COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR PSYCHOANALYTIC TRAINNG AND
RESEARCH
THEORY II: CONCEPTS IN EGO PSYCHOLOGY, OBJECT RELATIONS THEORY &
SELF PSYCHOLOGY
Drs. Halpern and Stern- Course Chairs
Drs. Glick, Graver, Ott, Richardson, Tillinghast, and Wasserman - Instructors
Drs. Brown, Chriss, Kenny & Park- Associate Instructors
Review of frames of reference from topographic model through ego psychology. The concepts
of ego psychology and object relations theory in both a historical and a current conceptual
context, including Freudian, post-Freudian, and current thoughts as well as controversialissues.
Includes both an integrative overview and in-depth discussion of concepts. The ego, self and
object representations and concepts of the self, and superego and ego ideal are studied in their
developmental, conflictual-defensive, autonomous-cognitive, structural, and
adaptive aspects. At the conclusion of this course, candidates will be able to distinguish between
and define the major theoretical concepts and include in their understanding the roles of
motivation, conflict, and unconscious fantasy. Readings in classic and current literature
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing
Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the American Psychoanalytic Association and the Columbia University Center for
Psychoanalytic Training and Research. The American Psychoanalytic Association is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical
education for physicians.
The American Psychoanalytic Association designates this Live Activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit per hour of instruction.
Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
IMPORTANT DISCLUSURE INFORMATION FOR ALL LEARNERS: None of the planners and presenters of this CME program have any relevant
financial information to disclose.
Thursday 1 – 3
SEMINAR
1
INSTRUCTOR
Course Intro & Overview:
Drive, Ego, Self, Object, Subject and Other
Ego Psychologists
2
Anna Freud: Ego and Defense
3
Hartmann, Kris & Lowenstein: Ego, Autonomy
and Adaptation
4
Hartmann, Kris & Lowenstein continued
5
Fenichel: Establishing a theory of technique
6
Arlow & Brenner: Uncs Fantasy & Compromise
7
G. Klein & Gill: Metapsychology Reconsidered
Dr.
8
Sandler: Safety & the Representational World
9
Schafer: Internalization
Klein and Early Kleinians
10 Abraham and Introduction to Melanie Klein
11 Klein I: PS/D Positions
12 Klein II: Envy & Gratitude
13 The A. Freud/Klein Controversies
Dr. Halpern
Dr. Glick
Dr. Glick
Dr. Glick
Dr. Glick
Dr. Glick
Dr. Wasserman
Dr. Wasserman
Dr. Wasserman
Dr. Graver
Dr. Graver
Dr. Graver
Dr. Ott
Kleinians Continued: Bion
14
Bion: Projective Identification, Containment &
Alpha Function
Dr. ott
15
Dr. Ott
Dr. Ott
Bion II
A Road Deferred
16 Ferenczi: Confusion of Tongues
British Middle School
17 Fairbairn and Balint; Object Seeking &
the Basic Fault
18 Winnicott and Bowlby: Self, Transitional
Experience & Attachment
Dr. Tillinghast
Dr. Tillinghast
Dr. Tillinghast
At the Border Between Object Relations Theory and Ego Psychology
19 Jacobson: Self & Object World
Dr. Stern
20 Loewald: Integration
21 Kernberg: Revisiting Klein & Jacobson
Dr. Stern
Dr. Stern
Further Developments in Kleinian Theory
22 Introduction to the contemporary Kleinians
23 Contemporary Kleinians Continued
Dr. Halpern
Dr. Halpern
Introduction to Self Psychology
24 Concepts of the Self and Narcissism
25 Self Psychology I: Empathy and Selfobject
26 Self Psychology II: Shame and Rage
27 Intersubjectivity: Selfobject and other
Dr. Park
Dr. Park
Dr. Brown
Dr. Brown
Attachment Theory
28 Attachment Theory I
29 Attachment Theory II
Dr. Graver
Dr. Graver
Oedipus: Different Perspectives
30 Oedipus Complex I: Freud to Loewald
31 Oedipus II: Kohut and the London
Kleinians
32 Oedipus III: Ego Ideal and Superego
An Integration
33 Integration I - Theory
34 Integration II - Clinical
Dr. Halpern
Dr. Halpern
Dr. Halpern
Dr. Stern
Dr. Stern
Early Theorists
Lecture 1
Course Intro and Overview: the shadows of object and self
Dr. Halpern
1. Freud, S Mourning and Melancholia (1917)
2. Greenberg and Mitchell, Chapter 3, Sigmund Freud: The Strategy of Accomodation, in Object
Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory, 1983, pp. 50-78.
