TOURISM 2016
TOURISM 2016
International Conference
on Global Tourism and Sustainability
Book of Abstracts
Lagos, Portugal
14-16 October
Edited by
Sérgio Lira
Ana Mano
Cristina Pinheiro
Rogério Amoêda
TOURISM 2016
International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
Book of Abstracts
Edited by
Sérgio Lira, Ana Mano, Cristina Pinheiro & Rogério Amoêda
Cover photo: Meia Praia Beach, Lagos (Photo credit: Municipality of Lagos)
© 2016 The Editors and the Authors
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, without prior written permission from the Publisher.
ISBN 978-989-8734-19-8
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1st edition, October 2016
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The Editors and the Publisher are not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
Book of Abstracts
v
Foreword
TOURISM 2016 – International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability aimed at discussing the role of tourism with reference to the adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda, namely the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Tourism Organization
(UNTWO) emphasizes the role of tourism regarding the SDGs related to inclusive and sustainable economic growth (Goal 8), sustainable consumption and production (Goal 12), and the sustainable use of oceans and marine resources (Goal 14) (UNTWO, 2015). However, as stated in
the same document, as a global activity, tourism has a broader influence on sustainability goals
and may contribute to the implementation of all SDGs by improving human and communities’
welfare; reducing poverty and hunger; improving countries development as well as citizens’
equality, health, education and inclusivity; promoting the preservation of cultural identities and
cultural and natural heritage; contributing to gender equality; ensuring access to resources (water, energy) and food in an affordable way, as well as sustainable production and consumption;
promoting partnerships, economic growth and fair work; building low impact infrastructures;
reducing actions and procedures that contribute to climate change and protecting terrestrial and
oceanic ecosystems.
Thus, the commitment of tourism activities with sustainability goals endorses new ways of
thinking, planning and managing tourism activities. Awareness on these questions embraces all
the actors (politicians, investors, companies and citizens) that may decide, from their different
standpoints, on how to take the road of sustainability. Travelling in the future, for instance, will
be more demanding regarding sustainability goals and will certainly change the paradigm of
tourism. Tourism sustainability goals will certainly bring many changes, from the way tourists
travel, the way infrastructures are built, the way local people interact with visitors, or the way
urban and rural landscapes and natural areas accommodate the flow of tourists. Tourism is not,
and should not be conceived as, a ‘gold mine’ but may be part of the solution for local and re-
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S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
gional development, for natural and cultural preservation and for bringing closer different people, thus paving the way for a more equal and conscious global community.
The variety and quality of papers presented and published allow a final and positive balance.
Double-blind peer-review of papers applied and the number of definitive rejections was relatively low, confirming the over-all high quality of submitted material.
A special chapter was included on Tourism in areas of post disaster and post conflict scenarios. Papers on this special chapter proved the decision right and these contributions opened a vast
field of fertile discussion.
This Conference also gave stage to early stage researchers and students willing to share the
results of their research projects, namely post-graduation projects and doctoral projects. Tourism 2016 received a significant number of such proposals the quality of which was confirmed
during double-blind review.
The Editors and the Organising Committee would like to express their gratefulness to all the
partners and sponsors of this Conference who joined their efforts to make a significant event.
Our special word of recognition to the Municipality of Lagos fort its substancial support making
possible this event. Also our thank to IDTOUR, Portuguese Association of Travel and Tourism
Agencies and Tourism and Green Stays, partners of the conference.
The Editors and the Organising Committee also express their gratitude to all Members of the
Scientific Committee who reviewed the papers and made suggestions that improved the quality
of individual work and the over-all quality of the event.
The Editors
Sérgio Lira
Ana Mano
Cristina Pinheiro
Rogério Amoêda
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
Book of Abstracts
Organizing Committee
Sérgio Lira
Ana Mano
Cristina Pinheiro
Rogério Amoêda
vii
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S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
Book
of Abstracts
Scientific Committee
Anna Winther
Cheng Li
Ekomuseum Atradalen, Sweden
Sichuan University, China
Antonia Noussia
Colin Michael Hall
London South Bank University, United Kingdom
University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Arwel Jones
Dimitrios Buhalis
Arwel Jones Associates, United Kingdom
Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
Bill Bramwell
Dragana Lucija
Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom
Muze, Croatia
Brian Osborne
E. Wanda George
Queen's University, Canada
Mount Saint Vincent University, Canada
Carla Almeida Santos
Elisabete Figueiredo
University of Illinois, USA
University of Aveiro & GOVCOPP, Portugal
Carla Pinto Cardoso
Elisabeth Kastenholz
Portuguese Catholic University, Portugal
University of Aveiro & GOVCOPP, Portugal
Carmine Falasca
Erik Cohen
University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Italy
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Celeste Eusébio
Eunice Lopes
University of Aveiro & GOVCOPP, Portugal
Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Portugal
ix
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S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.) Gerard Corsane
Richard Butler
Newcastle University, United Kingdom
Universit of Stratchlyde, United Kingdom
Haywantee Ramkissoon
Roy Jones
Curtin University, Australia
Curtin University of Technology, Australia
Joana Lima
Rui Augusto da Costa
Portucalense University
& University of Aveiro/GOVCOPP, Portugal
University of Aveiro/GOVCOPP, Portugal
John Tunbridge
Sidney Cheung
Carleton University, Canada
Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
Júlio Mendes
Susanne Becken
University of Algarve, Portugal
Griffith University, Australia
Maria João Carneiro
Tazim Jamal
University of Aveiro/GOVCOPP, Portugal
Texas A&M University, USA
Marko Košþak
Zelia Breda
University of Maribor, Slovenia
University of Aveiro, Portugal
Noel Salazar
KU Leuven, Belgium
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Partners
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Contents
Foreword
Organizing Committee
v
viii
Scientific Committee
ix
Partners
xi
Contents
xiii
Papers
The tourism diversification in French ski resorts: which effective drivers for a sustainable tourism in
mountain?
3
C. Achin & E. George-Marcelpoil
Post-disaster reconstruction: possibilities for community-based tourism in the perception of residents
of Bento Rodrigues, Brazil
4
K. S. Alves
The development of surf tourism and its impact on the sustainable development of a coastal
destination: the case of Matosinhos
5
C. Araújo, F. Martins & Z. Breda
Tourist building´s energy efficiency at Macaronesian Archipielagos
6
M. E. Armas, V. Cabrera & R. Santana
Are European tourists satisfied with destination inclusive practices?
S. Avelar, F. Tiago, J. P. Couto, S. D. Faria & T. Tiago
7
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S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Research review on cycle tourism and the potential promotion of sustainable mobility. Initial
implementations in Greece
8
E. Bakogiannis, M. Siti, C. Kyriakidis & G. Christodoulopoulou
Sustainable approach to tourism development in the Danube region in Serbia
9
J. Basariü & S. Milijiü
Existential tourism in Peru’s highlands through missionary activities
10
P. J. Bouzan & S. Doganer
Tourism and Cultural Diplomacy: a new alliance for intercultural dialogue and peace through tourism
11
F. Carbone
The spatialities of Community-Based Tourism in Brazil: an analysis of a successful case (region of
Cariri, Ceará) and of a non-touristic region, however with diffuse initiatives (Santa Cruz's Farm
territory, Rio de Janeiro)
12
D. S. Cardoso
Change as a benefit from travelling: for me, for me & you or for all? – A case study among students
studying in the Netherlands
13
E. Cavagnaro & S. Staffieri
How much is too much green in hospitality?
14
J. L. Cogumbreiro, F. Tiago, J. P. Couto, S. D. Faria & T. Tiago
Project 505 and Objekat Arc
15
N. Cridge
Conservation and education through Eco-tourism: utilizing vessels for data collection and
development of sustainable management practices
16
J. J. Currie, S. H. Stack, J. A. McCordic & G. D. Kaufman
Inclusive cities to live and to visit: Portuguese urban accessibility policies (2006-2016)
17
S. Di Salvatore
The touristic reuse of the historical abandoned heritage as a strategic goal of the rebuilding after the
earthquake
18
C. C. Falasca & A. Gigante
Ecotourism in Balaton Uplands National Park - balancing tourism and nature protection in fragile
ecosystems
19
É. Fejes
Tourism and racial storytelling in Montgomery, Alabama:inclusion or white supremacy?
