4 James A. Himes (D) 5 Christopher S. Murphy (D) + + + - * + DELAWARE - AL John C. Carney Jr. (D) + + - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA + Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D) - + + + FLORIDA 1 Jeff Miller (R) + + + + 2 Steve Southerland II (R) 3 Corrine Brown (D) + 4 Ander Crenshaw (R) 5 Richard B. Nugent (R) 6 Cliff Stearns (R) + + 7 John L. Mica (R) 8 Daniel Webster (R) + 9 Gus M. Bilirakis (R) + 10 C. W. Bill Young (R) 11 Kathy Castor (D) 12 Dennis A. Ross (R) + + 13 Vern Buchanan (R) 14 Connie Mack (R) - 15 Bill Posey (R) 16 Thomas J. Rooney (R) - 17 Frederica S. Wilson (D) 18 Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R) 19 Theodore E. Deutch (D) 10 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - + - - * + + + + 21 Mario Diaz-Balart (R) 22 Allen B. West (R) + 24 Sandy Adams (R) 25 David Rivera (R) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - - - - - - + - 2 Sanford D. Bishop Jr. (D) 3 Lynn A. Westmoreland (R) 4 Henry C. Johnson Jr. (D) 5 John Lewis (D) 6 Tom Price (R) 7 Rob Woodall (R) 8 Austin Scott (R) 9 Tom Graves (R) 10 Paul C. Broun (R) 11 Phil Gingrey (R) 12 John Barrow (D) 13 David Scott (D) 2 Mazie K. Hirono (D) - + 8 Larry Bucshon (R) 9 Todd C. Young (R) - + + + + + + + + - - - 3 Leonard L. Boswell (D) - + 4 Luis V. Gutierrez (D) + 6 Peter J. Roskam (R) 7 Danny K. Davis (D) 8 Joe Walsh (R) + 10 Robert J. Dold (R) 11 Adam Kinzinger (R) 12 Jerry F. Costello (D) 13 Judy Biggert (R) 14 Randy Hultgren (R) 15 Timothy V. Johnson (R) + 17 Robert T. Schilling (R) INDIANA LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N VI CI LE BA N ON NE PA LE ST I - + 4 Tom Latham (R) 5 Steve King (R) + + - - + + - KANSAS 1 Tim Huelskamp (R) 2 Lynn Jenkins (R) - 3 Kevin Yoder (R) 4 Mike Pompeo (R) + + + + + - - - - + - + + - - - - - - - - - - 1 Ed Whitfield (R) 2 Brett Guthrie (R) + 4 Geoff Davis (R) - 5 Harold Rogers (R) 6 Ben Chandler (D) 3 Daniel Lipinski (D) 19 John Shimkus (R) + 2 David Loebsack (D) 3 John A. Yarmuth (D) - - 1 Bobby L. Rush (D) 18 Aaron Schock (R) IOWA 1 Bruce L. Braley (D) ILLINOIS 16 Donald A. Manzullo (R) G 6 Mike Pence (R) - KENTUCKY + + + 2 Michael K. Simpson (R) 9 Janice D. Schakowsky (D) IN 5 Dan Burton (R) 7 André Carson (D) + - - - + + + + - - + - 1 Raúl R. Labrador (R) 5 Mike Quigley (D) SP R 4 Todd Rokita (R) IDAHO 2 Jesse L. Jackson Jr. (D) AB 3 Marlin A. Stutzman (R) + 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 + - - - - - * - - - - + + + + + - 2 Joe Donnelly (D) HAWAII 1 Colleen W. Hanabusa (D) 1 2 3 4 1 Peter J. Visclosky (D) GEORGIA 1 Jack Kingston (R) AR VI CI LE BA N ON NE PA LE ST I SP R AB AR 1 2 3 4 20 Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D) 23 Alcee L. Hastings (D) LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N G IN House + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - LOUISIANA 1 Steve Scalise (R) 2 Cedric L. Richmond (D) 3 Jeffrey M. Landry (R) - 4 John Fleming (R) 5 Rodney Alexander (R) 6 Bill Cassidy (R) 7 Charles W. Boustany Jr. (R) - - - + + - MAINE 1 Chellie Pingree (D) 2 Michael H. Michaud (D) + + - + + + + + MARYLAND 1 Andy Harris (R) 2 C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger (D) + 3 John P. Sarbanes (D) 4 Donna F. Edwards (D) + 5 Steny H. Hoyer (D) 6 Roscoe G. Bartlett (R) 7 Elijah E. Cummings (D) 8 Chris