Ego Psychologists
Lecture 2
Anna Freud: Ego and Defense
Dr. Glick
Freud, A (1966): The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense Hogarth Press.chapter 1-6, 9 &10
Waelder, R. "The Principle of Multiple Function". Psa Q. 5:45-62, 1936
Lecture 3
Hartmann, Kris & Lowenstein: Ego, Autonomy and Adaptation
Dr Glick
Mitchell and Black "Freud and Beyond", chapter 2 Ego Psychology p. 23-59.
Hartmann, H. Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation (presented in 1937 and published
in German in 1939 and translated by David Rapaport in 1958, pages: 8-12;16-21;23-27;3032;35;39-45;50-51;62;64;84;92-94
Lecture 4
Hartmann, Kris & Lowenstein continued
Dr. Glick
Kris, E (1957) “On some vicissitudes of insight in Psychoanalysis. IJP 37:445-455
Lecture 5 Fenichel: Establishing a theory of technique
Dr. Glick
Fenichel, O.: The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis, 1945, chapt.3 (23-32); 23 (569-589)
Lectures 6 Arlow and Brenner: unconscious fantasy and compromise
Dr. Glick
Arlow and Brenner: Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, 1964, IUP (evolving
work over 8 years -1956-64) read pages 1-83, with emphasis on chapter 5 – comparison ….p. 4355; and chapter 6 – regression…p. 56 -83
Lecture 7
Klein and Gill: Metapsychology Reconsidered
Dr. Wasserman
Please consider the following questions in doing your reading:
1. What is metapsychology? How does it differ from clinical theory? Why do Klein and Gill think it's
important to discard metapsychology?
2. How did Gill change his position in the 1980's and 90's from his 1954 definition of psychoanalysis when he
emphasized a)the neutral analyst, b) induction of a regressive transference neurosis, and c) resolution of the
transference neurosis by interpretation alone? In particular, how has he changed his views on the relationship
between patient and analyst and his view of transference. ( Hoffman pp.72-78)
3.in his final book in 1992 gill discussed one and two person psychologies- what does he mean by this and how
are they related to trauma and drive?( p.34) what is the role of alliance concepts in attempting to reconcile one
person theories with the clinical experience of the interpersonal nature of the psychoanalytic situation?( pp 40
-44)
Gill, M.M. (1976): Metapsychology is not psychology. In Psychology versus
Metapsychology: Psychoanalytic Essays in Memory of George S. Klein. Gill, M and
Holzman, P.S., eds. NY: IUP, 1976 (pp. 71-105.)
Hoffman, I.Z. (2000): Merton Gill: a Study in theory development in psychoanalysis. In
Changing Conceptions of Psychoanalysis. Edited by D.K. Silverman and D.L. Wolitsky.
NY: Analytic Press (pp. 47-87). Required, pp. 49-64, 72-80, 83-84 (remainder is optional)
Gill, M. (1994) “On person and two person psychology (ch. 3) in Psychoanalysis in transition.
Pp. 33-48
Optional:
Klein, G (1976): “Two theories or one?” Psychoanalytic Theory: an exploration of Essentials.
New York: IUP, 41-71
Gill, M. (1977): "Psychic Energy Reconsidered", J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assoc. 25:581-597.
Holt, RR (1989): The current status of psychoanalytic theory. In Freud Reappraised: A Fresh
Look at Psychoanalytic Theory chap 13 (pp. 324-344). NY: Guilford [originally published
in Psychoanal. Psychol. 2: 289-315, 1985]
Shevrin, H. (1997): Psychoanalysis as the patient: high in feeling, low in energy. JAPA, 45: 841864.
