Presentation of Visual Art in Interactive 3D Environments

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/eva2014.29
%H\RQGWKH:KLWH&XEH3UHVHQWDWLRQRI
9LVXDO$UWLQ,QWHUDFWLYH'(QYLURQPHQWV
-HQL0DOHVKNRYD
4XHHQ0DU\8QLYHUVLW\RI/RQGRQ
0HGLDDQG$UWV7HFKQRORJ\'7&
6FKRRORI(OHFWURQLF(QJLQHHULQJ
DQG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH
8QLWHG.LQJGRP
[email protected]
0DWWKHZ3XUYHU
4XHHQ0DU\8QLYHUVLW\RI/RQGRQ
&RJQLWLYH6FLHQFH5HVHDUFK*URXS
6FKRRORI(OHFWURQLF(QJLQHHULQJ
DQG&RPSXWHU6FLHQFH
8QLWHG.LQJGRP
[email protected]
New Media has not only revolutionized the way art is made but also how it is presented and
curated. In this context, Virtual Reality offers exciting new possibilities, which can be encapsulated
as 3D interactive features for the Web. We present two projects along these lines, and describe
their effects on user engagement and interaction.
Art presentation. Art communication. Interaction. Virtual reality. Curating.
' DUW JDOOHU\ %RWK YLUWXDO H[KLELWLRQV KDYH
LGHQWLFDO YLVXDO DQG WH[W LQIRUPDWLRQ GHOLYHUHG LQ
WZRGLIIHUHQWZD\V±DVDW\SLFDOYLUWXDOJDOOHU\DQG
XVLQJ RXU LQWHUDFWLYH DSSOLFDWLRQ 7KH UHVXOWV VKRZ
WKDWWKHSURSRVHGDSSURDFKZDVSHUFHLYHGDVPRUH
HQMR\DEOH DQG HQJDJLQJ 7KH VHFRQG XVHU VWXG\
WRRN SODFH DW WKH 9LFWRULD DQG $OEHUW 0XVHXP LQ
/RQGRQ 7KHUH WKH SURMHFW ZDV SUHVHQWHG DV DQ
LQWHUDFWLYHLQVWDOODWLRQZLWKZKLFKYLVLWRUVZHUHDEOH
WRH[SORUHWKHSDLQWLQJV
1. INTRODUCTION
7KHFKDOOHQJHRIPRGHUQH[KLELWLRQVLVWRLQYLWHWKH
YLHZHUQRWMXVWWRVWDQGDQGVWDUHEXWDOVRWRWKLQN
DORQJ 'LJLWDO WHFKQRORJLHV FDQ KHOS WKLV E\
SURYLGLQJDQHVFDSHIURPUHDOLW\RIIHULQJWKHRSWLRQ
WRYLHZWKLQJVLQDQLPDJLQDU\ZRUOGRULQZD\VWKDW
WKH SK\VLFDO ZRUOG GRHV QRW DOORZ 7KH PDMRULW\ RI
FXUUHQW DUW GLVSOD\ DSSOLFDWLRQV KRZHYHU DLP WR
ORRN DQG IHHO OLNH WKH UHDO ZRUOG ZH WDNH WKH
RSSRVLWH DSSURDFK DLPLQJ WR H[SORLW GLJLWDO
SRVVLELOLWLHVWRRIIHUDGLIIHUHQWH[SHULHQFHIURPWKDW
WKHXVHUKDVLQDFRPPRQH[KLELWLRQVSDFH