20
A. L. Ferber
Slow Tourism: sustainability for products and destinations
21
P. Ferreira, C. Seabra & C. Barroco
Urban tourism. A comparison with Anglo-American experiences for the regeneration of the historic
centre of Cagliari
22
C. Giannattasio, E. Pilia & A. Pinna
Public perceptions of place character in Australian coastal towns experiencing rapid tourism
development
R. J. Green
23
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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Eco-cultural empowerment, gender equity and collaborative enterprise in La Cuadrilla, Mexico
xv
24
T. Jamal, C. Budke & I. B. Bribiesca
Socioeconomic unsustainability to environmental unsustainability? The trajectory of tourism in
Australia’s south west corner
25
R. Jones
Re-evaluating a strategic model for tourism destinations -practical implementation of theories and
concepts
26
M. Košþak & T. O’Rourke
Drivers and barriers for water conservation in accommodation establishments in the Costa Brava
27
A. Llausàs, J. Padullés & A. Ribas
Vesuvius National Park Plan and sustainable tourism
28
S. Losco & C. de Biase
System design for sustainable mobility in protected tourist areas
29
A. Marano & A. D'Onofrio
System design for sustainable tourism in heritage cities
30
A. Marano & A. Dentico
Environmental impact and sustainability of backpacker tourism: a critical review of the literature and
directions for future researches
31
M. R. Martins & R. Costa
Historic infrastructures and tourism. New project strategies for Istanbul and Rome
32
P. Miano & A. Bernieri
Perception and behaviour of ski tourists and consequences for sustainability of skiing tourism
33
E. Posch & R. Steiger
Impacts of restoration projects in seaside wetlands on tourism sector of Costa Brava (Spain)
34
J. Pueyo-Ros, A. Ribas & R. M. Fraguell
Tourism and cultural heritage. Past and future for new prospects and strategies of sustainable local
development
35
G. Pultrone
Trust, pro-environmental behavior and place attachment
36
H. Ramkissoon
Domestic and foreign visitor perceptions - an investigation of service quality, satisfaction and
destination loyalty variations in Hotel Industry of Sri Lanka
37
F. W. D. Randilini & M. B. P. Tennekoon
Valuating and promoting cultural heritage from historical canals. Lessons from the Baix Ter region
(Catalonia)
38
A. Ribas, D. Pavón, S. Ricart & D. Roset
Regeneration of Sardinian coastal landscapes. A synergistic tourism for south western coast
V. Saiu & G. Peghin
39
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Terrorism and tourism: some linkages
40
C. Seabra, J. L. Abrantes & O. Paiva
Safety and risk: impacts on international tourists’ behaviors
41
C. Seabra, E. Kastenholz, J. L. Abrantes & M. Reis
Local food products in tourism – perceived values of stakeholders
42
S. Seidel
Meanings and representations of the rural
43
C. Silva
Influence of action research in tourism, based on design thinking, on cultural heritage preservation
44
I. Stevic & Z. Breda
The role of new architectural set pieces along scenic routes in community based tourism
45
K. Velander & P. Wilson
Index of Authors
47
Abstracts
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The tourism diversification in French ski resorts: which effective
drivers for a sustainable tourism in mountain?
C. Achin & E. George-Marcelpoil
Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
ABSTRACT: The ski resorts were developed in France since the 1930’s. These resorts were
only specialized on the alpine ski during the winter’s season. However, the global change
imposes an adaptation of the ski resorts. Among the great variety of solutions, we focalize in
this paper on the diversification of their offer, and especially the implementation methods of this
diversification. This analysis in terms of governance and regional economy conducts to the
identification of effective drivers for optimize the implementation of a sustainable tourism in
mountain.
4
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Post-disaster reconstruction: possibilities for community-based
tourism in the perception of residents of Bento Rodrigues, Brazil
K. S. Alves
University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto Minas Gerais, Brazil
ABSTRACT: The disruption of the tailings dams of iron ore in Bento Rodrigues, Mariana
district in Brazil, took place in the year 2015, has several causes which, combined with each
other, provided the catastrophe that generated a huge environmental liability. Thus, the time of
reconstruction requires intersectoral approach and interdisciplinarity, characteristics inherent to
tourism activities. Through community based tourism this article aimed to identify the
knowledge and practices of the community of Bento Rodrigues as possibility to communitybased tourism. To do so, he used the technique of focus groups, the study made it possible to
understand how this area needs further assistance, as it is under construction, noting that it is
important to the implementation of trainings, courses or workshops are seen the wealth of
knowledge and practices of the residents affected. The preparation of the communities and the
strengthening of relations of cooperation for the achievement of results in the increase of
income and job opportunities are assumptions of the establishment process of community
activity for local development.
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The development of surf tourism and its impact on the sustainable
development of a coastal destination: the case of Matosinhos
C. Araújo, F. Martins & Z. Breda
University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Coastal areas are unique ecosystems notwithstanding, constant pressures, mainly
of anthropogenic origin, make these vulnerable regions. Tourism plays a preponderant role in
these pressures due to the adverse effects it causes. Therefore, new coastal tourist products, such
as surf tourism, should be able to mitigate these impacts and contribute to the sustainable
development of these territories. To do so is necessary to developed tourism products in
accordance with sustainability principles. This article aims to identify if surf tourism is being
developed in a sustainable manner, and propose solutions to mitigate the negative effects of this
product. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted in the municipality of Matosinhos through
semi-structured interviews to two types of stakeholders – surf-related businesses and the
Municipal Council. Content analysis reveals that there are some aspects of surf tourism in
Matosinhos that are producing negative impacts, which can make this tourism an unsustainable
product in the long-term.
6
Tourist building´s
Archipielagos
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
energy
efficiency
at
Macaronesian
M. E. Armas, V. Cabrera & R. Santana
Eco-structural materials, DCA – University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
ABSTRACT: The Macaronesian Archipielagos belong to Spain, Portugal and Cape Verde.
Insularity, a scarce geographical surface, a huge variability in terms of relief, a climate attached
to the Atlantic Ocean and an economy based on tourism are relevant features shared for them.
Therefore, taking into account that conditions, building bioclimatic architecture with local
construction material would be more efficient to define tourist building creation in these
regions. Nowadays the energy efficiency directive related to building does not look to
archipelagos peculiarities. Comparing the customary architecture made with local materials and
the architecture meet the directive requirements, usually made with imported materials, will
prove the different energy consumption between them.
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7
Are European tourists satisfied with destination inclusive
practices?
S. Avelar, F. Tiago, J. P. Couto, S. D. Faria & T. Tiago
University of the Azores, Azores, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Tourism has great economic, social, and cultural relevance. Considering the
increasing global tendency for tourists with special needs or disabled to travel, however,
notwithstanding the importance of these segments, not many systematic studies are available
that analyze their satisfaction regarding inclusive destination offers. Therefore, seeking to fill
this gap, the main objective of this work was to analyze the dynamics of this niche market to
better quantify and describe it. This study used a database on travel preferences of tourists from
the 28 European Union countries, plus Turkey, Macedonia, Iceland, Norway, Serbia,
Montenegro, and Israel. The data processing applied cluster analysis to identify market niches.
The study developed identified distinct segments in this market, comprising and influenced by
different variables, confirming the importance of local responses to these special needs clients.
The results demonstrated that these different types of tourists demand and use different sources
of information when deciding where to travel, as well as value distinct components of the offer.
Acknowledging these differences is critical to the management and promotors of tourism
destinations and attractions.
