WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
S
Balasubramanian et al.
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
JIF Impact Factor 6.041
Volume 5, Issue 9, 2102-2107
Research Article
ISSN 2278 – 4357
EFFECT OF WHEAT BRAN WITH EARTHWORM FEED ON THE
LENGTH AND WEIGHT OF FISH LABEO ROHITA
Balasubramanian S2*, Dharani B.1, Arul Prasad S.1 and Paramanantham J2, Revathi A3.
1
PG and Research Department of Zoology Thiru. Vi. Ka. Government Arts College
Thiruvarur-610003. Tamilnadu, India.
2
Department of PG Zoology and Wildlife biology, A. V. C College (Autonomous),
Mannampandal-609 305. Tamilnadu, India.
3
Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar Tamilnadu, India
Article Received on
19 July 2016,
ABSTRACT
Victory of aquaculture depends on healthy cultured stock. A disease
Revised on 10 Aug. 2016,
Accepted on 31 Aug. 2016
free healthy stock can be maintained by feeding live food. The live
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20169-7689
food organisms contain all the nutrients such as essential proteins,
lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids and fatty acids.
*Corresponding Author
The present investigation deals with the live feed (earthworm) and
Dr. Balasubramanian S
wheat bran fed fish Labeo rohita undertaken to the aspects of body
Department of PG Zoology
growth over a period of 60 days. The weight and length of the fish was
and Wildlife biology, A. V.
C College (Autonomous),
Mannampandal-609 305.
Tamilnadu, India.
highly improved when compared with artificial feed. The results
suggested that the live feed could be help to increase the body growth
developer of the Labeo rohita.
KEYWORDS: Labeo rohita- COWa - percentage change over wheat bran, COLFb percentage change over live feed- Wheat barn- Live feed.
INTRODUCTION
In commercial aquaculture ventures, feeding high-value finfish and crustacean species is one
of the most concerns focusing on availability of feed stuffs, their nutritional quality, cost and
economic returns. Among fish-feed stuffs, trash fish/low-value fishes are used as whole or
chopped in wet form, through fishmeal and fish-oil in commercial pelleted feed, and
sometimes as live fish. Generally, feed and fertilizers account for about 40-60% of the total
operational cost in semi-intensive aquaculture systems but feed accounts for 60-80 % (FAO,
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2007). Live food organisms include all plants (phytoplankton) and animal (zooplankton) lives
grazed upon by economically important fishes. (David, 2003).
Live feed enrichment techniques may also be an excellent tool for prophylactic and
therapeutic measures of fish and shrimp larviculture to administer drugs and vaccines to
culture organisms. Considering several factors, live feed remains the most practical solution
for larval rearing for aquaculture species. However, it is not easy to maintain a steady supply
of adequate quantities of live feed at appropriate times in intensive culture systems.
Earthworms are excellent food for cultured fish species; it can be used alone and in
combination with other foods. It is an important high protein component are used to feed
chickens, pigs, rabbits, and as a dietary supplement for fish species (Mason et al., 1992).
Among 36 earthworm species commonly available in various country, Perionyx excavatus an epigeic earthworm, is almost found throughout the year, and is a suitably potential species
for feeding roosters and fishes (Ali, 2002). The high reproductive rate and biomass
production of this tropical earthworm species make it ideally suited to worm meal production
(Edwards and Niederer, 1988). There are numerous studies undertaken to look for alternative
or protein sources in fish feed formulation. Hence, the present study to estimate on length and
weight of fish Labeo rohita fed with live feed as earthworm and wheat bran flar of Perionyx
excavates.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The fish, Labeo rohita required size (11-15 cm) were collected from Vivek fish farm located
in Maruthapattinam, Thiruvarur District. Tamilnadu, India.
Before experimentation, the fishes were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for 30 days,
during the period they were regularly fed with oil-less groundnut cakes.
Clean and
unchlorinated water was used during the study. The water was changed at twice for the day,
salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen content was observed as 0.4 - 0.5 ppm, 28±1
ºC, 7.4 -7.8 and 7.2 - 7.4 ppm respectively.
Experimental design: After acclimatization, the fishes were divided into three groups. Each
group consisted of 10 fishes. Group I was feed with wheat bran in amount of 10g/kg of fish
for 60 days. Group II was feed with earthworm slice for 10g/kg of fish for 60 days. Group
IIII was feed with combination of wheat barn and earthworm slice in 1:1 ratio for 60 days.
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Statistical analysis
The level of significance between different groups was based on one way Anova Tucky HSD
method by using SPSS package. The level of significance was chosen as p<0.005.