)ROORZLQJWKLVIUDPHZRUNZHSUHVHQWWZRH[DPSOHV
ZKLFKVKRZFDVHKRZDGYDQFHGWHFKQLFDOWRROVFDQ
EH DSSOLHG IRU WKH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI YLVXDO DUW %RWK
SURMHFWV FRQWULEXWH WRZDUGV HVFDSLQJ IURP WKH
FRPPRQ H[KLELWLRQ VSDFH JLYLQJ WKH XVHU WKH
RSWLRQWRH[SORUHSDLQWLQJVQRWRQO\LQWHUDFWLYHO\EXW
DOVRLQDXQLTXHVXUURXQGLQJGLIILFXOWWRVLPXODWHLQ
WKH UHDO ZRUOG )LUVW ZH SURSRVH D 9LUWXDO 5HDOLW\
SDYLOLRQ ZKRVH GHVLJQ SXUSRVH LV WR FRQWULEXWH WR
WKH SHUFHSWLRQ RI WKH GLVSOD\HG SDLQWLQJV 6HFRQG
ZH SURYLGH D IUHHYLHZSRLQW YLGHR LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
IRU WKH :HE FUHDWLQJ D FRPPRQ SODFH ZKHUH
SRUWUDLWV DQG UHDO DFWRUV SHUIRUP WRJHWKHU LQ D
YLUWXDO HQYLURQPHQW DV SOD\HUV LQ D VWRU\WHOOLQJ
SUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG ZKHUH WKH XVHU FDQ LQWHUDFWLYHO\
H[SORUH WKH DUWZRUNV DQG FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ
WKHP
)RUWKHVHFRQGSURMHFWWZRXVHUVWXGLHVKDYHEHHQ
SHUIRUPHG 7KH ILUVW VWXG\ FRPSDUHV RXU YLUWXDO
HQYLURQPHQW DSSURDFK ZLWK WKDW RI D FRQYHQWLRQDO
2. MOTIVATION
2QO\ XQWLO UHFHQWO\ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO YLHZ RI WKH
IUDPHZRUN IRU DUW DQG PHGLD SUHVHQWDWLRQ ZDV
JXLGHG E\ FRPPRQO\ DFFHSWHG DQG IL[HG
VWHUHRW\SHV 7KH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI DUW WR D EURDG
DXGLHQFHEHJDQZLWKWKH3DULVLDQVDORQVLQWKHODWH
EDURTXH WLPH ,Q WKHVH VDORQV SDLQWLQJV ZHUH
GLVSOD\HGRQWKHZKROHZDOOZLWKRXWDQ\FRQFHSWRI
SODFHPHQW DQG MXVW IROORZLQJ WKH UXOH ± ODUJH
SDLQWLQJV RQ WKH WRS VPDOO RQHV RQ WKH ERWWRP
/DWHU RQ LQWKHWKFHQWXU\ DUWZRUNVZHUH XVXDOO\
WK
SUHVHQWHGRQO\RQH\HOHYHO6LQFHWKH FHQWXU\
WKHLGHDOURRPIRUH[KLELWLQJYLVXDODUWLVEHOLHYHGWR
QRW RYHUZKHOP WKH DUWZRUN DQG LW VKRXOG EH DV
VLPSOHDVSRVVLEOH2¶'RKHUW\7KHDUWLVWVRI
WKH WK FHQWXU\ ZHUH XVHG RI KDYLQJ ZKLWH
VXUURXQGLQJ DV DQ H[KLELWLRQ VSDFH 8VXDOO\ WKLV
HQYLURQPHQWZDVWDNHQDVDJLYHQZLWKRXWRIIHULQJ
PXFK RSWLRQ IRU FKDQJLQJ RU DGMXVWLQJ LW LQ
DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH SUHVHQWHG DUWZRUN 6LPLODUO\
PRGHUQ
PXVHXPV
ZHUH
GHVLJQHG
DQG
FRQFHSWXDOLVHG LQVXFKD ZD\ WKDWWKH LQQHUVSDFH
Beyond the white cube: presentation of visual art in interactive 3D environments
Jeni Maleshkova & Matthew Purver
KLJKHUOHYHORIQDYLJDWLRQDOVXSSRUWDUHPRUHOLNHO\
WR H[SORUH WKH JDOOHU\ DQG HQMR\ WKHPVHOYHV LQ
FRPSDULVRQ WR RWKHU JDOOHULHV $ UHFHQW ZRUN
)DVVEHQGHU et al. FRQVLGHUV WKH
RSSRUWXQLWLHV RI LQYROYLQJ WKUHH QHZ PHGLD
WHFKQRORJLHV LQWR DUW JDOOHULHV LQ $XVWUDOLD WR VHUYH
UHPRWH FRPPXQLWLHV 7KH GLVFXVVHG WHFKQRORJLHV
FRPSULVH XVHUFRQWUROOHG ,QWHUQHW FDPHUD OLYH
VWUHDP RI SRLQWRIYLHZ FXUDWRU IORRU WDONV DQG D
6HFRQG /LIH DUW JDOOHU\ ZLWK YRLFHWH[W FKDW 7KH
UHVXOWV VXSSRUW WKH WKHVLV WKDW LQWURGXFLQJ XVHU
FRQWUROOHG GHYLFHV VLJQLILFDQWO\ LQFUHDVH WKH WLPH
VSHQWYLHZLQJSDLQWLQJV0HWKRGVIRUGHYHORSLQJDQ
HPERGLHGWRXUJXLGHWKURXJKDYDWDUVDUHGHVFULEHG
LQ;LDQJet al.DQG=KHQJet al.
,QWURGXFLQJ QHZ PHWKRGV DQG WHFKQRORJLHV LQ
YLUWXDO DUW PXVHXPV DQG JDOOHULHV FDQ EH
FRQVLGHUHG LQ VHYHUDO GLUHFWLRQV 2QH JURXS RI
UHVHDUFKHUV $PLFLV et al. &DYD]]D et al.
LQYHVWLJDWHWKHSURVSHFWLYHRILQYROYLQJJDPH
HQJLQH¶V WHFKQRORJ\ 7KHVH WRROV FDQ EH
LQFRUSRUDWHG ERWK LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH VSDWLDO
OD\RXW RI WKH YLUWXDO JDOOHU\ DQG LQ HGLWLQJ DQG
PDQLSXODWLQJ KLJKTXDOLW\ WH[WXUHV UHSUHVHQWLQJ
SRUWLRQV RI WKH RULJLQDO LPDJHV $QRWKHU WUHQG IRU
LQYROYLQJKDSWLFGHYLFHVLQWKHYLUWXDOUHDOLW\V\VWHP
DQGSURYLGLQJVRWKHXVHUZLWKWKHDELOLW\WRLQWHUDFW
ZLWK WKH HQYLURQPHQW QRW RQO\ WKURXJK WKH VHQVHV
RIVLJKWDQGKHDULQJEXWDOVRRIWRXFKLVSUHVHQWHG
E\%HUJDPDVFRet al.DQG0LQDPL]DZDet al.
&RQFHUQLQJ WKH GHVFULSWLRQ RI WKH YLUWXDO
VFHQH LW FDQ EH QRWLFHG WKDW WKH 9LUWXDO 5HDOLW\
0RGHOOLQJ /DQJXDJH 950/ LV VWLOO GRPLQDQW LQ
PRVW LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV (FNHUW et al. )RUWLQR
et al. +HUQDQGH] et al. 0DVD et al.
