Internal Conflict
?
1
Internal Conflict
Emotional + psychological
dilemmas inside a character as s/he
faces events
2
External Conflict
?
3
External Conflict
Outer obstacles found in
environment, other characters, or
society that trouble character’s
future
4
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
External conflict
Outer problems, persons, or forces that
trouble the character’s future
5
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Myths
Religious and/or heroic stories
involving supernatural events that
show eternal truths applicable to
mankind.
6
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Characterization
The process a writer uses to show us
character traits and qualities.
7
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Dialogue
Conversation between 2 persons
8
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Motivation/Motives
The reasons and conflicts behind a
character’s actions
9
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Tone
Attitude a speaker writes with: anger,
confusion, arrogance, joy, praise, etc.
10
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Mood
Atmosphere or feeling that a story or
setting evokes in us as we read it.
11
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Plot
The story: the sequence of events
narrated by an author
12
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Exposition
Part of story in which basic
situation/conflict is outlined
13
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Climax
The most dramatic, emotionally intense
moment in a story, usually tied to the
conflict presented earlier in plot
14
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Resolution / Denouement
Events following climax where
remaining issues are resolved
NO
15
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Foreshadowing
Planted clues that hint at events that will
occur later in the plot
16
Suspense
Holt, p 004
Anxiety or tension you feel about what’s
coming next…
17
Bildungsroman
A GENRE of literature in which
protagonist “comes of age”
developing morally, spiritually,
and/or emotionally.
18
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Flashback
Interruption in the present action of the
plot to explain previous events
19
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Direct Characterization
Narrator’s words and descriptions tell us
directly about the characters.
20
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Indirect Characterization
We must INFER traits of the character—
we judge for ourselves—without the
narrator telling us. We consider
character’s actions, words, and what
other characters say about him/her.
21
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 112
Protagonist
Main character
22
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 112
Antagonist
Character opposed to the main character,
even a villain
23
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Dramatic Irony
When the audience knows what’s going
to happen but the character doesn’t
24
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Situational Irony
When a surprise event forces a twist upon
expectations
25
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Verbal Irony
When someone (author, character) says
the opposite of what they mean (at times
sarcastically)
26
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 112
FLat, static character
(Usually a subordinate) character who does not
develop or change internally—or is onedimensional-- during course of story
27
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 112
Round, dynamic character
character who develops or changes internally –
or who is complex, fascinating, or multidimensional--during course of story
28
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Ambiguity
Situation in which circumstances are
“unclear” or interpretations can take
several paths
29
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Prose
Complete sentence written
language—as opposed to poetry
and versed writing.
30
B
ELTs: b
Synecdoche
a small part refers to the whole
thing
31
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Allusion
A reference in literature to a real
person, historical incident, or other
work of literature.
32
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Point of View
Vantage point writer uses to tell a story:
3 usual forms:
> 1st person
> 3rd person omniscient
> 3rd person limited
33
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Omniscient Narrator
Is all-knowing—he or she can tell us
everything about a story’s characters;
usually a more fair-minded POV than
other forms of narration
The two enemies stood facing one another for
along silent moment. Each had a rifle in his hand.
– “The Interlopers,” Saki
34
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
First Person Narrator
When narrator is a character in the story,
using “I, me, we, us,” etc. This narrator’s
POV is more biased than an omniscient
narrator.
35
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
3rd Person limited narrator
Uses s/he to narrate one character’s story,
but limits readers to what this character
feels--not all characters. POV is therefore
limited
36
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Voice
Language (diction) and style of an author
that distinguishes him/her from other
authors.
37
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Analysis
Breaking something down into its
basic elements in order to
understand it more deeply. Also
one of the key aspects of TEARS.
38
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Metamorphoses (-is)
Transformations that involve the
supernatural and help complete
the heroic quest or conflict
39
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Epic
Long poetic narratives that show a
hero who journeys, struggles, and
embodies virtues respected by a
culture
40
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Epic hero
Exceptional character on difficult
and symbolic quest facing conflict,
temptation, suffering and hopefully
homecoming. Virtue(s) required!