Lecture 8
Sandler :Safety & The Representational World Dr. Wasserman
Fonagy, P. and Cooper, A.M. (1999): Joseph Sandler’s intellectual contributions to theoretical
and clinical psychoanalysis. In Psychoanalysis on the Move: The Work of Joseph Sandler.
Edited by P. Fonagy, A.M. Cooper and R. Wallerstein. London: Routledge (pp. 1-29)
Sandler, J. and Rosenblatt, B . (1962): The concept of the representational world.
PSC 17:128-145.
Sandler, J. (1960): The background of safety. IJP 41:191-8.
Sandler, J. (1976): Countertransference and role responsiveness. IRP, 34:43-47.
Optional:
Wallerstein, R.S. (1999): A half-century perspective on psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: the
historical context of Joseph Sandler’s contributions”. In Psychoanalysis on the Move,
pp. 30-50.
Lecture 9
Schafer: Internalization
Dr. Wasserman
Schafer, R. (1968): Aspects of Internalization, chap 1, pp. 7-12. Chapter 2, pp 24-29 (skip rest of
the chapter)
Schafer, R. A New Language for Psychoanalysis, chap 1: pp. 3-9 only. New Haven: Yale
Unviersity Press
Schafer, R. (1983): The Analytic Attitude. Chapter 10 “The analysis of resisting”, pp. 162-182.
and chapter 11 “Psychoanalytic Interpretations”, pp. 183-192
Optional:
Schafer, R. (1959): Generative empathy in the treatment situation. PQ 28: 342-373.
Schafer, R. (1968): Aspects of Internalization, chaps. 6 (Identification: a comprehensive and
flexible definition) and 8 (The fates of the immortal object). Ct: IUP, pp. 140-180, 220236
Schafer, R. (1970): New Language for Psychoanalysis., chapter 13 "Defining Emotion as
Action,". New haven: Yale University Press, 271-293.
Schafer, R. (1983): The Analytic Attitude. Chapter 14 “Narration in the psychoanalytic dialogue.
New York: Basic Books, pp. 212-239.
Schafer, R. “In the wake of Heinz Hartmann. Chapter 1 in Tradition and change in
Psychoanalysis. , pp. 3-21
Klein and Early Kleinians
Lecture 10 Abraham and Introduction to Melanie Klein
Dr. Graver
1) Abraham, Karl. A Short Study of the Development of the Libido, viewed in the Light of
Mental Disorders (1924). In Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis by Karl Abraham. pp. 418-421,
442-453.
Note: You are reading two sections (Intro and Sec III) that are excerpted from a classic paper in
which Abraham surveys psychosexual development and it’s relationship to neurosis and
character. Try to think of “manic depressive” as states of mind rather that what we now describe
as an Axis I diagnosis. As you are reading, consider the following questions:
a) For Abraham, the “loss of the loved object” (remember Mourning and Melancholia) is of
great interest, both clinically and theoretically. What does he notice about patients’
reactions/symptoms in response to loss?
b) How does Abraham’s description of the oral phase (particularly the oral sadistic phase)
help us understand depression/melancholia?
c) Watch for important concepts which Melanie Klein will pick up and develop further, e.g.
process of introjection, internal objects, splitting of internal objects, understanding early
phantasies (particularly sadistic ones), and how all of this comes together for her as she
develops her ideas about the Paranoid Schizoid and Depressive positions.
2) Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein, second edition, Hannah Segal, Basic Books,
1974. pp. 11-16, 24-28, 39-42.
Note: These are written essays by Hannah Segal (a colleague of Klein’s and Kleinian theorist in
her own right) of her lectures teaching Melanie Klein at the Institute of Psycho-analysis in
London. She gives an excellent overview of the concepts. Use it to understand the concepts and
to guide you in reading Klein herself.
Lecture 11
Klein I: Phantasy, PS/D Position
Dr. Graver
Study Questions for Klein Part I
1)What is the difference between S. Freud's concept of fantasy and Melanie Klein's
understanding of Phantasy?
2) Describe how the ideas of internal objects and phantasy are related, and why this is so
important to understanding the Paranoid Schizoid Position.
3) What are predominant mental mechanisms used in the paranoid schizoid position and how do
they work?