7KH WUDGLWLRQDO IXQFWLRQV RI D YLUWXDO JDOOHU\
WRYLVXDOL]HYLUWXDOREMHFWVDUHHQKDQFHGLQHDFKRI
WKLV ZRUNV E\ FRPSOHPHQWDU\ IHDWXUHV OLNH PRYLH
RQGHPDQGZLUHOHVVPXOWLXVHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQG
VRFLDOQHWZRUNLQJ
3UHVHQWDWLRQ RI QHZ PHGLD DUW SURMHFWV LV JLYHQ LQ
%RYFRQ +XQJ et al. 6LQJK 7KHVH SDSHUV PDNH ZHOONQRZQ DUWLVWV DQG WKHLU
ZRUN SRSXODU WR WKH FRPSXWHU JUDSKLFV UHVHDUFK
FRPPXQLW\ DQG GHPRQVWUDWH SRWHQWLDO ILHOGV RI
DUWLVWLFDQGFUHDWLYHDSSOLFDWLRQV
RIIHUHG YHU\ IHZ RSWLRQV IRU DGMXVWPHQWV DQG
WDLORULQJWRWKHSDUWLFXODUDUWLVW¶VQHHG
7KH XVH RI QHZ WHFKQRORJLHV LQ WKH ILHOG RI DUW
SUHVHQWDWLRQ JLYHV DUWLVW DQG FXUDWRUV QXPHURXV
H[FLWLQJ RSSRUWXQLWLHV %HU\O *UDKDP VWDWHV LQ KLV
ERRN µ5HWKLQNLQJ &XUDWLQJ ± $UW DIWHU 1HZ 0HGLD¶
*UDKDP
³1HZ PHGLD DUW SUHVHQWV WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ IRU D
FRPSOHWHUHWKLQNRIFXUDWRULDOSUDFWLFHIURPKRZ
DUWLVOHJLWLPDWHGDQGKRZPXVHXPGHSDUWPHQWV
DUH IRXQGHG WR KRZ FXUDWRUV HQJDJH ZLWK WKH
SURGXFWLRQ RI DUWZRUN DQG KRZ WKH\ VHW DERXW
WKH PDQ\ WDVNV ZLWKLQ WKH SURFHVV RI VKRZLQJ
WKDWDUWWRDQDXGLHQFH´
7KH LQQRYDWLRQ SRWHQWLDO LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI PHGLD
SUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG H[KLELWLRQ VSDFHV GHVLJQ LV YHU\
KLJK 7KH YLHZHU RI PRGHUQ H[KLELWLRQV LV QRW
LQYLWHGWRMXVWVWDQGDQGREVHUYHEXWWRWKLQNDORQJ
,QWKHFRQWH[WRIHPSOR\LQJQHZWHFKQRORJLHVIRUDUW
GLVSOD\9LUWXDO5HDOLW\DQGWKHEHQHILWVLWRIIHUVFDQ
EHYHU\XVHIXO)XUWKHUPRUHWKHVHFDQEHPLUURUHG
LQWKHIRUP'IHDWXUHVIRU ZHEVLWHVZKLFKFDQEH
XVHGIRUFRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGSUHVHQWDWLRQRIDUW
,Q WKLV FRQWH[W WKH SURMHFWV SUHVHQWHG KHUH DLP WR
FRQWULEXWH WRZDUGV HVFDSLQJ IURP WKH FRPPRQ
VSDFH IRU DUW SUHVHQWDWLRQ E\ FUHDWLQJ D YLUWXDO
DSSOLFDWLRQ WKDW EHQHILWV IURP WKH WHFKQRORJ\ XVHG
DQGDXJPHQWVWKHSUHVHQWHGDUWZRUNE\RIIHULQJDQ
LQWHUDFWLYHDQGHQKDQFHGDXGLHQFHH[SHULHQFH,WLV
QRW RXU LQWHQWLRQ WKDW WKH YLUWXDO VSDFH VKRXOG ORRN
DQG IHHO OLNH WKH UHDO ZRUOG ZKLFK WKH PDMRULW\ RI
WKH FXUUHQW DSSOLFDWLRQV DUH DLPLQJ WR DFKLHYH EXW
UDWKHU SURYLGH DQ HVFDSH IURP UHDOLW\ RIIHULQJ WKH
RSWLRQ WR YLHZ DQG H[SORUH WKLQJV LQ D VLPXODWHG
ZRUOG DQG WR FUHDWH NQRZOHGJH DERXW WKH DUWZRUNV
RI LQWHUHVW 7KHUHIRUH RXU SXUSRVH LV WR RIIHU D
GLIIHUHQW H[SHULHQFH IURP WKDW WKH XVHU KDV LQ D
FRPPRQH[KLELWLRQVSDFH
3. RELATED WORK
$Q HDUO\ VWXG\ GLVFXVVLQJ DSSURDFKHV RI FUHDWLQJ
DQ ,QWHUQHW JDOOHU\ LV SUHVHQWHG LQ 0XOOHU et al.
