ICES Publications
Word List
ab initio
baseband
catch per unit effort (cpue)
abundance-at-age
baseline
Cedex
Acknowledgements
Basin (Arkona Basin, etc.)
cf. (meaning compare)
acoustics (sing.)
beach-seine
ad hoc
beam trawl
Chair (not Chairman,
Chairperson, etc.)
ad libitum (or ad lib.)
beam width
adsorbed onto
Benguela
age class (age-class estimate,
etc.)
biased
age group (age-group analysis,
etc.)
age–length key, etc. (n-dash, not
hyphen)
ageing
allmani
allochthonous
along-front gradients, etc.
alongshelf
alongshore
analyse
analysis of variance (ANOVA)
anticlockwise (prefer to
counterclockwise)
anticyclonic
antifouling
a priori
Arctic
area (ICES Area)
ash-free biomass, etc.
autochthonous
Chinook salmon
Chi-square(d) or χ2
chlorophyll a (Chl a)
billion (specify whether 109 or
1012)
clear-cut
bioeconomic
codend
biogeochemistry
coefficient of variation (CV)
bioindicator
cold water (cold-water species,
etc.)
biomarker
coastal-zone developments, etc.
continental shelf
BioSonics
Continuous Plankton Recorder
(CPR)
blind zone
blue ling
cooperate
blue whiting
coordinate
bongo net
copepodid
bottom-set gillnets
copepodite
bottom trawl (bottom-trawl
sample, etc.)
bottom water (bottom-water
temperature, etc.)
cosponsor
counterclockwise (use
anticlockwise)
countercurrent
breakpoint
covariance
broadband
covernet
broodstock
cpue
build-up
cross section
bw d−1 (not bw.d−1)
cross shelf
bycatch
autotransformer
Current (Atlantic Current,
Coastal Current, etc.)
ca.
backscattering
backwater
Calanus
−1
data (pl.)
−1
−1
−1
cal g d (not cal.g .d )
databank
Cape anchovy
Baltic Proper (Eastern Baltic,
Southern Baltic, etc.)
database
carapace length (CL)
dataseries
bandpass filter
castnet
dataset
bandwidth
catch-at-age
day(s) (d); (5 d; but an 8-day-old
fish; fish were 7–8 days old)
bagnet
catch in number
2 |
daylength
daylight (preferred to daytime)
dead zone
decision-making/maker
deep sea (deep-sea species, etc.)
deep-towed transducer
deep water (deep-water species,
etc.)
de facto
density-dependent
depoliticize
ICES Publications Word List
Equation (1) (use parenthesis),
but not all mathematical
displays are equations
fold (no hyphen in twofold,
threefold, … tenfold, but 11fold, etc.)
Equations (1) – (8)
food chain
et al.
foodweb
eutrophied
footrope
ex ante
fork length (LF)
ex officio
Forsskål
ex post
forward-scatter (but backscatter)
extremum, extrema
f-ratio and F-ratio
eyespot index
freezer-trawler
freezing point
destratification
d.f.
digitize
dipnet
discernible/discernibly
division (ICES Division Ia, etc.)
downstream
downtime
Dr
drift ice
driftnet
dual-beam transducer
Dungeness crab
echogram
echo integral
echo integrator
echolocation
echosounder
echotrace
eco-label(ling)
eel farm
eelgrass
far field (far-field data, etc.)
freshwater – as noun and adj.
Faroe Bank
FV (fishing vessel; not F/V)
Faroe Islands (or Faroes)
fykenet
fast-flowing
fauna (pl.)
gases
feedback
Gdańsk
fibreglass
gillnet
fieldwork
gillraker
Figure (not Fig.)
glassfibre
Figures 3–7
gonadosomatic index (IG)
filter-feeder
goodness-of-fit
finfish
grain size
first-feeding
gramme (g)
fish (sing. and pl.)
groundfish
fish bone
groundgear
fisher(s), not fisherman/men
groundrope
fish-farm effluents, etc.
growouts
fish farming fishing
growth rate (growth-rate studies,
etc.)
