Peptidyl
Arginine
Deiminase (PAD)
enzyme
products
Introduction
PAD enzymes are transcriptional co-regulators that
catalyze the calcium dependent conversion of
specific arginine residues, present in for example
histones and other proteins, to citrulline.
In diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis and
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) PAD enzymes seem to
be deregulated. For instance in RA, these enzymes
become active when they exit the cell in regions
of joint inflammation where they subsequently
deiminate arginine residues present in proteins
such as vimentin and fibrinogen. The level of PAD
activity has been correlated with RA severity. Q
Monoclonal Antibody Technology
Recombinant human and mouse PAD
enzymes & antibodies
Antibody Based Assay for Peptidyl Arginine
Deiminase (PAD) activity determination
(ABAP)
ModiQuest Research provides purified recombinant human
and mouse Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase (PAD) enzymes for
ModiQuest Research has developed a highly sensitive Anti-
research applications. Antibodies recognizing deiminated
body Based Assay to test for Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase
peptides and proteins are also available.
(PAD) activity (ABAP). The ABAP is an Enzyme Linked-ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) for the determination of PAD enzyme
PAD enzymes can be used for the deimination of cell lysates
activity in cell and tissue lysates (Fig. 2).
and proteins which will facilitate the proteomic analysis and
identification of compounds that may be involved in the
The ABAP test is also very suitable for determining PAD acti-
ontogeny of various autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid
vity of purified recombinant PAD enzymes (Fig. 1) used in
Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis. The different recombinant
various bioassays.
PAD enzymes
available can be incorporated in the PAD
enzyme acitivity assay described below (Fig. 1).
The ModiQuest Research ABAP test is a powerful method to
rapidly screen for PAD activity. Compared to currently used
assays for PAD activity determination, such as the DAMO BAEE
conversion test, the ModiQuest Research ABAP assay is more
robust, and at least 500 times more sensitive.
Specifications:
Specifi
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The (#)
ABAP kit consists of:
huPAD4 (cat # MQ-18.102)
(
1) 96-well
plate coated with arginine containing peptides.
huPAD3 (cat # MQ-18.103)
2) A'#/ModiQuest Research mouse PAD enzyme for activity
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Recombinant human PAD enzymes available:
Recombinant mouse PAD enzymes available:
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calibration.
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3) a proprietary ModiQuest Research HRP-labelled mono-
msPAD2 (cat # MQ-18.201)
clonal antibody specifically binding deiminated arginine
msPAD4 (cat # MQ-18.202)
containing peptides.
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FIGURE 1
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Increasing
amounts of recombinant human or mouse PAD have been added
(#to ABAP-plates
in the
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detection(#)
of increasing amounts of citrulline-peptides. Addition
of EDTA
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FIGURE 2
Detection of PAD activity in different mouse tissue samples. One microliter
of tissue lysate was used in either a calcium-containing (- EDTA) or an
EDTA-control (+ EDTA) reaction. PAD activities were monitored by standard
ABAP procedures.
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