8
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Research review on cycle tourism and the potential promotion of
sustainable mobility. Initial implementations in Greece
E. Bakogiannis, M. Siti, C. Kyriakidis & G. Christodoulopoulou
National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
ABSTRACT: Cycling and walking are among the most sustainable means of transport, gaining
a lot of attention in recent transportation studies and the relevant European funding potential.
Two of the key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) include the building of low impact
infrastructures and reducing actions and procedures that contribute to climate change. Thus,
cycling mobility and cycle tourism comprehend ideally to the forthcoming needs and
restrictions that will allow sustainable approaches in building infrastructure with an added value
in the urban and peri-urban environment. This paper explores the current infrastructure and
policies implemented in Greece as well as the existing cycle tourism strategy formulated in
2008, examining the progress, the identified obstacles and the future potential in promoting
cycle tourism in the Greek periphery. The project discusses the benefits of developing cycle
tourism in areas that present high car-dependency, focusing on the environmental and transport
dimension as research shows that strategic infrastructure and policies for cycle tourism can
directly promote cycling and walking mobility and alterations in daily commuting behavioral
patterns.
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Sustainable approach to tourism development in the Danube
region in Serbia
J. Basariü & S. Milijiü
Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
ABSTRACT: The river Danube is the most important and the second largest river in Europe,
representing the only Pan-European water corridor (VII). On its 588km-long course through
Serbia, the Danube boasts three highly valuable and unique tourist destinations – the Upper,
Middle and Lower Danube basins. The Danube region abounds in closely connected natural and
tourist values that complement each other. The levels of their originality and preservation form
a basis for the development of several types of domestic and foreign tourism. The purpose of
this paper is to identify key tourist resources, ecological, cultural and historical in the first place,
which would be used as a basis for the analysis of the Danube region and its role in the
development of tourism. In the analysis of the Danube region’s numerous protected and highly
valuable tourist resources, a special attention is drawn to the principles of nature protection and
tourism development on the Danube banks. The development of tourism is to be sustainable,
meaning that in the long run it should be ecologically and economically stable and socially fair
to local communities. Tourism should contribute to sustainable development and become an
integral part of the natural and cultural environment, it should preserve the sensitive balance
inherent in many tourist destinations, in this case the Danube region.
10
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Existential tourism in Peru’s highlands through missionary
activities
P. J. Bouzan
Boston, MA, USA
S. Doganer
Department of Architecture, The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
ABSTRACT: In the face of homogenized globalism, it is necessary to find creative ways to
preserve the rich local culture, tradition and building techniques of every region in order to keep
offering them as a desirable destination for the new force that moves millions of people around
the world: tourism. This research by exploring the new trends of existential tourism and relating
them to missionary activity in the Peruvian highlands and their influence in the preservation of
local customs, traditions and built environment, demonstrates the elements to be considered in
order to design a model for a missionary lodging and community center as an architectural
space to host and serve all related activities that need to be preserved and self sustainable.
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Tourism and Cultural Diplomacy: a new alliance for intercultural
dialogue and peace through tourism
F. Carbone
Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco; GOVCOPP - Research Unit in Governance, Competitiveness
and Public Policies, DEGEI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
CGEO - Research Unit "Geosciences Center", University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
ABSTRACT: By 2020, we expect tourist arrivals to reach 1.6 billion: while tourism has been
growing more rapidly in developing countries, the question is whether it can effectively
contribute to the building of peace worldwide, even post conflict scenarios. Tourism and Peace
have often been linked together and several “voices” healed Tourism as “industry of peace”.
Many authors have explored case studies in which tourism has played, or could play, a role in
political stability or peacebuilding. However, since Tourism cannot automatically bring peace,
we keep arguing there is a need for more complex, pragmatic arguments underlying the
conviction that tourism can bring its effective contribution to mutual understanding and peace.
Our study aims to fulfil this gap and strength these arguments by building a more concrete
bridge between Tourism and Peace. We propose an association between International Tourism
activities with the practices of Cultural Diplomacy within the International System. We also
focus on the level of awareness of Tourism agents concerning their role as cultural diplomats.
For this purpose, we present the result of a study on the tourism supply side, aiming to define
the perception and the level of engagement of tourism agents with Cultural Diplomacy.
12
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
The spatialities of Community-Based Tourism in Brazil: an
analysis of a successful case (region of Cariri, Ceará) and of a
non-touristic region, however with diffuse initiatives (Santa
Cruz's Farm territory, Rio de Janeiro)
D. S. Cardoso
UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
ABSTRACT: This article aims to trace an outlook of the community-based tourism in brazil, it's
based in the successful experiences, mainly in rural contexts, and in several cases in which the
weak sociopolitical and economical contexts of the suburbs, alongside the lack of commitment
of publics entities with this topic, has created boundaries for community-based tourism in the
country. Brazil presents a rich scenario, full of experiences, in community-based tourism, this
will be how we are going to identify through a Geographic view, the challenges, the potentials
and the institutional solutions adopted by stakeholders to counterbalance difficulties attached to
our popular economy. The analysis will have the promotion of public politics in this segment
since 2000 as a background, with special attention to federal politics. The next step is the
appreciation of two contrasting regions either spatially and economically. The successful case is
the region of Cariri, which is rich in circuits, gastronomic centers and people who make their
lives out of tourism, this way strengthening the regional cultural identity; the second case is the
outskirt region in the state of Rio de Janeiro which is not reckoned by its touristic potential by
the society. In the last few years, however, local initiatives have emerged and shown a long and
short term change in the region's profile, mainly due to touristic explorations of historical sites,
local museums and environmental protected areas.
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Change as a benefit from travelling: for me, for me & you or for
all? – A case study among students studying in the Netherlands
E. Cavagnaro
Stenden Hotel Management School, Academy of International Hospitality Research, Leeuwarden, The
Netherlands
S. Staffieri
Italian National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy
ABSTRACT: This study aims to identify the main dimensions of change induced in youngsters
by a travel experience and to link these dimensions to the debate on sustainable tourism.
Research on how a travel experience impacts on youngsters’ openness to change is limited.
Moreover, the concept ‘change trough travelling’ is poorly investigated, both in general and in
relation to sustainable tourism in particular. To close this knowledge gap, a questionnaire was
distributed among 395 Dutch students in August 2015. Principle Component Analysis led to the
identification of three dimensions of change reflecting change towards me, the other and nature.
The first two dimensions reflect the push towards oneself (me) and towards the other (me &
you) already identified by the literature. The third dimension, called sustainable change (all), is
the new contribution of this study, and shows that a travel experience may induce youngsters to
change their perception, also towards nature.
14
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
How much is too much green in hospitality?
J. L. Cogumbreiro, F. Tiago, J. P. Couto, S. D. Faria & T. Tiago
University of the Azores, Azores, Portugal
ABSTRACT: The concept of tourism appears often linked to destination sustainability. The
efforts made in this domain are still scarce in what concerns business certification approaches
and specially tourist understanding of this concept. Therefore is critical to understand what are
the perspectives and perceptions of tourists regarding green certificated hotels. Tourism is
usually acknowledged for been a widely consuming activity with impacts in the environment at
different levels. This is a paradox concept: in one hand, firms aim to reduce costs and
consumption, in order to adopt a greener approach; on the other hand, tourists demand high
services, which consume resources and generate waste. The present work studies the practices
of green certificated hotels and the influence of green certification in tourists buying behavior.
For this purpose, two sets of surveys were applied, one to the managers of EMAS certified units
operating in Europe and another to tourists that were in an EMAS certified hotel located in
Azores, since destination sustainability in the case of the Azores is related to the brand image
promotion. The main results show that hoteliers have different opinions of green certification,
which can be related to the location of the hotel unit. The results from the second sample
pointed to the existence of three type of tourists in what concerns green consciousness and
practice, unveiling the need for a deeper analysis of the drivers of green tourism behavior.