4) What is the main anxiety in the Paranoid Schizoid Position?
5) Why is super ego formation a useful way to understand Freud's idea of internalization and
then to contrast that to Melanie Klein's view of internal objects?
5) What does Envy have to do with the Paranoid Schizoid Position? What is Melanie Klein's
model of pathology that is related to Envy? (we will also address this next week but you should
start to think about it now)
REQUIRED:
1) Klein, M. (1946). Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 27:99-110.
[on PEP WEB]
Notes: Focus on pages 100 – 106. This includes the sections titled: “Splitting Processes in
Relation to the Object”, “Splitting in Connection with Introjection and Projection”, “Schizoid
Object Relations”, and “The Depressive Position in Relation to the Schizoid Positions”
2) Klein, M. (1928). Early Stages of the Oedipus Conflict. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 9:167-180.
[on PEP WEB]
Notes: This is an early paper; take less time on this one, more on the pages cited above in the
1946 paper. Read this to get a sense of how M Klein is thinking about Oedipus. Questions you
should consider:
a) What evidence does MK have for thinking that Oedipally-linked emotions
(guilt,
aggression) are present in young children?
b) What does MK think is the most important trauma associated with development that
takes place in relation to negotiating the Oedipal phase of development?
c) For MK, W\when does Oedipal development occur in relation to the positions?
3) Jay Greenberg and Stephen Mitchell, Melanie Klein, Chapter 5: In Object Relations in
Pychoanalytic Theory, , Harvard University Press, 1983, pp. 119-130
Note: This is another terrific overview of Klein. Greenberg and Mitchell are deft and
considerate in making Klein approachable and applicable from multiple theoretical perspectives
(they are William Allanson White Interpersonalists)
Lecture 12
Melanie Klein II: Envy & Gratitude
Study Questions for M Klein Part II
1) Define Envy, Greed, and Jealousy according to M Klein.
What are the differences between the three?
Which is more active in the Paranoid/Schizoid Position?
Which is more active in the Depressive Position?
Dr. Graver
How does dealing with these experiences have to do with healthy development and what can be
achieved if they can be tolerated?
2) How does the child (or person) move from the Paranoid Schizoid position to the Depressive
Position?
3) What is the principal Depressive Anxiety?
4) Why is mourning an important part of the Depressive Position and what is being despaired?
5) How is the Oedipal situation described by Melanie Klein related to the Depressive Position?
6) What is the Manic Defense?
7) How does Reparation work in the Depressive Position?
1) Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein, second edition, Hannah Segal, Basic Books,
1974. pp. 67-70, 82-84, 92-93.
2) Klein, M. (1940). Mourning and its Relation to Manic-Depressive States. Int. J. PsychoAnal., 21:125-153. [on PEP WEB]
Note: focus on pp. 125 –138 – be aware that “manic-depressive states” is generally NOT
referring to what we now call Manic Depression as an AXIS I diagnosis but, rather, is her
description of aspects of the transition to, and experience of, the depressive position; read the rest
of the paper if you want more on M. Klein’s clinical work.
Optional:
Klein, M. (1952) Some theoretical conclusions regarding the emotional life
of the infant. In Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946-1963. London:
Hogarth, 1975, pp. 61-93
Lecture 13 The A. Freud/Klein Controversies
Dr. Ott
Bollas, C. (1993). The Freud-Klein Controversies 1941–1945: Edited by Pearl King and
Riccardo Steiner. London and New York: Routledge, 1991, 958 pp., $175.00.. J. Amer.
Psychoanal. Assn., 41:807-815. [on PEP WEB]
Note:
"This is actually a book review of a volume on the Freud-Klein Controversies by King and
Steiner. It gives a thorough synopsis of the book and as such provides a vivid and interesting
look at the personalities, the setting, and the history of the dramatic context in which the heated
debate played out.
Kernberg, O. (1969): A contribution to the eg-psychological critique of the Kleinian School” IJP,
50: 317-333. [on PEP WEB]
Note: "Kernberg gives a rigorous, though quite detailed, review of the main technical and
theoretical differences between the Ego Psychologists and the Kleinians from the 1940s on.