effort (f) fishing
mortality (F)
fishmeal
fishoil
fjord
egg size (egg-size relationship,
etc.)
flatfish
eigenvector
flowfield
elasmobranch(s)
flowmeter
El Niño
Floy Anchor tags
e-mail
fluorimeter
endpoint
focused/focusing
ensonify (use insonify)
half-life
hand-held
handline
headrope
headwater
ha (hectare)
hepatosomatic index (IH)
highgrading
highpass filter
hook and line
ICES Publications Word List
| 3
hour(s) (h); (12-h period, etc.)
kHz
métier(s)
hydroelectric
kilogramme (kg)
hypertrophic
knots
metre (m, unit of measurement;
also centimetre, cm, and
millimetre, mm)
Kristiania
ice cover(age)
Krøyer
ICES Area
Lacépède
ICES Subarea I
land-based
ICES Subdivision Ia2
La Niña
ICES Working/Study Group
(capitalized when referring to
the full name of the group,
lower case elsewhere)
lanternfish
indices (not indexes)
infrared
in situ
insonify (not ensonify)
in-stream
inter alia
interannual
interarea
interdisciplinary
least-squares method
length-at-age
length frequency (length
frequency analysis, etc.)
life cycle
life history
lifespan
lightvessel (LV “Star”, etc.)
linefish, linefishery, linefishing
litre (l)
logbook
lognormal
interrelationship
longline
interrenal
longshore
interspecies
long term (long-term data, longand short-term data, etc.)
interstock
intertidal
in toto
long time-series
LV (not L/V)
lux
intra-annual
intraspecies
in utero
in vacuo
in vitro
in vivo
Isaacs–Kidd
Island (Gotland Island, etc.)
i(th) species
microlevel
micrometre (μm); (not micron)
ICES Division Ia
incoming
microeconomic
micronekton
microorganism
microsecond (μs)
mid-1950s, etc.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
mid-January, etc.
mid-ocean
midpoint
midstream
midsummer
midterm
midventral
midwater trawl
minute(s) (min); (10-min period,
etc.
misidentify
misreport
Miss, Ms, Mr
modelling
mole (mol)
monofilament
MSc thesis
multibeam transducer
m s−1
macroalgae
macroscale
Mann–Whitney
match–mismatch
maturity-at-age
MED POL
mediterranean areas
multidisciplinary
multifleet
multifrequency
multilayered
multiplexer
multispecies
multiyear
Murmansk (not Murman)
Mediterranean Sea
jackknife
keyword
Member Countries (ICES and
EU)
mesoscale
meter (measuring device)
n (not capital)
NAFO 2J + 3KL (spacing)
nanoplankton
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ICES Publications Word List
narrowband
overcatch
pre-war
narrowbeam
overestimate
preweighed
natural log (ln) (lognormal)
overexploit
proactive
nautical mile (not nmi)
overfish
Professor (spell out)
n.d. (no data)
overrule
program (computer usage)
nearfield
overrun(s)
nearshore
oversimplify
programme (except for computer
usage)
near-surface captures, etc.
overwintering
purse-seine
netplankton
netsonde
p, probability (not capital)
night-time
pairtrawler
no.
pairwise
non-
parametrize/ation
North Atlantic (Northeast
Atlantic, Northwest Atlantic,
but northern Atlantic)
parentheses
northeast, northwest (no hyphens)
northern cod
northern hemisphere
north–northeast, etc.
Norwegian Coastal Current
Novaya Zemlya
n.s.
numerals (spell out one to ten
except before measurements,
quantities, etc.: 3 mm, 10 l)
pulsewidth
per cent (%); percentage
per se
personal communication (pers.
comm.)
PhD thesis
phytoplankton (sing.)