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Project 505 and Objekat Arc
N. Cridge
Architectural Association and Cambridge School of Art, UK
ABSTRACT: This paper looks closely at two sites built in ex-Yugoslavia, now both in Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Shrouded in secrecy and silence they were built during the cold war, a war
that in some ways never fulfilled its potential. As it often happens with carefully guarded
secrets, these cold war structures still generate much speculation. One such example is the
largest underground space centre in Europe at the army base Željava, built by the late Yugoslav
leader Josip Broz Tito, under the code name "Project 505". Another Tito’s secret construction, a
nuclear bunker known only to a handful of military people as Objekat Arc. This paper will deal
with challenges and potentials of the structures to be opened up for tourism, as they combine
history, adventure and natural beauty. Needless to say, such sites could be used to help us
respond to the challenges of sustainability, as they have already been built and can be easily
adopted to provide short-term accommodation.
16
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Conservation and education through Eco-tourism: utilizing
vessels for data collection and development of sustainable
management practices
J. J. Currie
Pacific Whale Foundation, Wailuku, HI, USA
S. H. Stack, J. A. McCordic & G. D. Kaufman
ABSTRACT: Sustainable tourism can contribute to the protection of natural resources and an
enhanced understanding of poorly studied species. As such, there has been significant growth in
eco-tourism, reflecting social concerns about the quality of the natural environment and the
impacts of tourism. Pacific Whale Foundation (PWF) Eco-Adventures operates a fleet of 9 ecotour vessels and has utilized these vessels since 2010 for data collection and development of
sustainable management practices. The researchers at PWF have utilized eco-tour vessels for: (i)
Platform-of-Opportunity (PoP) studies, (ii) development of a web-app, Whale and Dolphin
Tracker (WDT). The PoP program utilized researchers onboard whalewatch vessels as dedicated
observers who recorded detailed information on all cetacean encounters. The WDT program
utilized a web-application for whalewatch naturalists to quickly log information on their
cetacean sightings. Data collected from these programs, in conjunction with local regulations,
led to the development of PWF’s “Be Whale Aware” code of conduct, which encourages
responsible whalewatching. The PoP and WDT programs have been shown to be cost-effective
alternatives to dedicated research vessels, with the additional benefit of having whalewatch
vessels contribute directly to the management and monitoring of marine mammals. To date,
these programs have logged over 15,000 sightings of 10 different cetacean species, contributing
significant data on abundance and spatial/temporal distribution of species. Adapting such
programs to the global whalewatching industry has the potential to benefit cetacean populations
worldwide and allow for sustainable tourism through development of cetacean watching
guidelines, such as the “Be Whale Aware” program.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
Book of Abstracts
17
Inclusive cities to live and to visit: Portuguese urban accessibility
policies (2006-2016)
S. Di Salvatore
CERIS, IST, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the course followed by urban accessibility
policies in the last ten years in Portugal and their effect on tourism. We will present the case
study of Lisbon's Pedestrian Accessibility Plan. We will start from an analysis of the 2006
legislative framework on the architectural barriers removal (Decree-Law no. 163/2006)
establishing mandatory accessibility standards and the rules for their application to the built
environment, followed by the examination of plans for promotion of urban accessibility
promoted from 2003 to 2013.
18
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
The touristic reuse of the historical abandoned heritage as a
strategic goal of the rebuilding after the earthquake
C. C. Falasca & A. Gigante
University of Study G. D’Annunzio, Chieti- Pescara, Italy
ABSTRACT: The earthquake in the abandoned historical centers could mark a radical turning
point compared with the ongoing decline. Their architectural and artistic values, their capacity
attractiveness in their physical context and their geographical location, when take place
together, could have the potentials to arouse a touristic usability of the territory which could
leverage on the availability of the building stock largely empty to be rebuilt. In this case it
requires that the tourist promotion of the territory has to be taken as the priority strategic goal of
the reconstruction. This paper proposes an experience of this type lived firsthand from the
authors during the drafting of the Reconstruction Plan of the municipal of S. Demetrio ne’
Vestini in the district of L’Aquila (Italy) hit by the 2009 earthquake. The change of perspective,
from an historic agro pastoral economy to a tourist receptive economy, has moved the level of
attention from physical rehabilitation of the single building artifact to the environmental and
functional promotion in the settlement system as a whole.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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19
Ecotourism in Balaton Uplands National Park - balancing tourism
and nature protection in fragile ecosystems
É. Fejes
Balaton Uplands National Park, Hungary
ABSTRACT: National parks play an important role in ecotourism, providing tours, programs,
education and outdoor activities in a pleasant, often beautiful environment. Balaton Uplands
National Park in Hungary is located nearby the largest lake in Central Europe, Lake Balaton, a
popular destination of both domestic and international tourism. The most vulnerable area of the
National Park is Kis-Balaton, a strictly protected wetland and bird habitat. It is a Ramsar site
and its whole area is part of the Natura 2000 network. Protecting its ecology and biodiversity
while making it accessible to public is a challenge, and must be done with great care and careful
control. Ecotourism and education are tools to conservation by means of introducing the natural
values and their fragility to tourists visiting wetlands for mainly recreational purposes.
Ecotourism at Kis-Balaton is a case study focusing on the positive experiences of keeping
tourism and nature conservation in balance.
20
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Tourism and racial storytelling in Montgomery, Alabama:
inclusion or white supremacy?
A. L. Ferber
University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, USA
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the ways in which the rich racial history of Montgomery is
depicted for the average tourist, both on the ground Montgomery as well as through tourist
publications and websites. Using a storytelling method of analysis, I examine which aspects of
the city's history are made visible and identified for tourists, as well as which aspects are made
invisible, the local political debates surrounding these decisions, and the consequences. Ethnical
questions are raised about how tourism can further the United Nations World Tourism
Organization's Tourism and Sustainable Development's goal 16 to promote inclusion and social
justice. The city's attempt to provide tourists with a harmonious, inclusive story is embedded in
the white racial frame, and is not inclusive of the full racial history of the city, and its many
peoples. It conspires in and plays a role in reproducing racial inequality and racist institutions.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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21
Slow Tourism: sustainability for products and destinations
P. Ferreira
Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health, Viseu,
Portugal
C. Seabra
Nova School of Business and Economics, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Centre for the Study of
Education, Technologies and Health, Viseu, Portugal
C. Barroco
Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health, Viseu,
Portugal
ABSTRACT: The post-World War II boom was a turning point for the contemporary tourism
era, making it an accessible product to the majority of the population, not only for the higher
social classes. However, in the late 20th century, the global tourism was dominated by a
massive tourism type. Tourism reflected the development of western society’s lifestyle, where
quantity was valued over quality (Timms & Conway, 2012). The slow movement strongly
grown in the 90’s as an opposition to the massive and uncontrolled consumption. Based on this
new assumption some cities are offering visitors’ new tourism products and destinations more
sustainable and green, trying to conquer new markets, breaking barriers and growing as
ecological tourist destinations. The slow tourism movement is an emerging market segment and
in clear expansion (Lumdson & Macgrath, 2011; Mintel, 2009), being this type of tourism a
credible alternative to current sun and beach tourism products and cultural tourism (Lumsdon &
Mcgrath, 2011). In 2007, the World Travel Market in London, predicted that the slow tourism
would grow at an average rate of 10% a year in Western Europe. The main goal of this study is
to analyze slow movement in tourism, all the guidelines and variables that reflect it ideology.
The methodology used in this work is based on literature review and consequently discussion of
slow movement applied to tourism as a way to create more sustainable destinations and tourism
products.