RESULTS
In the present study, The morphometric parameters such as length and weight of the fish were
measured during the study. The length showed that significant increase in live feed groups
and simultaneously slight increases were found in the wheat bran and wheat bran mixed with
live feed in equal ratio (Table 1). The percentage change over was high in live feed groups
following wheat mix live feed groups and wheat bran.
Table: 1 Changes (Mean± SD) in the length in fish, Labeo rohita feed with 60 days of
Wheat barn, Live feed and wheat barn mixed with live feed. (n=6)
Days
0 days
15 days
11.7±0.9
11.9±0.4
Wheat bran
11.7±0.8*
12.1±0.5*
Livefeed
0.00
1.68
%COWa
11.7±0.7*
12.0±0.7*
Wheat bran +Live feed
0.00
0.84
%COWa
0.00
-0.84
%COLFb
Mean ± SD (Mean of six individual observations)
30 days
12.0±0.8
12.4±0.7*
3.33
12.2±0.9*
1.66
-1.66
45 days
13.0±0.9
13.5±1.4*
3.84
13.1±1.2*
0.76
-2.96
60 days
14.1±0.9
14.6±1.3*
3.54
14.2±0.9*
0.70
-2.73
*Significant at 5% level of ANOVA
a
percentage change over wheat barn
b
percentage change over live feed
Table 2 showed that, the weight of the experimental fish during the study period. It showed
that, huge amount of weight gained in the live feed groups comparatively other groups.
Table: 2 Changes (Mean± SD) in the weight in fish, Labeo rohita feed with 60 days of
Wheat barn, Live feed and wheat bran mixed with live feed (n=6)
Days
0 days
15 days
25.7±0.7* 26.1±0.9*
Wheat barn
25.7±0.7* 27.2±0.7*
Livefeed
0.00
4.21
%COWa
25.7±0.7* 26.3±0.9*
Wheat bran +Live feed
0.00
0.76
%COWa
b
0.00
-3.31
%COLF
Mean ± SD (Mean of six individual observations)
30 days
26.5±1.2*
27.5±1.4*
3.77
26.9±1.2*
1.88
-2.18
45 days
27.5±0.8*
28.5±0.9*
3.63
27.7±1.2*
0.73
-2.80
60 days
28.0±1.4*
30.0±1.5*
7.14
29.0±1.3*
3.57
-3.33
*Significant at 5% level of ANOVA
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a
World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
percentage change over wheat flour
b
percentage change over live feed
Percentages changeover of wheat bran feed as control in 60 days experiment 7.14 % gained.
The whole period has increasing trend observed all the groups but slightly varied from one
another.
DISCUSSION
The live feed active more in fish and it enhance the protein and amino acids level
significantly.
There are numerous studies undertaken to look for alternative or protein
sources in fish feed formulation. The shrimp industry waste, soybean meal, aquatic weeds
are among potential dietary protein sources that have been documented.
However,
earthworm powder- based for fish feed formulation is rarely reported. It was reported that the
earthworm contains 60-70% protein and high in essential amino acid (lysine and methoinine)
compared with meat or fish meal (Paoletti et al.,2003). The same results such as earthworm
based feed increase the biochemical parameters of fish (Zakaria et al.,2012).
Earthworms are excellent food for cultured fish species; it can be used alone and in
combination with other foods. Earthworms with an important high protein component are
used to feed chickens, pigs, rabbits, and as a dietary supplement for fish species (Mason et
al., 1992: Hilton, 1983). Additionally, Hasanuzzaman et al., (2010) have been reported that
the nutritional potentiality of earthworm Perionyx excavates for substituting fish meal used in
local feed company in Bangladesh.
In this present study live feed fed over 60 days of experiment. The results showed that,
improving the length and weight of Labeo rohita when fed with live feed comparatively
higher from the wheat bran. Providing appropriate live food at proper time play a major role
in achieving maximum growth and survival of the young ones of finfish and shellfish.
Earthworm accelerates growth, improves sexual performance, stimulates the appetite, makes
feeds more attractive, so the animals come to feed better and waste is avoided (Sogbegn and
Ugwumba , 2003 ; Kosteka, 2006). It is obviously agreed that the production of live food
organisms continues to be a very important first step in intensification of aquaculture.
Nutritional status of live food organisms can improve the growth and weight.
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CONCLUSION
In the present study showed that the growth rate of fish Labeio rohita higher in wheat bran
with earthworm fed fish. Hence it is concluded wheat bran with earthworm feed is highly
effective when compare with other artificial feed.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest associated with this article.
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors thank the authorities of PG and Research Department of Zoology Thiru.Vi. Ka.
Government Arts College Thiruvarur, and Department of Zoology & Wildlifebiology A.V.C
College Mannampandal, for providing the facilities to carry out this study.
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