Date Homework Due In Class Activities Homework Assigned Monday 4/1 Tuesday 4/2 Wednesday 4/3 Thursday 4/4 Friday 4/5 -­‐Finish Virus Posters -­‐Look up 1 hidden and 1 active virus. What diseases do these viruses cause? What happens? -­‐Viruses -­‐I Love Science Disease Activity -­‐How are diseases -­‐
spread? -­‐Read and notes on pages 292-­‐296, answer Q’s on page 596 -­‐Watch videos on growing bacteria -­‐Read over procedure for hand washing lab -­‐Read and notes on pages 597-­‐601 and answer Q’s 1-­‐3 on page 603 -­‐Immune System Worksheet -­‐Bacteria and Virus mini-­‐quiz -­‐Barriers to infection -­‐Hand Washing Lab Planning -­‐Watch videos on growing bacteria -­‐Read over procedure for hand washing lab -­‐Review Line 1 and Line 2 of the body’s defenses -­‐Hand Washing Lab Planning -­‐Hand Washing Lab -­‐Create data chart -­‐Read and notes on pages 597-­‐601 and answer Q’s 1-­‐3 on page 603 -­‐Immune System Worksheet -­‐Review HW -­‐Immune System Quick Quiz -­‐Diagram of immune response -­‐Watch videos on immune response and answer questions -­‐Read and notes on pages 292-­‐296, answer Q’s on page 596 Name __________________________________________________ Barriers to Infection Homework Re-­‐Cap: What is the difference between a pathogen and a disease? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What are the 4 types of pathogens that can infect our bodies? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What are the 4 ways that diseases and pathogens can be transmitted? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now that you are an expert on the human body and pathogen infections, draw a person in the space below and give that person a few adaptations to defend against pathogens. The adaptations should prevent pathogens from entering the body and causing diseases. Your body has ____________________ Lines of defense against pathogens. 1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The First Line of Defense: How might the following systems play a role in this line of defense? Integumentary System: -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Respiratory System: -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Digestive System -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name __________________________________________________________________ Hand Washing Lab Hand Washing Do you wash your hands frequently? Do you use soap? What kind of soap? For how long do you wash your hands? Observations in public rest rooms reveal that only about 68 percent of Americans wash up before leaving. Each year, nearly 22 million school days are lost to the common cold alone. Yet when children practice healthy habits, they miss fewer days of school. Thoroughly washing hands is the single most important thing students can do to keep from getting sick, or to keep from infecting others. The typical person’s hands contain millions of microbes. Most are naturally occurring and are harmless, but some may be disease-­‐causing germs. We use our hands constantly to interact with our world; they touch pretty much everything from food to doorknobs to pencils to keyboards that are all teeming with different types of bacteria and fungi. Our hands are covered with many small crevices in which these microbes can hide and find some of the “right conditions” to grow. When we handle food or put our hands in our mouth, we enable many microbes to take a trip into our inner body unless we wash our hands and other objects properly before they are used. In this lab you will investigate the how hand washing affects bacterial growth on our hands. Materials Different kinds of soaps: bar soap, antibacterial soap, foaming soap, moisturizing soap, hand sanitizer, scented soap Nutrient Agar Petri Dish Timer Sink Investigable Question: I want to have the cleanest hands possible, so which soap should I buy? You will compare 2 different kinds of soap, from the list above, in this experiment. Think about what criteria you would like to assess in the space below: Criteria to assess soap effectiveness: Hypothesis: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV: ___________________________________________________________________________ DV: ___________________________________________________________________________ Controls: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Procedure for hand washing – in your groups, set up your procedure for how you will wash your hands during each trial. 1. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Procedure for the nutrient agar: 1. On the back of your nutrient agar plates, divide the petri dishes into thirds with a sharpie (see image for example) 2. Label the different sections A, B, and C for your different conditions Section A: unwashed hands Section B: __________________________________________________________________ Section C: __________________________________________________________________ 3. CAREFULLY open the lid of the petri dish on one side, so that it looks like a pac man opening its mouth. DO NOT open the petri dish all of the way. 4. Have the two testers, with their unwashed fingertips, GENTLY place their finger tips in Section A of the petri dishes and hold them there for 5 seconds. 5. Immediately, close the petri dishes. 6. Repeat steps 3 through 6 with the other conditions and Sections B and C of the petri dish 7. When you are done, tape the petri dish shut and turn it upside down. Data Chart: on a separate sheet of paper, create a data chart for your experiment. Name ____________________________________________________ The HB Fortress In the space below, please list the three lines of defense that the body has to help defend itself from pathogens. 1. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________________ Oh no! The evil pathogens are attempting to attack the human body fortress (play suspenseful music here). Luckily, the HB Fortress is prepared for such an attack and has three solid lines of defense to keep the pathogens out. Line 1: The first line of defense is BARRIERS to infection. These barriers prevent germs from entering the body and infecting body cells. As you started thinking about this yesterday continue brainstorming how the following systems could be barriers to germs. Integumentary System: -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Respiratory System: -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Digestive System -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Line 2: The INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE can be thought of as the WARRIORS. Once the barriers are breached in the HB Fortress the warriors have to come into the battle. These warriors take out anything in their path! What is happening? Fever -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -­‐ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name _________________________________________________ Immune System Quick Quiz: 1. The body has specific and general and specific responses to infection. What are they? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Some white blood cells eat invading pathogens. What are they called? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. An antibody is created by __________________________________________________________ and attaches to the _______________________________________________ of a pathogen. 4. Which of these is NOT a type of Lymphocyte: -­‐B Cell -­‐P Cell -­‐C Cell -­‐T Cell 5. Antibodies interfere with pathogen functioning in a few ways. Name 1 way that they do this: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is an antigen? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ *************************************************************************************************** Why do we say that the immune response is specialized? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Important Cell/Molecule Job Antigen T Cell Receptor T Cell Helper T Cell Cytotoxic T Cell B Cell Antibody Memory B Cell Name ______________________________________________ Video # 1: “Immune Response” 1. What are the most important types of Lymphocytes in the immune response? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where do we find antigens on cells? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What happens when Lymphocytes encounter their specific antigens? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What do B Cells do? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What do T Helper Cells do? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What do Cytotoxic T Cells do? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How long can memory cells remain in circulation? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Summarize the graph in 2 sentences. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Video #2: “What are Antibodies?” Handwritten Tutorials 1. What cell produces antibodies? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What shape is an antibody? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Antibodies are also known as _______________________________________________________________ 4.Where are B Cells produced? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.How many antibodies does a B Cell produce? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What can we say about the antibodies produced by B Cell #1 and B Cell #2? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How are antibodies and pathogens like the locks and keys just like the virus binding proteins and host cell surface proteins? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. When he says “epitopes”, what is he referring to? What term have you heard it called by? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Video #3: Cell Mediated Immunity – ONLY watch until 4.58 1. What is “cell mediated immunity?” _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does an infected host cell do to let the immune system know that a virus has attacked it? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What does she mean by the “correctly fitting” Helper and Cytotoxic T Cells? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Once the Cytotoxic T Cell is stimulated, what does it do? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why do we have a sore throat when we have a virus? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are Memory T Cells? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Why don’t we get the chicken pox twice? How do the Memory T cells help? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Using your notes, how do Memory B Cells help? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________