7KH DXWKRUV DUJXH WKDW WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW
DVSHFW RI DQ ,QWHUQHW JDOOHU\ LV YLVXDOLVDWLRQ ZKLOH
WKH SK\VLFDO SUHVHQFH KDV MXVW D VHFRQGDU\
VLJQLILFDQFH HVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKH EX\LQJ SURFHVV
)ROORZLQJ WKLV FRQFHSW WKH PDLQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI
WKH YLUWXDO JDOOHU\ DUH GHILQHG WR EH IDVW VHDUFK
IXQFWLRQDOLW\ DQG GLVSOD\LQJ RI WKH XVHU
V TXHU\
UHVXOWLQJRRGTXDOLW\/DWHUSDSHUV+HQGULFNVet al.
8OOULFKet al.HPSKDVL]HWKHLPSRUWDQFH
RI ' SUHVHQWDWLRQ DQG LQWHUDFWLYH QDYLJDWLRQ LQ
YLUWXDOPXVHXPDQGJDOOHULHV
2QH RI WKH FHQWUDO ILQGLQJV LV WKDW YLVLWRUV LQ
JDOOHULHV RUJDQL]HG DV ' HQYLURQPHQWV ZLWK
4. OUR APPROACH
7R RXU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DERYH DQG EH\RQG WHFKQLFDO
LPSURYHPHQWV D FULWLFDO LVVXH IRU IXUWKHU
GHYHORSPHQW LV WKH FUHDWLRQ RI QHZ DSSURDFKHV
DQG PHWKRGV IRU GHOLYHULQJ WKH FRQWHQW WR WKH XVHU
LQ DQ LQYROYLQJ DQG HQWHUWDLQLQJ ZD\ 7KH YLUWXDO
HQYLURQPHQW VKRXOG QRW WU\ WR UHSURGXFH WKH UHDO
RQH,QVWHDGWKHYLUWXDOUHDOLW\V\VWHPKDVWRFUHDWH
D VSHFLILF HQYLURQPHQW D VSDFH ZKHUH WKH YLHZHU
Beyond the white cube: presentation of visual art in interactive 3D environments
Jeni Maleshkova & Matthew Purver
DQGWRGLVFRYHUVRPHSLHFHVRILQIRUPDWLRQKLGGHQ
LQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW JDLQLQJ NQRZOHGJH DERXW WKH
REVHUYHGREMHFWVLQDQHQWHUWDLQLQJPDQQHU
JHWV DGGLWLRQDO LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH DUWZRUNV DQG
FDQH[SORUHDQGGLVFRYHUQHZIDFWVDQGGHWDLOV
:H DLP WR HPSRZHU WKH XVHU WR LQWHUDFWLYHO\
H[SORUH WKH YLUWXDO H[KLELWLRQVSDFH ZLWKRXWKDYLQJ
WRSK\VLFDOO\JRVRPHZKHUH2XUJRDOLVWRGHYHORS
DQDSSOLFDWLRQWKDWJLYHVWKHXVHUWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WR
H[SORUH DUWZRUNV LQWHUDFWLYHO\ LQ D YLUWXDO
HQYLURQPHQW )XUWKHUPRUH WKH LQWHQWLRQ KHUH LV WR
IRFXVRQWKHDGYDQWDJHVWKDW'WHFKQRORJ\RIIHUV
