Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 90 (1997) 395 – 397
Erratum
Erratum to ‘‘Surprising diversity and distribution of spliced
leader RNAs in flatworms’’
[Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 87 (1997) 29–48]1
Richard E. Davis *
Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham Uni6ersity, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
The publisher regrets that there were errors in the abstract and Table 1 of the above paper. The
corrected abstract is printed below and the correct version of Table 1 appears on the following pages.
Abstract
Trans-splicing generates the mature 5% ends of certain mRNAs through the addition of a small spliced leader (SL) exon
to pre-mRNAs. To search for novel flatworm spliced leaders, degenerate oligonucleotides and 5% RACE was used to
isolate and characterize the 5% terminal sequences of enolase mRNAs in diverse flatworms. Several new spliced leaders
and their SL RNA genes were identified, characterized, and compared. All parasitic trematodes examined trans-splice
enolase. A primitive polyclad turbellarian, Stylochus zebra, also contains a trans-spliced enolase mRNA. The S. zebra
SL is the longest SL yet identified, 51 nucleotides. Comparison of flatworm SLs indicates that they vary significantly
in sequence and length. This suggests that neither spliced leader exon sequence nor size is likely to be essential for
trans-splicing in flatworms. Flatworm SL RNAs have unusual Sm binding sites with characteristics distinct from other
known flatworm snRNA Sm binding sites. Predicted flatworm SL RNA secondary structures show variation exhibiting
2–4 stem loops. Although limited in sequence similarity, phylogenetically conserved regions within the diverse flatworm
SL RNAs suggest that they are likely to be derived from a common ancestor and provide information on potentially
important SL RNA elements. The identification of a SL in a primitive flatworm suggests that trans-splicing may have
.
been an ancestral feature in the phylum. Representative species of other early and more recent clades within the phylum,
however, do not trans-splice enolase, nor do they or representatives of several other flatworm groups, have an SL RNA
with a phylogenetically conserved region identified in the current study. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Keywords: Trans-splicing; Spliced leader; Spliced leader RNA; Trematodes; Turbellaria; Tapeworms; Flatworms
* Tel.: + 1 718 817 3630; fax: + 1 718 817 3645; e-mail: [email protected]
1
PII of original article: S0166-6851(97)0040-6.
0166-6851/97/$17.00 © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
PII S 0 1 6 6 - 6 8 5 1 ( 9 7 ) 0 0 2 1 6 - 8
Host and sourceb
Frog lungs (Sacramento, CA)
Sea raven mesenteries/liver
(Woods Hole, MA)
Haematolechus spp.
Stephanostomum spp. (larval
stage= metacercaria)
Blue rockfish gills (Sebastes
spp.) (Monterey, CA)
Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda, Subclass Eucestoda
Hymenolepis diminuta
Intestine of rats (infective cysticercoids obtained from Carolina Biological)
Megacotyle trituba
Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Monogenea
Megacotyle trituba
Olive rockfish gills (Sebastes
spp.) (Monterey, CA)
Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Turbellaria
Stylochus zebra
Hermit crab shells (Woods
Hole, MA)
Free-living (Half Moon Bay,
Notoplana spp.
CA)
Dugesia dorotocephala
Free-living (Sacramento River,
CA)
Bdelloura candida and other
Book gills of horseshoe crab
triclads on gills
(Woods Hole, MA)
Phagocata morgani
Free-living (Carolina Biologicals)
Polychoerus carmalensis
Free-living (Carmel, CA)
Syndesmis franciscana
Intestine of sea urchin (Half
Moon Bay, CA)
Mouse intestine (Paul Nollen,
IL)
Echinostoma caproni
Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Trematoda, Subclass Digenea
Schistosoma mansoni e
Mouse
Fasciola hepatica f
Cattle/Sheep bile duct (TX and
CA)
Organisma
−
ND
ND
ND
Tricladida (Order)
Tricladida (Order)
Acoela (Order)
Rhabdocoela (Order)
Cyclophyllidea (Order)
Polyopisthocotylea (Subclass)
−
ND
ND
−
Tricladida (Order)
Monoopisthocotylea (Subclass)
+
NDh
Polycladida (Order)
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
+
+
+
+
+g
+
+
SL RNA and Gened
Polycladida (Order)
Allocreadioidea (Superfamily)
+
+
+
Fascioloidea (Superfamily)
Echinostomata (Order)
Echinostomatidae (Superfamily)
Plagiorchiata (Order)
Plagiorchioidea (Superfamily)
Plagiorchiata (Order)
+
+
Enolase trans-splicingc
Strigeata (Order)
Echinostomata (Order)
Classification
Table 1
Taxonomic classification of organisms, enolase trans-splicing, and identification of flatworm SL RNAs/genes
396
Erratum
Free-living (Woods Hole, MA)
Free-living (Sacramento River,
CA)
—
—
−
−
ND
−
−
ND
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
SL RNA and Gened
b
Adults, unless otherwise stated.
Host and locale of collection or source of organism.
c
From 5% RACE characterization of enolase mRNA and Northern blot analysis: −, Northern blot analyses for SL RNA negative using probe derived from 5% end
of enolase mRNA and +, Northern blot analyses for SL RNA positive using probe derived from 5% end of enolase mRNA (see Figs. 2 and 3).
d
Presence of SL RNA and characterization of SL RNA gene: – , Northern blots negative for an SL RNA using probes derived from the 5% end of enolase mRNA (Figs.
1–3) and consensus flatworm SL RNA sequence (Figs. 4 and 6), and +, Northern blots positive for an SL RNA using both of the above probes and the SL RNA
gene isolated and characterized (Fig. 4).
e
From [11].
f
From [23].
g
+, SL RNA present based on Northern hybridizations, but gene or RNA not characterized.
h
ND, not determined.
a
Phylum Cnidaria
Tubularia
Hydra oligactes
Free-living (Woods Hole, MA) Demospongiae (Class)
Free-living (Carolina Biological) Demospongiae (Class)
Phylum Porifera
Microcionia spp.
Spongilla spp.
Anopla (Class)
Enopla (Class)
−
−
Trypanorhyncha (Order)
Pseudophyllidea (Order)
−
Enolase trans-splicingc
Tetraphyllidea (Order)
Classification
Free-living (Woods Hole, MA)
Free-living (Carmel, CA)
Spiral valve of dogfish (Wood’s
Hole, MA)
Spiral valve of dogfish (Wood’s
Hole, MA)
Intestine of sea raven (Wood’s
Hole, MA)
Host and sourceb
Phylum Nemertea
Cerebratulus lacteus
Paranemertes peregrina
Genus not identified
Lacistorynchus tenuis
Calliobothrium spp.
Organisma
Table 1 (continued)
Erratum
397