41
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Foil
Character in stark
contrast/comparison to hero;
dramatizes or reflects the hero’s
qualities through the comparison
42
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Homeric simile
A lengthy comparison using “like
or “as” between:
a) a supernatural
or heroic plot
event (gods,
miracles, power)
b) a familiar,
common situation:
animals, farming,
town life, common
folk
43
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Epithet
A repeated adjective phrase used
to identify a person or place. See
Holt, p. 950.
44
B
ELTs: a
Holt, p 004
En medias res
“in the middle” and thus a story (The
Odyssey) that starts in the middle of
things (Calypso, yr 7 of voyage home)
45
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Epic virtues
Moral traits required for the hero
to succeed in his quest. We studied
9 of them in the Odyssey study
guides.
46
ELTs
What word most conveys tone?
We had been given “free” exercise time and had
been ordered by our PE teacher, Mr. DePalma, to
“keep moving.” That meant that the girls should
jump rope and the boys toss basketballs through a
hoop at the far end of the yard. He in the meantime
would keep an eye on us from just inside the
building.
47
ELTs
What word most conveys tone?
We had been given “free” exercise time and had
been ordered by our PE teacher, Mr. DePalma, to
“keep moving.” That meant that the girls should
jump rope and the boys toss basketballs through a
hoop at the far end of the yard. He in the meantime
would keep an eye on us from just inside the
building.
ordered
48
ELTs
What tone is conveyed below?
Gail, the biggest of the black girls who had the other
end of the rope yelled, “Didn’t you eat your rice and
beans and pork chops for breakfast today?”
49
ELTs
What tone is conveyed below?
Gail, the biggest of the black girls who had the other
end of the rope yelled, “Didn’t you eat your rice and
beans and pork chops for breakfast today?”
50
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Diction
Word choices of an author or
character; can be analyzed for its
impact on meaning; connotation and
the level of formality are two aspects
of diction to consider.
51
ELTs: Diction
The best description of the DICTION below?
Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair. / It’s had
tacks in it, / And splinters, / And boards torn up,
/ And places with no carpet on the floor— /
Bare.
a. Descriptive, poetic
b. Assertive, courageous
c. Provincial, terse
d. Abstract, theoretical
52
ELTs: Diction
The best description of the DICTION below?
Sundays too my father got up early
And put his clothes on in the blueblack cold,
Then with cracked hands that ached
From labor in the weekday weather made
banked fires blaze. No one ever thanked him.
a. Descriptive, poetic
b. Bitter, indignant
c. Uneducated, obtuse
d. Eulogistic, grateful
53
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Connotation
The suggested, between-the-lines
meaning of a given word or phrase,
having positive or negative impact.
54
ELTs
Connotation
Which word has the most positive
connotation for the word important?
a. essential
b. key
c. main
d. vital
55
ELTs
Connotation
Rowdily: Which word means the same but
has a less negative connotation?
a. unruly
b. happily
c. loudly
d. boisterously
56
ELTs
Connotation
Which word in the following sentence gives a
negative connotation or tone to the sentence?
They may allege, "America's a free country
and it's my right to talk in public!“
a. free
b. right
c. allege
d. public
57
ELTs
Name the literary device
Once school started, I looked for Eugene in all my
classes, but PS 13 was a huge place and it took me
days and many discreet questions to discover that
Eugene was in honors classes for all his subjects,
classes that were not open to me because English
was not my first language.
58
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Allegory
Persons and event in a story are intended
to mean something beyond themselves.
Written to teach a lesson.
59
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Symbol
An object, event, animal, that stands for
itself and something else
60
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Pun
An often humorous word/phrase
that entertains by calling up two
meanings from the word.
61
B
ELTs: b
Holt, p 004
Sensory detail
Use of details that appeal to the 5
senses, the S-S-S-T-T senses.
62