22
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Urban tourism. A comparison with Anglo-American experiences
for the regeneration of the historic centre of Cagliari
C. Giannattasio, E. Pilia & A. Pinna
DICAAR | Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari,
Cagliari, Italy
ABSTRACT: During the past century urban tourism has assumed an increasing and central role
in restructuring the economy of neglected urban centres. As a consequence of this, especially in
these recent times, a wide range of issues have arisen, related to the concepts of sustainability,
authenticity and place-identity. Considering these concerns, the present paper aims to
investigate this worldwide phenomenon as a key point for the regeneration of historical areas in
contemporary cities. There are different reasons for explaining the dereliction of urban areas. It
may originate from de-industrialisation processes, from never-repaired wartime damages or by
inadequate conservation and preservation policies. Common needs of these areas are: the
reconstruction of their image and the replacement of their negative perception to boost the city
with physical interventions, economic assistance and social co-operation. The UK and the USA,
pioneering countries in the promotion of these activities, offer several practices and interesting
case studies for discussions and comparisons. The analysis and the critical evaluation of their
current tourism policies could be used in support of the re-enhancement of areas where the
development of touristic strategies is still unresolved, such as in the historical centre of Cagliari
(Sardinia, Italy). In this particular context, tourism and cultural activities should have an
important role in the city, not only from a social and economic point of view, but also to
promote its inherited historical aspects. Furthermore, the extensive post-war urban ruins in this
area should be strategic tools for the development of the economic and social life, as well as of
sustainable urban tourism, considered as a nodal point in the planning and regeneration process.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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23
Public perceptions of place character in Australian coastal towns
experiencing rapid tourism development
R. J. Green
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
ABSTRACT: Tourism is one of Australia’s largest industries accounting for just over 10
percent of its total GDP (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2015). Tourists in Australia are
particularly attracted to coastal destinations for the recreational, scenic and natural
environmental attributes they possess. However, over the last couple of decades many such
coastal settlements have experienced a host of environmental and social changes that has led to
the loss of the very qualities that initially attracted tourists to these places in the first place. A
frequently heard complaint from residents living in these towns is that changes due to tourism
development have negatively impacted their sense of place, which is linked to loss of distinctive
local ‘place character’. From the perspective of many residents in these communities the most
pressing concern is protecting the distinctiveness of the character of their towns, both for their
own well-being and because this expression of local place character is often the primary reason
tourists find these destinations so appealing. Many residents perceive ‘inappropriate
development’, in the form of new accommodation and commercial buildings constructed to
cater primarily to tourists, along with degradation of the natural environment that often
accompanies it, as being most responsible for this loss in valued place character. This paper
reports on a meta-analysis of a series of studies undertaken by the author over several years that
explored how residents in five Australian coastal towns perceive the distinctive character of
their towns, the types of landscape features they feel are most important in defining that
character, key features they feel are being lost due to development and the impact on local place
character from newly introduced landscape elements, which in turn results in negatively
impacting the attractiveness of these towns as tourist destinations. To explore these questions, a
perceptually based methodology was used to identify assemblages of landscape features, built
and natural, that the residents in these five Australian coastal towns perceived to most strongly
define local place character and those features they felt most detracted from that character. This
methodology consisted of conducting projective mapping surveys and photo-rating workshops
in each of the towns. Data was collected from samples of residents in each of these towns,
which are all located on the east coast of Australia, four in the state of Victoria and one in
Queensland. The results from these studies were then compared to identify various typologies of
character defining place features. This meta-analysis identified patterns in terms of the
contribution that different types of landscape features make to local place character and those
features perceived to detract from that character. From this comparison of results a detailed
understanding of the types of features most salient to the way these communities conceptualize
the character of their towns emerged. They also illustrate how place character can be negatively
impacted by inappropriate tourism development and other forces of environmental change,
providing clues as to how tourism in coastal settlements can be managed to conserve the
distinctiveness of place character in these types of settings.
24
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Eco-cultural empowerment, gender equity and collaborative
enterprise in La Cuadrilla, Mexico
T. Jamal & C. Budke
Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
I. B. Bribiesca
University of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
ABSTRACT: New and revised approaches to sustainable development are being proposed to
tackle pressing issues in the 21st century. We call for greater attention to the intangible aspects
of human-environmental relationships, and propose adding an “eco-cultural empowerment”
dimension to community empowerment frameworks (e.g., Scheyvens, 1999). Such an embodied
approach can better address traditional/local knowledge, human-ecological relationships,
cultural enterprises and cultural practices in tourism development. An exploratory case study in
the indigenous community of La Cuadrilla, Mexico, describes a women’s embroidery
cooperative facilitated by a microcredit NGO. Here, the women negotiate issues of economic
inclusivity, social equity and social empowerment. Socio-economic and other changes to
cultural practices are arising as they draw upon their traditional knowledge, natural goods and
cultural practices. The case supports the need for cultural empowerment and collaborative
enterprise as crucial considerations for facilitating gender equity and capacity building towards
community control and local governance in sustainable tourism development.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
Book of Abstracts
25
Socioeconomic
unsustainability
to
environmental
unsustainability? The trajectory of tourism in Australia’s south
west corner
R. Jones
Department of Planning and Geography, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
ABSTRACT: The Margaret River region in Australia's extreme south west possesses a
successful tourism industry based on premium wine production and its associated gastronomic
offerings, pristine beaches with exceptional surfing conditions and ecotourism attractions
including giant eucalypt forests and limestone caverns. However, this attractive cultural
landscape of small farms and vineyards surrounded by forest resulted from the spectacular
failure of an interwar land settlement scheme by which British settlers attempted to clear virgin
forest and establish dairy farms. It is these, generally abandoned, properties that became
vineyards and farms in the postwar period. Prospectively, the local tourism landscapes and
industries face significant threats from climate change. Increasing temperatures and, even more
so, decreasing rainfall have the potential to impact upon the local wine quality; and growing
vineyard groundwater use at a time of decreasing rainfall is affecting water levels in the
underground limestone caverns. Furthermore, the giant Karri forests, which only occupy the
extreme south western tip of the continent, have nowhere to go should increasing temperatures
cause them to retreat southwards. This paper will consider tourism's successful present in the
Margaret River region in the contexts of the opportunities provided by its failed agricultural past
and the threats presented by its changing climatic future.
26
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Re-evaluating a strategic model for tourism destinations practical implementation of theories and concepts
M. Košþak
Faculty of Tourism, University of Maribor, Brežice, Slovenija
T. O’Rourke
Institute of Financial Services, University College, Canterbury, UK
ABSTRACT: In this paper we seek to identify what we see as a dysfunctional barrier in the
development of environmentally and economically sustainable tourism at a local level.
Changing shifts in tourism markets have led to the greater importance of sustainable tourism
initiatives, which by their very nature will tend to have a locally oriented concept, as opposed to
a national or international concept. Our research used four comparative case-studies to consider
the potential advantage of locally focused bottom-up tourism models based on coalitions of key
local actors over top-down models based on national or international structures.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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27
Drivers and barriers for water conservation in accommodation
establishments in the Costa Brava
A. Llausàs, J. Padullés & A. Ribas
Department of Geography & Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
ABSTRACT: Scientific literature addressing water use, management and conservation in
accommodation establishments is dominated by quantitative approaches that seldom give
consideration to perceptual and behavioural aspects of business managers, which are,
nevertheless, known to heavily influence the adoption of water saving measures and
environmentally friendly practices. We interviewed 18 hotel and campsite managers in the
mature touristic destination of the Costa Brava, in the water-stressed Mediterranean coast of
Spain, regarding diverse aspects of water use in their facilities and equipment. Specifically, we
aimed to identify which measures supporting water conservation (e.g. technological fixes,
management changes, staff training, awareness raising, environmental certification, etc.) have
been adopted in the last 15 years and to understand the drivers that motivated or facilitated their
adoption or, conversely, the barriers that were encountered by managers that justify their lack of
action in this field. After transcribing and coding the contents of the interviews, a discourse
analysis approach was used to interpret the findings. Our results reveal how, behind the stated
concern for the environment, most actions aimed at conserving water are rooted on the
improvement of company competitiveness by reducing costs and on marketing purposes,
articulated through a desire to satisfy the expectations of customers and to comply with the
sector’s best practices. Among the barriers that prevent the adoption of more determined watersaving strategies, we find prominent scalar issues: there is a characteristically large proportion
of family-owned small businesses that are managed without a clear environmental policy
(related to lack of awareness and/or investment capacity); and we observe a strong reliance from
the interviewees on external sources (government and sector associations) to provide the
stimulus and guidance for them to adopt measures at the local scale. We discuss the implications
of the findings for policy makers, water management authorities and the touristic industry.