Focus on Section II, Summary of the Ego Psychological Critique."
Review:
"Please review Chapter IX, Identification with the Aggressor, in Ego and the Mechanisms of
Defense, by A. Freud, and Splitting in Connection with Introjection and Projection, in Notes on
Some Schizoid Mechanisms, by M. Klein. Both these were already assigned so just peruse them
again before class as we will use these to look at specific differences and similarities between the
two thinkers."
Optional:
Schafer, R. (1994). One Perspective on the Freud–Klein Controversies 1941-45. Int. J. PsychoAnal., 75:359-365. [on PEP WEB]
Lecture 14 Bion I: Projective Identification, Containment & Alpha Function
Dr. Ott
Attacks on Linking (1959).
Theory of Thinking (1962)
Study questions:
Attacks on Linking:
*What does he mean by link?
*How do you understand the idea of implicit hatred of emotions as he elaborates it in the
paper?
*What are the effects of attacks on linking on the development of the superego?
A Theory of Thinking
*How does he use the concepts of container and contained?
*How is he distinguishing normal and pathological projective identification?
*How does he modify Klein's concept of PI?
*What is Alpha function, and what are Beta elements?
*How do they relate to maternal reverie?
*What role does frustration play in his metapsychology?
Hopefully, you will give yourself time to read these papers carefully. They are notorious for
being difficult to read, but his contributions are important, and the yield is high.
Lecture 15 Bion II
Dr. Ott
Experiences in groups, 1961
Lecture 16 Ferenczi: Confusion of Tongues Dr. Tillinghast
Ferenczi, S.: "Confusion of tongues between adult and the child" (1933) in The Selected Papers
of Sandor Ferenczi, vol III. New York: Basic Books.
Lecture 17
Fairbairn and Balint
Dr. Tillinghast
Fairbairn, W.R.D. (1951) “A Synopsis of the development of the author’s views regarding the
structure of the personality” chap 7 in Object Relations Theory of the Personality. New York:
Basic Books.
Balint, M. (1968): Selected readings from Basic Fault: Therapeutic Aspects of Regression.
London: Tavistock, pp. 28-29, 11-23
Lecture 18 Winnicott and Bowlby
Dr. Tillinghast
Winnicott, D.W. (1960) Ego Distortion in Terms of True and False Self. In The Maturational
Processes and the Facilitating Environment
pp. 140-152.
Winnicott, D.W. (1949): Hate in the countertransference. IJP, 30: 67-94.
Recomended:
Bowlby, J. (1958): The nature of the child's ties to Mother. IJP. 39:350-373.
At the Border between Object Relations Theory and Ego Psychology
Lecture 19 Jacobson
Dr. Stern
Jacobson, E. (1954): The Self and the Object World. PSC IX: 75-124
Optional:
Jacobson, E. (1957) Denial and repression. JAPA 5: 61-92.
Jacobson, E.(1957):On normal and pathological moods: their nature and functions.PSC 12:73-13.
Lecture 20
Loewald
Dr. Stern
Loewald, H. Papers on Psychoanalysis. Cambridge: Yale University/Press, 1980
Chapter 1: Ego and reality
Chapter 13: Instinct theory, object relations and psychic structure formation
Chapter 15: Internalization, Separation, mourning and the Superego
Lecture 21
Kernberg: revisiting Klein & Jacobson
Dr. Stern
Kernberg, O. (1976): Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis, Chap. 1 (Structural
derivatives of object relations) and 2 (Normal and pathological development), pp 19-83
Lecture 22
Introduction to the contemporary Kleinians
Halpern
Dr.
Required:
Ogden, T, Subjects of Analysis, Aronson, 1994, Chapter 3 “Toward an Intersubjective
Conception of the Subject: The Kleinian Contribution Pp 33-48
Schafer, R. (1977). Introduction to The Contemporary Kleinians of London. Madison,
Ct: IUP, pp. 1-25.
Spillius, E.B. (1993): Varieties of Envious Experience. IJP 74:1199-1212 [on PEP WEB]
Optional Readings:
Spillius, E.B., ed. 1988. Melanie Klein Today, Volumes 1 and 2. London: Routledge.
Lecture 23 Contemporary Kleinians Continued
.