IRU YLHZLQJ DQG H[SORULQJ SDLQWLQJV LQ D YLUWXDO
VSDFH DQG QRW WR WU\ WR UHFUHDWH D FRPSOHWHO\
UHDOLVWLF HQYLURQPHQW DV ZH NQRZ LW IURP FRPPRQ
H[KLELWLRQ VSDFHV :H ZDQW WR OHDYH EHKLQG WKH
XVXDO JDOOHU\ VXUURXQGLQJ IRU SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI
DUWZRUNV DQG RIIHU WKH YLHZHUV WKH SRVVLELOLW\ WR
GLVFRYHU DQG LQWHUSUHW WKH SDLQWLQJV RQ WKHLU RZQ
:H ZDQW WR GHVLJQ D V\VWHP WKDW DOORZV SHRSOH WR
LQWHUDFWLYHO\H[SORUHYLVXDODUW
)XUWKHUPRUH ZH ZDQW WR HQJDJH WKH XVHUV E\
LQYROYLQJ WKHP LQWR D VWRU\ WKDW FRQQHFWV WKH
UHSUHVHQWHG SDLQWLQJV 2XU LQWHQWLRQ LV WR GHOLYHU
WKHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKHSDLQWLQJVQRWMXVWDVDOLVW
RIIDFWVEXWDVDQDUUDWLYHWKDWVWLPXODWHVSHRSOHWR
WKLQNDORQJDQGIHHOPRUHHQJDJHGZLWKWKHDUW
5.1 Virtual reality pavilion
,Q WKLV SURMHFW WKH DUUDQJHPHQW RI WKH YLVXDOLVDWLRQ
HQYLURQPHQW LV HVSHFLDOO\ GHVLJQHG IRU 6WHIDQ
+RHQHUORK¶V SLFWXUHV 7KH DUWLVW¶V ZRUN UHSUHVHQWV
WKHDUFKLWHFWXUHRIDQLPDJLQDU\FLW\ZLWKYLHZVWKDW
DUH WUXH WR WKH UHDOLW\ 7KLV FLW\ H[LVWV RQO\ LQ KLV
FUHDWLYH PLQG ([SRVHG LQ DQ HVSHFLDOO\ GHVLJQHG
H[KLELWLRQ VSDFH WKH SDLQWLQJV VKRXOG LQFUHDVH
WKHLU LPSDFW DQG WKH ZD\ WKH\ DUH REVHUYHG 7KH
YLHZHU LV FRQIURQWHG ZLWK DQ H[KLELWLRQ
HQYLURQPHQWGLYLGHGLQWRWZRYHUWLFDOOHYHOVZKLFK
IXUWKHU FRQVLGHUHG VKRXOG UHSUHVHQW WZR GLIIHUHQW
ZRUOGV ± RQH RI +RHQHUORK¶V DEDQGRQHG FLW\ DQG
DQRWKHU PRUH VLPLODU WR RXUV IXOO RI OLJKW DQG OLIH
2Q WKH JURXQG OHYHO WKH YLVLWRU LV ZHOFRPHG LQ D
EULJKW VSDFH ZLWK JUHHQ SODQWV DQG FRPIRUWDEOH
VHDWVVHH)LJXUH2QWKHXSSHUOHYHODSODWIRUP
IXQFWLRQVDV D ORRNRXWVWDJHIRUREVHUYDWLRQRIWKH
LPDJLQDU\ FLW\ ,Q WKH VDPH WLPH VWDQGLQJ RQ WKH
SODWIRUP WKH YLHZHU FDQ VWLOO VHH WKH JURXQG OHYHO
ZKLFK LQ FRQWUDVW WR WKH SDLQWLQJV LV IXOO RI OLIH
)LJXUH
7KHSRVVLELOLWLHVRIVWHUHRVFRSLFYLVXDOLVDWLRQRIWKH
SDYLOLRQ ERWK RQ D GHVNWRS DQG RQ LPPHUVLYH 95
V\VWHPV KDYH EHHQ LQYHVWLJDWHG 7KLV DSSURDFK