Pielou evenness index (not Pilou)
quotes (use double quotes and
single within double: “ ‘ ’ ”)
r, r2 (correlation, not capital)
ratios (use colon not solidus)
reapply
recirculate
red giant shrimp
redirect
redistribution
redistributive
Polar Front
red sea bream (not Red Sea
bream)
Polar Water
refit
policy-making/maker
reintroduce
polychaete
reopen
polynya
resample
ocean-going vessel
post-hatching
ocean ranching
post hoc
research vessel (RV “G. O. Sars”,
etc.; NOT R/V)
offbank
post-labelling
restructure
offshore winds, etc.
post-larval
ringnet
offspring
post-smolt
rock-hopper(s)
omnidirectional
post-spawning
run-off
onbank
post-war
on board, but on-board sampling
(adj.)
poundnet
sAtot (total density)
practice (noun)
salinity (S); (dimensionless
quantity: use psu or no unit)
one-year-old (n.) (a one-year-old
fish; a fish that was one year
old)
preamplifier
ongoing
precaudal length (LPC)
onshore winds, etc.
precautionary approach
otter trawl
precautionary principle
outcompete
precondition
outermost
prerecruits
practise (verb)
prespawning
salmonids
saltfish
saltmarsh
salt water (but saltwater species)
sandeel
SCANMAR
ICES Publications Word List
| 5
scarelines
soft-bottom community
sublegal
scatterplot
sound-scattering data, etc.
sublethal
scoopnet
southeast, southwest (no
hyphens)
sublittoral
scuba
s.d.
s.e.
southern hemisphere
south–southeast, etc.
submodel
suboptimal
spawning-stock biomass (SSB)
subpolar, but Subpolar Front and
Subpolar Gyre
species (sing.: sp.; pl.: spp.)
subregion
species-specific
subsample
spillover
subsection
Spitsbergen
subset
split-beam echosounder, etc.
substratum/substrata
spring (not springtime)
substrate(s) (genetics)
sea ice
spring spawner (spring-spawning
herring, etc.)
substock
sea ranching
standard deviation (s.d. or σ)
sea age
sea bass
seabed
seabird
seaboard
sea bream
seafood
sea surface temperature (SST)
seawater
seaweed
second(s), abbr. as s
Section 4
semi-diel
semi-diurnal
semi-pelagic
sensu
setnet
shallow water (shallow-water
species, etc.)
standard error (s.e.)
subtidal
subtropical
swimbladder
standard length (LS)
standard seawater
state-of-the-art
states, US (spell out in body text;
use two-letter postal-code style
in authors’ addresses)
Station 3 (Stn 3)
status quo forecast
steelhead trout
Steemann Nielsen
stepwise
TAC (total allowable catch)
tallybook
tanglenet
Tanner crab
target strength (TS italics as
abbreviation and symbol), but
target-strength measurement
temperature (T)
three-dimensional
through-flow
Shelf (Labrador Shelf, etc.)
stereomicroscope
shelf break
stern trawler
shelf edge
stock–recruit(ment) relationships
short term (short-term data, etc.)
streamflow
sic sideband
Student’s t-test
sidescan sonar
Study Group (ICES)
side trawler
subadult
Simrad
Subantarctic
single-scattering data, etc.
Subarctic
size class
subarea (ICES Subarea IV, etc.)
tonne(s) (t); (metric; but long ton,
gross ton, etc.)
size frequency distribution, etc.
subcommittee
total allowable catches (TACs)
Skagerrak
subdivide
total length (LT)
slope water
subdivision (ICES Subdivision
IVa, etc.)
total-stock biomass (TSB)
socio-economic
subgroup
time (02:05, 14:05, etc.)
time-dependent
time-frame
time-lag
time-scale
time-series
time-step
time-trend
towfish
townet
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ICES Publications Word List
trade-off
vice versa (not italics)
wetfish trawler
trammelnet
virtual population analysis (VPA)
Whatman
transatlantic
von Bertalanffy (not cap v on
von, except at beginning of
sentence)
wideband
transcontinental
transpacific
trapnet
trawlnet
t-test, Student’s
windfield
windforcing
vs.
windspeed
warm-core eddy
warm water (warm-water species,
etc.)