Segal, H . Phantasy and Reality, IJP 75:395-401 (1994)
Dr. Halpern
Joseph, Betty (1984): Projective identification: some clinical aspects. In Psychic Equilibrium
and Psychic Change. London: Routledge, 1989, pp. 168-180
Joseph, Betty, Transference: The Total Situation, IJP 66:447-454. [
Introduction to Self Psychology
Lecture 24
Concepts of the Self and Narcissism
Dr. Park
Required:
1,.
Kohut, H. “Four basic concepts of self psychology” (1979). In Search for the Self, vol 4.
Edited by Ornstein, P., pp. 447-470.
2.
Ornstein, P. “From narcissism to ego psychology to self psychology (1991) in Sandler,
Person and Fonagy Freud’s Narcissism: An Introduction, pp. 175-194.
3.
Kohut, H. (1966): Forms and transformations of narcissism JAPA
14: 243-272 [on PEP WEB]
Recommended:
Kohut, H. “Narcissism as a resistance and as a driving force in psychoanalysis” (1970) in The
Search for the Self, vol 2, edited by Ornstein, P. IUP, pp. 547-561.
Lecture 25
Self Psychology I: Empathy and selfobject
Dr. Park
Required:
1.
Teicholtz, J. : "Kohut's concept of the selfobject" (1999)in Kohut, Loewald and the
Postmoderns: A Comparative Study of Self and Relationship
2.
Kohut, H. (1971): The analysis of the self, pp. 283-293. “Miss F”
3.
Ornstein, P.: “Remarks on the central position of empathy in psychoanalysis,” (1979).
Bulletin for Psychoanalytic Medicine, vol. 18, pp. 95-108.
Recommended:
2. Kohut, H.: Introspection, empathy and psychoanalysis: an examination of the relationship
between mode of observation and theory” (1959) in The Search for the Self, vol 1, edited
by Ornstein, P. pp. 205-232
Lecture 26
Self Psychology II: Shame and Rage
Dr. Brown
Required:
1. Kohut, H. (1972): Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. PSC 27: 360-400.
[Helpful background for teaching or assigning:
Paul Ornstein, Chronic Rage from the Underground: Reflections on its Structure and
Treatment, Progress in Self Psychology vol 9:143-157 (1993)
Anna Ornstein, Fate of Narcissistic Rage in Psychotherapy, Psychoanalytic Inquiry 18:55-70
(1998)
Lecture 27
Intersubjectivity – Farewell to the Objective Analyst
Dr. Brown
Today we are going to have a bit of a crash course in Intersubjectivity Theory and what is often called
The Relational Turn in analytic theory. Fear not. You will revisit all of the writers in greater detail
later. My object for today is to give you an overview of one of the most important shifts in analytic
theorizing in recent years.
Intersubjectivity isn't a school of thought in the way that Self Psychology or Kleinian theory is. It's a
perspective that has been taken up by writers from many different schools of thought.Concepts of
Intersubjectivity theory can be found in the writing of Self Psychologists (Stolorow et al.), Kleinians
(Ogden), developmental theorists (Stern), Relational theorists (Mitchell and Aron), and more.We can only
read a few for one week, but there is a lot in the recommended readings for you to peruse later. And I
will give you an introduction to all the main players in class. Enjoy.
Today's readings:
The term intersubjectivity was introduced to psychoanalytic writing by Stolorow et al.They were self
psychologists who took quite seriously Kohut's principle that what we know in analysis we learn only
through empathic immersion.
The two papers you are reading for today both further their perspective on how we know what we
know. Hoffman is working at unseating the analyst from his/her position as an objective observer. And
Ogden is showing what we learn by allowing ourselves to be affected by the patient's subjectivity. Both of
these papers have been very widely cited.
Required Readings:
Hoffman, I.Z. (1992). Some Practical Implications of a Social-Constructivist View of the Psych...
Psychoanal. Dial., 2:287-304. - The Social-Constructivist perspective
Ogden, T.H. (1994). The Analytic Third: Working with Intersubjective Clinical Facts. Int. J.