28
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Vesuvius National Park Plan and sustainable tourism
S. Losco & C. de Biase
Second University of Naples, Polytechnic and Basic Sciences School, Aversa, Italy
ABSTRACT: The links between general and sectoral spatial planning of protected areas and
european policies by enhancement and development programs are the main topics of the paper.
Therefore it aims to underline the relationships between the planning goals of Vesuvius
National Park Plan and the development of a more sustainable tourism in a protected area. The
interest of this type of analysis is also based on the historical tourism that characterizes the
Vesuvius area and the opportunity to transform and increase it towards a more sustainable one
in the next years. Starting from the Park Plan analysis, the paper points to highlight the
connections between general spatial planning decisions and sectoral preservation and
development policies, often coming from EU-projects, in the last sixteen and for the next four
years. The methodology used is comparative and supports the analysis of the planning tool, the
National Park Plan - ordinary and general planning tool, with the analysis of extraordinary and
sectoral italian and european funding program. The data analyzed are the official documents in
force of Vesuvius National Park Plan and the 2000-2006, 2007-2014, 2014-2020 european
development programs.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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29
System design for sustainable mobility in protected tourist areas
A. Marano & A. D'Onofrio
Department of Architecture, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
ABSTRACT: What is the role of design in the present strategy process for enhancing
environmental and tourist resources in protected areas? The most attractive perspective at
present seems to be that of re-directing design according to a methodological approach oriented
towards combining products and services at the same time. This paper presents a
methodological application on the subject of sustainable mobility referring particularly to an
inter-modal system for conscious and assisted tourism for the development and sustainability of
the National Park of Abruzzo (Italy).The system concept is a network which covers the whole
area of the Park and is mainly based on different and interrelated transport modalities
characterized by lighter ecological imprints as the demand of tourism develops from the
populated areas which are easily accessible, to natural places which are less accessible and
difficult to reach by(vehicle + electric shuttle + bike + walk).
30
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
System design for sustainable tourism in heritage cities
A. Marano & A. Dentico
Department of Architecture, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
ABSTRACT: The paper presents the results of a work of research concerning the development
of a system design (service-product) for sustainable tourism in heritage cities. The serviceproduct consists of an Internet connection (urban WI-FI hotspots), mobile devices and creative
communities that generate a real time physical and social network.The objective of the proposal
is to encourage new processes of social interaction and cooperation, both physical and virtual,
by combining all of the so-called ெubiquitous computing” technologies or widespread computer
sciences and generating new and spontaneous social processes fostered by the creative abilities
of users.The proposed social network offers tourists a personalised level of accessibility and the
availability of local agents of tourism ready to offer knowledge and hospitality: the Agenti delle
città d’arte (Heritage City Agents) are considered a human resource that stores and propagates
the stories and artistic, cultural and gastronomic heritage of cities.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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31
Environmental impact and sustainability of backpacker tourism: a
critical review of the literature and directions for future researches
M. R. Martins & R. Costa
GOVCOPP, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Tourism is a relevant economic activity due its ability to create jobs and investment, generate wealth and promote development, but the increasing number of tourists also has
consequences on environmental sustainability at local and global level. Recently, the number of
international tourists exceeded one billion and approximately 20% were youth tourists, one of
the fastest growing market segments in recent years. Among them, stand out the backpackers,
although their important economic relevance, its impact in terms of environmental sustainability
remains unknown. This paper aims to present and discuss the environmental impact and sustainability of the backpacker tourism, emphasising some theoretical aspects related to concepts,
constructs and methodological options used in articles published in Scopus platform. A systematic review of literature and a qualitative and quantitative analysis were made. If backpackers
are often described in the literature as environmentally responsible due to their low resource
consumption, their preference for local products and due to their great potential to engage in a
more sustainable and environmentally responsible travels, currently this segment has diversify
and begin to show some behaviors and attitudes similar to those of institutionalized tourists.
Therefore, know in depth their motivations and their behaviors could give an important contribution in order to mitigate their environmental impact.
32
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Historic infrastructures and tourism. New project strategies for
Istanbul and Rome
P. Miano & A. Bernieri
Department of Architecture, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
ABSTRACT: “[...] The network has replaced the itinerary; the present has replaced history; the
singularity has replaced the symbol; consumption has replaced experience.” (Augé, 2005).
Today, the architecture and city project has to strongly consider the issues related to tourism, by
choosing as keystone some "elements of resistance" within the historic urban tissue. Those
elements shall become landscape and urban infrastructures able to keep together the city identity
in its whole, including monumental areas assaulted by tourists. The research concentrates on
two cities, following analogies and contrasts: Istanbul and Rome, both mass tourism
destinations and cities with unique characters from the urban, historic and cultural point of view.
The idea is to compare them by starting from their ancient urban fortification systems, in order
to create a "historic infrastructure" at the service of the city.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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33
Perception and behaviour of ski tourists and consequences for
sustainability of skiing tourism
E. Posch
Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
R. Steiger
Institute of Geography / Institute of Public Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
ABSTRACT: An increasing lack of snow and decreasing snow reliability have put many ski
destinations under pressure. The ski industry has developed several adaptation strategies to react
to changing conditions including infrastructural and technical measures. But these measures
may not emphasize economic and ecological sustainability. Meanwhile the role of tourists’
reaction to decreasing snow reliability and snow-deficient winter seasons remains mostly
neglected. A deeper understanding of tourists’ decision-making is crucial to develop sustainable
management recommendations for ski destinations. The purpose of this paper is (1) to explore
factors influencing destination choice of winter sport tourists; (2) to identify different types of
winter sport tourists based on factors influencing their destination choice; (3) discuss
environmental impacts of identifies tourist types. The study is based on a standardized survey
with more than 9000 winter sport tourists, who were recruited in 55 ski resorts in Austria during
the winter season 2015/2016.
34
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Impacts of restoration projects in seaside wetlands on tourism
sector of Costa Brava (Spain)
J. Pueyo-Ros, A. Ribas & R. M. Fraguell
Department of Geography, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
ABSTRACT: Tourism is the most important economic actor in seaside regions of western
Mediterranean. At the same time, it has been guilty of degradation of seaside wetlands and other
important ecosystems. Many researchers have studied impacts of tourism on ecosystems.
Furthermore, we studied impacts on tourism caused by a restoration project that was going to be
developed in a seaside wetland of Costa Brava (Spain). We conducted a survey to tourists in
Pletera wildlife refuge, a degraded seaside wetland that got a LIFE project to restore the wetland
ecosystem. LIFE Pletera was an interesting case because it will improve the ecosystem and the
landscape, but at the same time, it will limit access to beach because, at those days, Pletera has
been used as a car park by many tourists. Our results suggested that tourism appreciate
restoration projects despite restrictions. Restoration project got a punctuation of 8.25 on a tenpoint Likert scale with a mode of 10 (32% of answers). Evaluation was influenced by frequency
of visit, time of day and income level. Improving of ecological quality was the most cited
element as positive (57%). On the other hand, nothing and accessibility were the most abundant
answers as negative elements of project (44% and 30%). We also compared actual and stated
frequency of visit when wetland will have restored. Half of tourists stated that they will not
change their visit frequency. 44% of them stated visiting more the site and 6% stated less visits
after restoration project. Results showed that average increment will be 1.96 visits per tourist in
a year.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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35
Tourism and cultural heritage. Past and future for new prospects
and strategies of sustainable local development
G. Pultrone
Department of Architecture and Territory, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Italy
ABSTRACT: Tourism is considered not only one of the major and dynamic sectors in
international industry and trade but also as means for new quality jobs, poverty eradication,
gender equality, and the protection and promotion of natural and cultural heritage. Besides, it
has been identified by the United Nations (UN) as one of the ten sectors to drive the change
towards a Green Economy and was included in the Rio+20 Outcome Document as one of the
sectors capable of making a significant contribution to the three dimensions of sustainable
development. Also Culture and Cultural Heritage are essential components of sustainable
development and critical elements of human rights-based approaches. They represent a source
of identity, innovation and creativity for the individual and community and are important factors
in building social inclusion, providing for economic growth. In the light of these remarks, with
reference to the case study of Calabria, an EU lagging Region in the South of Italy
(Convergence Objective), the paper outlines the possible prospects of sustainable development
for the current 2014-2020 programming period, and further, that envisage an increasingly active
and influential role of local communities and of Urban and Regional Planning, in view of
integrated approach and multilevel governance.