waterbody/ies
UK
water column
ultrastructure
waterline
ultraviolet
water mass
underestimate
wavelength
underreport
wave number
underrun
wave rider
underutilize
wave train
underwater
wave vector
underway
weathership
update
website
upriver
week(s) (wk)
US
weight (wt)
USSR
weight-at-age
Väisälä
weight per age
vessel names (set off with double
quotes, not italic: RV “Scotia”)
Western stock (mackerel; cap W)
windstress
winter (not wintertime) winter
spawner (winter-spawning
herring, etc.)
working group
worldwide
x-axis
X-ray
y-axis
year(s) (not y or yr)
year class (year-class strength,
year-class-abundance
fluctuations, etc.)
year-round
year-to-year
yolk sac (yolk-sac larvae, etc.)
zooplankton (sing.)
Other usage
1990s
20 m min−1
1991/1992
20 mm net
1991–1993 (n-dash, not hyphen)
20 m depth; 20 m deep
19 July 2000
09:00, 20:05 (time)
19–21 July or from 19 to 21 July
(not from 19–21 July)
0-group (zero, not letter O)
1000; 1 000; 10 000. In text: no
space in a four-digit number
(1000). In tables and figures:
insert space (1 000). In text,
tables, and figures: insert
space to separate thousands in
five-digit and larger numbers
(10 000). Do not insert full
stops or commas.
69º21′N 19º06′E (space and not
comma between latitude and
longitude)
−2
2.1 g dry wt m d
−1
d−1, h−1, min−1, s−1, 1−1, year−1,
etc.
t × 10−3
Commas. Use the series/Oxford
comma before the and in series
of three or more names or
units (A, B, and C). Do not use
a comma before the and when
there are only two names or
units (A and B).
long-, medium-, and short-term
analysis (repeat hyphens)
-ize, -iza-, –izi-. Use z-spelling
(see Oxford University Press
dictionaries).
No apostrophe after ICES in
possessive (e.g. ICES address)
ICES Publications Word List
| 7
Prefixes and suffixes with or without hyphens
To determine whether prefixes and suffixes require a hyphen, for words not included in the ICES
Word List, consult the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) or the New Oxford Spelling Dictionary.
If OED doesn’t give the spelling of a word with a prefix or suffix, the following list shows OED’s
tendency.
These recommendations are not absolute, and care should be taken. Add a hyphen when necessary
to avoid confusion. Some words are hyphenated to distinguish them from other words that would
otherwise be homographs, such as “recreation” (fun or sport) and “re-creation” (in forensics), or
“predate” (what a predator does) and “pre-date” (to be of an earlier calendar date).
Generally, OED favours the following prefixes without hyphens.
along
mis
auto
multi
bi
over
bio (but bio-indicator)
pair
co (but co-author, co-host, co-pilot, cooccur, co-sponsor, co-tidal line, coworker)
post
de
eco (but eco-label(ling))
inter
intra
long
macro
meso
micro
mid (but mid-ocean, mid-January, mid1950s)
pre (but pre-date (be earlier in time),
predate (prey on), pre-war)
pseudo
re (but re-creation (create something
again), recreation (enjoyable leisure
activity), re-emerge)
stereo
sub
tri
ultra
under
Generally, OED favours the following prefixes with hyphens.
nonsemiUse a hyphen with “time-”, i.e. time-series.
Use a hyphen with “-based”, i.e. family-based.
Use a hyphen with “-wide”
8 |
ICES Publications Word List
Nets
Names of nets are written as compound words. An exception is bongo net (note lower case b).
Purse-seine retains the hyphen.
bagnet
setnet
covernet
scoopnet
dipnet
tanglenet
driftnet
townet
fykenet
trammelnet
gillnet
trapnet
poundnet
trawlnet
ringnet
Italics
The following are always italicized and without hyphen.
ab initio
in toto
ad hoc
in utero
ad libitum (or ad lib.)
in vacuo
a priori
in vitro
de facto
in vivo
El Niño
La Niña
et al.
per capita
ex ante
per se
ex officio
post hoc
ex post
sensu
in situ
sic
inter alia
status quo
Always italicize the x and y in x-axis and y-axis, and t in t-test.