Psycho-Anal., 75:3-19. - The American Kleinian perspective
Recommended Readings:
 Frie, R., Reis, B. (2001). Understanding Intersubjectivity: Psychoanalytic Formulations an...
Contemp. Psychoanal., 37:297-307 - The Philosophical perspective
But as a plus, it gives capsule summaries of Benjamin, Ogden, and Stolorow. So you can also just read
the parts that are of most interest to you.
 Goldberg, A. (1994). Farewell to the Objective Analyst. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 75:21-30. - The
Epistemological perspective
 Stolorow, R.D. (1988). Intersubjectivity, Psychoanalytic Knowing, and Reality. Contemp.
Psychoanal., 24:331-337. - The Self Psychological perspective
 Aron, L. (1990). One Person and Two Person Psychologies and the Method of Psychoanalysis.
Psychoanal. Psychol., 7:475-485. - The relational perspective
 Stolorow, R.D. (1986). On experiencing an object: a multidimensional perspective. Progress in
Self Psychology, 2: 273-279  Winnicott, D.W. (1971). The use of an object and relating through identification, pages 85-94 in
Playing and Reality.  Hoffman, I.Z. (1991). Discussion: Toward a Social-Constructivist View of the Psychoanalytic
Sit... Psychoanal. Dial., 1:74-105.  Benjamin, J. (1990). An outline of intersubjectivity: the development of recognition. Psa
Psychology, 7S::33-46 - Benjamin needs to be on any reading list of Intersubjectivity and Relational
Theory as she's been quite influential in these areas. A major part of her work has focused on the
development of the capacity to recognize another person as a subject rather than simply an object. In this
she's drawn upon Hegel and Winnicott's important (and difficult) paper on the use of an object (above).
 Spezzano, C. (1996). The Three Faces of Two-Person Psychology: Development, Ontology, and
Epis... Psychoanal. Dial., 6:599-622. -
Lecture 28
Attachment Theory I
Dr. Graver
Note:
* Please read the Fonagy chapter for the next two classes. It gives an up-to-date concept-based
assessment of where we are with Attachment Theory in the psychoanalytic world.
* If you would like a review of Attachment Theory history and concepts, look at the Arietta
Slade article (optional reading) which you have seen before in your child class last year.
Fonagy, P, Gergely, G and Target, M. Psychoanalytic constructs and attachment theory and
research. Ch. 33 in Handbook of Attachment, 2nd edition, edited by J. Cassidy and P. Shaver.
Guilford, 2008, pp. 783-810
Optional:
Slade, A. (2000). The Development and Organization of Attachment:
Implications for Psychoanalysis. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 48:1147-1174.
Lecture 29
Attachment Theory II
Dr. Graver
See last weeks readings
Oedipus: Different Perspectives
Lecture 30
Oedipus Complex I: Freud to Loewald
Dr. Halpern
Required:
Freud, S. (1924) The dissolution of the Oedipus Complex. S.E. 19: 173-179.
Loewald, H. (1979) The waning of the oedipus complex. Papers on Psychoanalysis. New Haven:
Yale, pp. 384-404.
Optional:
Fenichel, Otto. Specific Forms of the Oedipus Complex. IJP 12:412-430, 1931.
Sophocles, The Theban Plays
5/14 Lecture 31
Oedipus Complex II: Kohut and the London Kleinians
Dr. Halpern
Required:
1. Ornstein, A., An Idealizing Transference of the Oedipal Phase in Reflections on Self
Psychology ed. by Lichtenberg, J., Kaplan, S., Analytic Press, 1983. Pp 135-148.
2. Britton, Ronald, The Missing Link: Parental Sexuality in the Oedipus Complex, in
The Oedipus Complex Today, Karnac Books, London, 1989, pp 83-101.
Study Questions:
1. Define an oedipal selfobject.
2. What are the differences between transmuting internalization and identification?
3. What are the differences between oedipal and pre-oedipal forms of idealization
according to Kohut?
4. According to Kohut, what accounts for the “exalted position” of the superego?
5. What are the various ways idealization has been conceptualized within psychoanalysis? What
are the salient clinical differences among these conceptualizations? Similarly, how is
devaluation variously understood? How do idealization and devaluation relate to (oedipal) love
and hate?