36
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Trust, pro-environmental behavior and place attachment
H. Ramkissoon
Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
ABSTRACT: Corresponding to a recurring interest by destination managers to encourage proenvironmental behaviors, and support for sustainable tourism, a number of studies have dwelled
on different psychological and social constructs that accentuate environmental sustainability.
This study develops and proposes a conceptual framework examining the links between trust,
pro-environmental behaviour, trip satisfaction, place attachment (place identity, place dependence, place affect, place social bonding), quality-of-life, and support for tourism. The framework considers trust to exert a direct positive influence on pro-environmental behavior, and trip
satisfaction in a nature-based setting. Trip satisfaction is proposed to exert a positive influence
on visitors’ the multi-dimensional construct of place attachment, considered as a second-order
construct with first-order factors of place identity, dependence, affect and social-bonding. The
latter construct is proposed to exert a positive influence on overall quality-of-life and support for
tourism. A direct positive relationship is also proposed between overall quality-of-life and support for tourism. Theoretical and practical implications of the study and suggestions for future
research are discussed. Key words: Trust, Satisfaction, Pro-environmental Behavior, Place Attachment, Quality of life, Support for Tourism
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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Domestic and foreign visitor perceptions - an investigation of
service quality, satisfaction and destination loyalty variations in
Hotel Industry of Sri Lanka
F. W. D. Randilini & M. B. P. Tennekoon
Department of Decision Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
ABSTRACT: Purpose– Tourism and Hotel Industry is a key driver of economic growth for any
country, particularly for Sri Lanka, and as such it is important to understand customer
satisfaction and customer loyalty in order to sustain and more over to be successful in business.
According to current literature, variation between domestic and foreign visitor perception, in
particular, hotel service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty has been hardly researched in
the tourism industry. Therefore the objectives of the current study are; to study the relationship
between overall satisfaction and loyalty of the visitors; to examine the service quality attributes
affecting to the visitors’ overall satisfaction and loyalty ; to identify the variation between
domestic and foreign visitor satisfaction on destination/hotel service quality and loyalty and to
develop theoretical models which represent the satisfaction and destination/hotel loyalty
variation
between
domestic
and
foreign
visitor
in
Sri
Lankan
hotels.
Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using 1092 questionnaires from fifty six
separate hotels of Sri Lanka. Step by step deletion method, cross tabulations and multiple linear
regression analysis were used. Findings – Study found that there are variations between
domestic and foreign visitor perceptions towards facilities, service quality attributes, overall
satisfaction and loyalty. Particularly , visitors overall satisfaction was determined by seven key
hotel service quality attributes such as front office cleanliness, price, caring staff, food &
beverages, environment, comfortable rooms and reservation experience. Overall Satisfaction is
one of the main determinants of Destination Loyalty, other than the four quality attributes such
as easy access, price, entertainment and understanding. Research limitations - Findings were
limited to winter travelers, the population was limited to visitors in Sri Lankan hotels. Practical
implications – The research conducted assist hotel operators in their effort to improve perceived
service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty. Paying greater attention to key attributes that
determine these factors and domestic and foreign visitor perception variation issues will assist
hotels to design, target and promote hotel products that will attract and retain more of the next
generation of domestic and foreign visitors thereby increasing success and sustainability in the
long run.
38
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Valuating and promoting cultural heritage from historical canals.
Lessons from the Baix Ter region (Catalonia)
A. Ribas, D. Pavón, S. Ricart & D. Roset
Department of Geography, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
ABSTRACT: The presence in many European countries of artificial waterways can be
considered a relevant cultural heritage. It is indeed a multi-functional heritage that deserves
today a renewed, coordinated commitment to its revaluation, by considering both its structural
hydraulic artefacts and their related waterscapes. This paper aims to identify and characterize
the nexus of cultural heritage and potential touristic activities from the preliminary results of the
EUWATHER project as a tool for promoting the knowledge and rehabilitation of the unique
cultural heritage of minor waterways and historic canals in different European pilot regions. In
Catalonia, the historical irrigation canals in the Baix Ter region are a magnificent example of
hydraulic heritage that has been adapting its uses and functions since their origins to our days.
As pilot case study, in this paper we focus on the characterization of the cultural heritage of the
Sentmenat historical irrigation system in order to deepen on the ability to include new
opportunities for eco-tourism and outdoor recreation activities in a sustainable way.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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Regeneration of Sardinian coastal landscapes. A synergistic
tourism for south western coast
V. Saiu & G. Peghin
Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Cagliari, Italy
ABSTRACT: The paper present a critical analysis of the Italian coastal tourism, focusing on
multiple identities of Sardinia coastal landscapes. In particular are discussed the case of South
Western Coast, useful for analyzing different settlement patterns and for define a reflection on
crisis and potential of regeneration of these places. Through a complex analysis and the
proposed projects the paper present this territory like a scenario of crossings, where urban
centers, natural landscapes and historical memories can be integrated. Under this point of view,
tourism is conceived as the motor in the regeneration of the landscape and it will become a
factor of development not only economic but cultural of island.
40
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Safety and risk: impacts on international tourists’ behaviors
C. Seabra
Nova School of Business and Economics, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Centre for the Study of
Education, Technologies and Health, Viseu, Portugal
E. Kastenholz
Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
J. L. Abrantes & M. Reis
Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health, Viseu,
Portugal
ABSTRACT: In a world of increasing mobility and global risks, terrorism has, in a perverse
way, capitalized on contemporaneous society’s growing interest in travel to explore a world
whose national boundaries and distances have decreased. Terrorists have identified the modern
tourist flows originated from the economically more developed countries as new appealing
targets so as to: i) call attention to the causes they defend and ii) destroy a country’s foundations
of tourism, with the final aim of disrupting the economic and consequently social fabric of the
affected countries (Seabra et al., 2014). The present study analyses sensitivity towards risk and
travel behaviors in international travel amongst a sample of 600 international tourists from 49
countries travelling by air. Specifically, the sample was segmented according to the Global
Peace Index (Institute for Economics and Peace, 2015). This index defines country profiles
regarding the levels of peace. The indicators used are established over three broad themes: i)
ongoing domestic and international conflict; ii) societal safety and security; and iii)
militarisation. Tourists were segmented, according to their country of origin, in different levels
of peacefulness. Several facets of travel behavior were evaluated, namely motivations, attitude
towards trip planning, quality perception and perceived value of the trip. Also factors related
with risk perception were evaluated, specifically terrorism risk perception during the trip,
unsafety sensation as well as importance attributed to safety in travel. Results contribute to our
understanding of the role of previous exposure to the lack of peace and safety at home in the
international tourists behaviors, which is further discussed in terms of tourism management and
marketing implications which should particularly interest tourism services and destinations
more affected by terrorism, war, political turmoil, crime and other safety risks.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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Terrorism and tourism: some linkages
C. Seabra
Nova School of Business and Economics, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Centre for the Study of
Education, Technologies and Health, Viseu, Portugal
J. L. Abrantes & O. Paiva
Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health, Viseu,
Portugal
ABSTRACT: Terrorism became an important and recurring topic in in the XXI century public
discourse since in the last decades the world assisted to the growing of terrorist attacks. In its
domestic and international form is practiced by revolutionary groups, being a constant in
modern life (Feichtinger et al., 2001). The terrorist groups are increasingly sophisticated,
dangerous and destructives. Paradoxically, international terrorism and tourism share some
characteristics. They both cross-national borders, involve citizens from different countries and
use the new travel and communications technologies. Terrorists often use tourism to gain
publicity and support to achieve their goals. Tourists are chosen as targets for their symbolic
value representing Western capitalism, consumption, and values such as wealth, freedom of
choice and independence (Richter & Waugh, 1986). For terrorists, the symbolism, high profile,
and news coverage brought by international tourists makes them too valuable to leave to be
explored (Sonmez et al., 1999). This paper tries to gather research and data based on this strange
link between terrorism and tourism.