Van Hollen (D) 11 + - + - - + + + + + + - - 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 MASSACHUSETTS 1 John W. Olver (D) + - + + 4 Barney Frank (D) 5 Niki Tsongas (D) 6 John F. Tierney (D) 7 Edward J. Markey (D) 8 Michael E. Capuano (D) 9 Stephen F. Lynch (D) + + 10 William R. Keating (D) + + + + + + + + - + + + + 2 Bill Huizenga (R) 3 Justin Amash (R) 4 Dave Camp (R) + 6 Fred Upton (R) 7 Tim Walberg (R) 8 Mike Rogers (R) 9 Gary C. Peters (D) - 10 Candice S. Miller (R) 11 Thaddeus G. McCotter (R) 12 Sander M. Levin (D) 13 Hansen Clarke (D) 15 John D. Dingell (D) + + + - + + + + + + + + + + 2 John Kline (R) 3 Erik Paulsen (R) 4 Betty McCollum (D) 5 Keith Ellison (D) 6 Michele Bachmann (R) 7 Collin C. Peterson (D) 8 Chip Cravaack (R) + + + - - - + + + - + + + 2 Bennie G. Thompson (D) 3 Gregg Harper (R) 4 Steven M. Palazzo (R) - - - + - 2 W. Todd Akin (R) 3 Russ Carnahan (D) 4 Vicky Hartzler (R) 5 Emanuel Cleaver (D) - - - - + - + + LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N VI CI LE BA N ON NE IN PA LE ST I + - - - NEVADA - - * - + - - - - - - - - + - 2 Dean Heller (R) 3 Joseph J. Heck (R) + NEW HAMPSHIRE 1 Frank C. Guinta (R) + 2 Charles F. Bass (R) NEW JERSEY 1 Robert E. Andrews (D) 2 Frank A. LoBiondo (R) + + 3 Jon Runyan (R) 4 Christopher H. Smith (R) 5 Scott Garrett (R) + + + + + 6 Frank Pallone Jr. (D) + 7 Leonard Lance (R) 8 Bill Pascrell Jr. (D) 9 Steven R. Rothman (D) 12 Rush D. Holt (D) 13 Albio Sires (D) - - * + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - + - + + - + + + + + + + 11 Rodney P. Frelinghuysen (R) + NEW MEXICO 1 Martin Heinrich (D) 2 Stevan Pearce (R) 3 Ben Ray Luján (D) + + NEW YORK 2 Steve Israel (D) + + 3 Peter T. King (R) 4 Carolyn McCarthy (D) 5 Gary L. Ackerman (D) 6 Gregory W. Meeks (D) MISSOURI 1 Wm. Lacy Clay (D) 2 Lee Terry (R) 3 Adrian Smith (R) + + + + + + + - - 1 Jeff Fortenberry (R) 1 Timothy H. Bishop (D) - - NEBRASKA - MISSISSIPPI 1 Alan Nunnelee (R) - AL Denny Rehberg (R) 10 Donald M. Payne (D) + - MONTANA + MINNESOTA 1 Timothy J. Walz (D) SP R 9 Blaine Luetkemeyer (R) 1 Shelley Berkley (D) 1 Dan Benishek (R) 14 John Conyers Jr. (D) AB 8 Jo Ann Emerson (R) + + 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - - - - - 7 Billy Long (R) MICHIGAN 5 Dale E. Kildee (D) 1 2 3 4 6 Sam Graves (R) 2 Richard E. Neal (D) 3 James P. McGovern (D) AR VI CI LE BA N ON NE PA LE ST I SP R AB AR 1 2 3 4 G LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N G IN House 7 Joseph Crowley (D) + + 8 Jerrold Nadler (D) 10 Edolphus Towns (D) 12 - - 9 Robert Turner (D) (09/11) 9 Anthony D. Weiner (D) - + + + + + + + 13 Michael G. Grimm (R) 14 Carolyn B. Maloney (D) 15 Charles B. Rangel (D) + 16 José E. Serrano (D) 17 Eliot L. Engel (D) 18 Nita M. Lowey (D) 19 Nan A. S. Hayworth (R) 20 Christopher P. Gibson (R) 21 Paul Tonko (D) 22 Maurice D. Hinchey (D) 23 William L. Owens (D) 24 Richard L. Hanna (R) 25 Ann Marie Buerkle (R) 26 Kathleen Hochul (D) + 28 Louise McIntosh Slaughter (D) + 27 Brian Higgins (D) 29 Tom Reed (R) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - - - - * + - + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 2 Renee L. Ellmers (R) 3 Walter B. Jones (R) 4 David E. Price (D) 5 Virginia Foxx (R) 6 Howard Coble (R) 7 Mike McIntyre (D) 8 Larry Kissell (D) 9 Sue Wilkins Myrick (R) 10 Patrick T. McHenry (R) 11 