6. What is castration within different psychoanalytic perspectives? Is there a “deeper dread than
castration?”
7. What are the most important differences between the concepts of deficit and conflict?
8. Does a selfobject transference imply merger and a loss of self-other boundaries and therefore
also imply that it is a pre-oedipal concept?
9. Where is the other in the self-selfobject matrix and what is the function of the analyst as other
in the analytic process?
10. What is the missing link?
11. What is the relationship between the depressive position and the oedipus situation?
12. What is the relationship between insight and the oedipus complex according to Britton?
Optional:
Meyers, H., The Oedipal Complex and Self Psychology: A Discussion of Paper by Dr. Ornstein
in Reflections on Self Psychology ed. by Lichtenberg, J., Kaplan, S., Analytic Press, 1983. Pp
149-161.
Abrams, S. (1984). Fantasy and reality in the oedipal phase. PSC 39: 83-100.
Michels, Robert. Oedipus and Insight . PQ. 55:599-617, 1986.
Klein, M. (1945) The Oedipus Complex in the light of early anxieties. Love, Guilt and
Reparation and other works, 1921-1945. London: Hogarth Press, 1981, pp. 370-419.
Feldman, Michael, (1990) Common Ground: The Centrality of the Oedipus Complex, IJP 71:3748.
Ornstein, A.(1993) Little Hans and his Oedipus Complex, Freud’s Case Studies: Self
Psychological Perspectives (ed) B. Magid, Analytic Press.
Teicholz, Judith, Chapter 6 A Dual Shift in Psychoanalytic Focus: Self to Subjectivity,
Analysand to Analyst in Kohut, Loewald, and the Postmoderns, Analytic Press, 1999 pp 115133.
Tolpin, M, Self-Objects and Oedipal Objects–A Crucial Developmental Distinction, Psychoanal.
Study Child, 33:167-184 (1978).
Kohut, H., Chapter 5, “The Oedipus Complex and the Psychology of the Self” in The
Restoration of the Self (1977) pp. 220-248.
Mollon, Phil, Impasse and Oedipus: contrasting Perspectives in Releasing the
Self: the Healing Legacy of Heinz Kohut, Whurr Publishers, 2001.
Lecture 32 Oedipus III: Ego Ideal and Superego
Dr. Halpern
Review:
Freud, S, (1923) The Ego and the Id XIX, especially pages 28-66
______ (1914) On Narcissism S.E. XIV especially pages 172-179.
______ (1917) Mourning and Melancholia S.E. XIV especially pages 237-253
Required:
1. Schafer, Roy, (1960) The Loving and Beloved Superego in Freud’s Structural Theory, PSC,
15:163-186. [on PEP WEB]
2. Sandler, J (1963) The Ego Ideal and the Ideal Self PSC [on PEP WEB]
Further Readings:
Loewald, Hans, Superego and Time (1962)
Hartmann, H, and Lowenstein, Notes on the Superego PSC 17: 42-81
Hartmann, Kris, Lowenstein, Comments on the Formation of Psychic Structure PSC 2:11-38..
Jacobson, E (1964) The Self and the Object World
Bergler, E., Curable and Incurable Neurotics
Freud, A, (1964) The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense
Blos, P (1974) The Genealogy of the Ego Ideal, PSC 29: 43-88
Sandler, J (1960) On the Concept of the Superego
Arlow, J (1982) Problems of the Superego Concept PSC 37:229-244.
Klein, M, (1933) The Early Development of Conscience in the Child.
Kernberg, O.,(1982) Chap. 2, Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis.
Meyers, H. Introduction. In Psychoanalysis: Toward the Second Century., 1989
Meyers, H. “Superego- too much, too little” presented at 14th Regional Council, June 17-19,
1988
Meyers, H. “Discussion of “Superego Analysis”, by Leon Hoffman. J. of Clinical
Psychoanalysis.
Lecture 33
Integration I
Dr Stern
Mitchell, S and Black, M. Freud and Beyond, chapter 1, 2 and 4
Lecture 34
Integration II
Dr. Stern
Mitchell, S and Black, M. Freud and Beyond, chapter 5, 6 & 7