Socioeconomic Factors
u Demographics
u Economics
u Public
Resources
u Infrastructure
u Land Use
u Relocations
Assessing Impacts to
Demographics
u
Factors Considered:
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–
–
u
u
Population
Age
Ethnic Groups
-
Educational Level
Employment
Housing
Except for housing, changes to the parameters
categorized under demographics are more sources of
potential impacts, rather than impacts themselves.
Identify Source of Potential Impacts
– Construction Related Changes
– Operations Related Changes
– Indirect Changes
u
u
u
Attraction
Interchanges
Determine Study Area
– Usually county or neighboring counties
Demographics (cont.)
u
Determine Existing Conditions
– Census Data
– County/Municipality Data
u
Identify Standard
– None
u
Impact Prediction
– Employment Related
– Attraction Related
u
Assess Significance of Impacts
–
–
u
Professional Judgment
Compare to Geographical/Temporal Averages
Mitigation
– Short-Term Housing
– Long-Term Housing
Assessing Impacts to Economics
u
Employment
Businesses
u
Identify Source of Potential Impacts
u
–
–
–
–
u
Direct Employment for Project
Indirect Employment (changes in demographics)
Direct Takings of Businesses Due to Project
Change in Access to Businesses
Determine Study Area
– Local
– Regional
u
Determine Existing Conditions
– State Data
– County/Municipality Data
– Field Survey of Businesses
u
Identify Standard
– None
Economics (cont.)
u
u
u
Impact Prediction
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Employment
Components and Phases Calculations
Input-Output Models
Multipliers
Businesses
Count Businesses Displaced
Increase/Decrease in Business
–
–
–
–
Sufficient Employees
Number/Type of Business Displaced
Percent Change in Business
Professional Judgment
–
–
–
Import Employees
Buy Out/Relocation Costs of Business
Signage for Business
Assess Significance of Impacts
Mitigation
Ripple Effect
Assessing Impacts to Public
Resources
u
Schools
Libraries
Hospitals
Emergency Services
Police/Fire
Social Services
Parks/Recreation
Municipal Workers
u
Identify Source of Potential Impacts
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
– Changes in Demographics
– Changes in Access
u
Determine Study Area
– Direct impact area and county
u
Determine Existing Conditions
– County/Municipality Data
Public Resources (cont.)
u
Identify Standard
– Urban Land Institute Guidelines
– State/Local Guidelines or Standards
u
Identify Standard
– Urban Land Institute Guidelines
– State/Local Guidelines or Standards
u
Impact Prediction
– Use National/Regional/State Averages
– Employment Related
u
u
Construction Phase
Operation Phase
– Attraction Related
u
Assess Significance of Impacts
–
–
–
–
u
Compare to Standards
Professional Judgment
Screening Criteria
Compare to Geographical/Temporal Averages
Mitigation
– ShortShort -Term Facilities
– Long
Long--Term Facilities
– Hire Additional Staff