42
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Local food products in tourism - perceived values of stakeholders
S. Seidel
Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Sustainable tourism development has been a focus for many destinations with the
aim to create economic, environmental and social value. Prior research indicates that local food
products used for tourism purposes can significantly benefit a destination. Indeed, tourist
spending brings economic benefits, a short transportation and processing chain is more
environmental friendly and the region is culturally displayed. This research aimed to find out
the perceived benefits of local food producers and locals. Interviews were conducted with these
stakeholders in various regions with distinct food products. Interviewees ranged from locals
who do not feel affected by tourists to the apple farm owner who could not sustain his farm
without tourists. Analysing the results, it appeared that social benefits stand out above revenues
or the preservation of landscape with four main factors: pride of the producers; preservation of
family structures; conservation of traditional landscape and preservation of traditional products
and industry.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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43
Meanings and representations of the rural
C. Silva
School of Technology and Management of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Tourism is a socio-psychological experience whose quality is determined by
place meanings and representations. Places, on the other hand, are social and cultural
constructions more than simply physical areas and strongly marked by the visitor’s imaginary.
Rural spaces have become a tourist attraction also due their social meanings and representations.
Socially constructed ‘rural’ spaces provide new leisure spaces, and positive associations with
attributes that are very attractive to urban tourists. The aim of this paper is to provide, based on
a literature review, an overview of meanings of rural spaces, which could be grouped into 13
dimensions: (1) Natural, (2) Authenticity, (3) Rurality, (4) Landscape, (5) Idyllic, (6) Spiritual,
(7) Tradition, (8) Identity, (9) Leisure, (10) Simplicity, (11) Familiar, (12) Healthiness and (13)
Nostalgia. The final discussion focuses on the theoretical and potential practical implications of
an understanding of these meanings of rural images for tourist destination planning, marketing
and management. Directions for future research are also presented.
44
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Influence of action research in tourism, based on design thinking,
on cultural heritage preservation
I. Stevic & Z. Breda
University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Action research is a less commonly used, unconventional, but quite innovative
approach to research and, therefore, can contribute to enrichment of methodological procedures
in tourism research. Combined with project creation through design thinking, it can turn to a
powerful marketing tool, providing more sustainable, different and innovative tourist
experiences and, thus, helping reinforce the image and attractiveness of a tourism
destination/site. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how exploratory action research
through a project creation can contribute, not only (theoretically) to the state of the art in
tourism studies, but also (pragmatically) to enhancement of tourism activities and dynamics at
cultural heritage sites, yet the ones contributing to preservation of cultural heritage and its
identity. The goal is to prove action research to be more complex and advanced than other, more
frequently used research approaches, and for those reasons underused, rather than because it is
inferior to other types of research approaches. The study is going to be explored with reference
to creative economy, experience economy and design thinking, all in the context of cultural
heritage tourism.
TOURISM 2016 - International Conference on Global Tourism and Sustainability
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45
The role of new architectural set pieces along scenic routes in
community based tourism
K. Velander
School of Life Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh,
Scotland
P. Wilson
Timber Design Initiatives Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland
Wood Studio Research Centre, Institute for Sustainable Construction, Edinburgh Napier University,
Edinburgh, Scotland
ABSTRACT: There are key factors that contribute to sustainable ecotourism: an excellent
location, an appropriate product correctly priced and satisfied customers who spread the word.
The latter can be made or ruined by members of the local community regardless of whether or
not they are directly involved in tourism. The concepts presented in this paper address these
aspects of product development and community involvement by providing a template to create
innovative structures that are functional visitor attractions whilst also meeting the needs of the
local community. This template involves the synergy between environmentally responsive, yet
distinctive, architecture and ecotourism with the goal being to encourage economic growth via
the development of tourist stopping points that are also valued by the local community. The
template combines the process used to create and promote the Scottish Scenic Routes Initiative
in which innovative structures are designed to enhance the landscape, support rural
communities/economies and encourage greater countryside access by tourists. These structures
have been designed by young architects/landscape architects to meet specific travellers’ needs,
e.g. wayside rest points, picnic places, viewing platforms, bird hides, etc. via a regular series of
architectural competitions. The community based tourism methodology (TRAM) was developed
to encourage local people to take part in decision making related to tourism development by
assessing their needs and wants and integrating these into the process in order that the final
products have value to them as well as to potential tourists. The intended outcome of the
current joint initiative is to encourage people into the countryside by developing multifunctional
structures for use by tourists and local people. Functions might include meeting places, digital
technology access centres, facilities, markets, etc. This paper/presentation will explore how this
might come about.
46
S. Lira, A. Mano, C. Pinheiro & R. Amoêda (eds.)
Index of Authors
49
Index of Authors
Abrantes, J. L.
40, 41
Giannattasio, C.
22
Achin, C.
3
Gigante, A.
18
Alves, K. S.
4
Green, R. J.
23
Araújo, C.
5
Jamal, T.
24
Armas, M. E.
6
Jones, R.
25
Avelar, S.
7
Kastenholz, E.
41
Bakogiannis, E.
8
Kaufman, G. D.
16
Košþak, M.
26
Barroco, C.
Basariü, J.
21
9
Kyriakidis, C.
8
Bernieri, A.
32
Llausàs, A.
27
Biase, C. de
28
Losco, S.
28
Bouzan, P. J.
10
Marano, A.
29, 30
5, 44
Martins, F.
5
Breda, Z.
Bribiesca, I. B.
24
Martins, M. R.
31
Budke, C.
24
McCordic, J. A.
16
Cabrera, V.
6
Miano, P.
32
Carbone, F.
11
Milijiü, S.
9
Cardoso, D. S.
12
O’Rourke, T.
26
Cavagnaro, E.
13
Padullés, J.
27
8
Paiva, O.
40
14
Pavón, D.
38
31
Peghin, G.
39
Pilia, E.
22
Christodoulopoulou, G.
Cogumbreiro, J. L.
Costa, R.
Couto, J. P.
7, 14
Cridge, N.
15
Pinna, A.
22
Currie, J. J.
16
Posch, E.
33
D'Onofrio, A.
29
Pueyo-Ros, J.
34
Dentico, A.
30
Pultrone, G.
35
Di Salvatore, S.
17
Ramkissoon, H.
36
Doganer, S.
10
Randilini, F. W. D.
37
Falasca, C. C.
18
Reis, M.
41
Faria, S. D.
7, 14
Ribas, A.
27, 34, 38
Fejes, É.
19
Ricart, S.
38
Ferber, A. L.
20
Roset, D.
38
Ferreira, P.
21
Saiu, V.
39
Fraguell, R. M.
34
Santana, R.
3
Seabra, C.
George-Marcelpoil, E.
6
21, 40, 41
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Seidel, S.
42
Silva, C.
43
Siti, M.
8
Stack, S. H.
16
Staffieri, S.
13
Steiger, R.
33
Stevic, I.
44
Tennekoon, M. B. P.
37
Tiago, F.
7, 14
Tiago, T.
7, 14
Velander, K.
45
Wilson, P.
45