Heath Shuler (D) 12 Melvin L. Watt (D) 13 Brad Miller (D) + - + - + + + + - - - - + + - 16 James B. Renacci (R) 17 Tim Ryan (D) LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N G + 18 Bob Gibbs (R) VI CI LE BA N PA LE ST I ON NE IN SP R AB 15 Steve Stivers (R) OKLAHOMA - 1 John Sullivan (R) 2 Dan Boren (D) 3 Frank D. Lucas (R) 4 Tom Cole (R) 5 James Lankford (R) 1 David Wu (D) + 3 Earl Blumenauer (D) + - + 4 Peter A. DeFazio (D) 5 Kurt Schrader (D) + - 1 Robert A. Brady (D) - - + + + + + - 2 Chaka Fattah (D) 3 Mike Kelly (R) 4 Jason Altmire (D) 5 Glenn Thompson (R) - 6 Jim Gerlach (R) 7 Patrick Meehan (R) 8 Michael G. Fitzpatrick (R) 9 Bill Shuster (R) - 10 Tom Marino (R) 11 Lou Barletta (R) 12 Mark S. Critz (D) 13 Allyson Y. Schwartz (D) 14 Michael F. Doyle (D) - - OHIO 15 Charles W. Dent (R) 16 Joseph R. Pitts (R) - 1 Steve Chabot (R) 2 Jean Schmidt (R) 3 Michael R. Turner (R) 4 Jim Jordan (R) 5 Robert E. Latta (R) 6 Bill Johnson (R) 7 Steve Austria (R) - - - - - - 17 Tim Holden (D) + + + - + + + + + + 18 Tim Murphy (R) 19 Todd Russell Platts (R) - - - + + + + + + + + + - - - - * + + + + - RHODE ISLAND 1 David N. Cicilline (D) 2 James R. Langevin (D) + - + + - SOUTH CAROLINA 1 Tim Scott (R) 8 John A. Boehner (R) 11 Marcia L. Fudge (D) + 14 Steven C. LaTourette (R) + + + - PENNSYLVANIA AL Rick Berg (R) 10 Dennis J. Kucinich (D) 13 Betty Sutton (D) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - - - - - - 2 Greg Walden (R) NORTH DAKOTA 9 Marcy Kaptur (D) 1 2 3 4 12 Patrick J. Tiberi (R) OREGON NORTH CAROLINA 1 G. K. Butterfield (D) AR VI CI LE BA N ON NE PA LE ST I SP R AB AR 1 2 3 4 11 Yvette D. Clarke (D) 12 Nydia M. Velázquez (D) LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N G IN House 2 Joe Wilson (R) 3 Jeff Duncan (R) 4 Trey Gowdy (R) 13 - - - - - - - - - - - + - + 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 - + - SOUTH DAKOTA - - TENNESSEE 2 John J. Duncan Jr. (R) 3 Charles J. Fleischmann (R) 4 Scott DesJarlais (R) 5 Jim Cooper (D) 6 Diane Black (R) 7 Marsha Blackburn (R) 8 Stephen Lee Fincher (R) + - - - + - + + + TEXAS 2 Ted Poe (R) 3 Sam Johnson (R) 4 Ralph M. Hall (R) 5 Jeb Hensarling (R) 6 Joe Barton (R) 7 John Abney Culberson (R) 8 Kevin Brady (R) 9 Al Green (D) 10 Michael T. McCaul (R) 11 K. Michael Conaway (R) 12 Kay Granger (R) 13 Mac Thornberry (R) 14 Ron Paul (R) 15 Rubén Hinojosa (D) + 17 Bill Flores (R) 18 Sheila Jackson Lee (D) + 21 Lamar Smith (R) 22 Pete Olson (R) 23 Francisco Canseco (R) 24 Kenny Marchant (R) 25 Lloyd Doggett (D) + 26 Michael C. Burgess (R) 27 Blake Farenthold (R) 28 Henry Cuellar (D) 29 Gene Green (D) 30 Eddie Bernice Johnson (D) 31 John R. Carter (R) 32 Pete Sessions (R) - - - - - - - - + - + 19 Randy Neugebauer (R) 20 Charles A. Gonzalez (D) LL IB ER TI ES IM MI GR AT IO N G VI CI LE BA N PA LE ST I ON NE IN SP R AB + - - - - - - + - 1 Rob Bishop (R) 3 Jason Chaffetz (R) AL Peter Welch (D) + - + + - - - - - - + + - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + VIRGINIA 1 Robert J. Wittman (R) 2 E. Scott Rigell (R) 3 Robert C. Scott (D) + 4 J. Randy Forbes (R) 5 Robert Hurt (R) 6 Bob Goodlatte (R) 7 Eric Cantor (R) 8 James P. Moran (D) 1 Louie Gohmert (R) 16 Silvestre Reyes (D) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 VERMONT 1 David P. 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