JLYHV XV DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR GHVLJQ HQYLURQPHQWV LQ
ZKLFK WKH DUWZRUNV FDQ IXOO\ H[SDQG WKHLU LPSDFW
DQG WKH XVHU KDV WKH SRVVLELOLW\ WR KDYH DQ
LQWHUDFWLYH H[SHULHQFH DQG H[SORUH WKH DUW LQ D
GLIIHUHQWFRQWH[W
5. PROJECTS
1HZ PHGLD DUWLVWV DUH H[SDQGLQJ WKHLU SUDFWLFH
FRQWLQXDOO\ XVLQJ LQFUHDVLQJO\ FRPSOH[ WHFKQLFDO
WRROV :H SUHVHQW WZR SURMHFWV ZKLFK H[SORUH QRW
RQO\ WKH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI YLVXDO DUWV XVLQJ WKH VWDWH
RIWKHDUW95WHFKQRORJLHVEXWDOVRLQYHVWLJDWHWKH
VHQVH RI HVFDSLVP DQG MRXUQH\ ZKLFK DXGLHQFHV
VHHN RXW ZKHQ VHOHFWLQJ WR HQJDJH ZLWK YLHZLQJ
FRQWHPSRUDU\ QHZ PHGLD DUW LQ WKLV PHGLXP 7KH
DLP RI WKH ILUVW SURMHFW LV WR GHVLJQ DQ DUWLILFLDO
SUHVHQWDWLRQ VSDFH ZKLFK FRQWULEXWHV WR WKH
FUHDWLRQ RI DQ DSSURSULDWH DWPRVSKHUH IRU EHWWHU
SHUFHSWLRQ RI WKH PHVVDJH WKH DUWZRUN LV LQWHQGHG
WRGHOLYHU:HDQDO\VHQRWRQO\KRZDUWZRUNVVXFK
DV SDLQWLQJV LQ 95 DUH REVHUYHG DQG SHUFHLYHG
EXW DOVR WKHLU UHODWLRQVKLS WR WKH YLUWXDO
VXUURXQGLQJVWKH\RFFXS\DQGKRZWKHXVHUVRI95
HTXLSPHQWQDYLJDWHDURXQGDYLUWXDOVSDFHWRYLHZ
WKHP :H GR WKLV ILUVW E\ FUHDWLQJ D IUDPHZRUN LQ
ZKLFK ZH GHVLJQ YLUWXDO SDYLOLRQV LQ WKH WUDGLWLRQDO
VW\OHRISK\VLFDOSDYLOLRQVOLNHWKRVHZKLFKH[LVWLQ
WKH SK\VLFDO ZRUOG EXW DOVR XVLQJ WKH DGYDQWDJHV
RI XQLTXH 95 VXUURXQGLQJV WR ZKLFK 95 ZRUOG
GHVLJQHUV DQG XVHUV DUH DOUHDG\ DFFXVWRPHG $
GHHSHULQYHVWLJDWLRQLVVRXJKWE\DVHFRQGSURMHFW
ZKLFKSURPRWHVLQWHUDFWLRQIURPREVHUYHUVWKURXJK
WKHXVHRIDVSHFLDOO\FRQVWUXFWHGFRPPRQDUHDLQ
ZKLFK DFWRUV SHUIRUP LQ D YLUWXDO HQYLURQPHQW
SRSXODWHGE\GLVWLQJXLVKHGDQGHDVLO\UHFRJQLVDEOH
SRUWUDLWV LQ WKH YLUWXDO VSDFH 7KH LQWHQWLRQ KHUH LV
WR VWLPXODWH WKH YLHZHU WR VWHS RXW RI WKH UROH RI
SDVVLYH VSHFWDWRU WR EHFRPH DQ DFWLYH SDUWLFLSDQW
Figure 1: Image of the Virtual Reality Pavilion
Beyond the white cube: presentation of visual art in interactive 3D environments
Jeni Maleshkova & Matthew Purver
Figure 2: Image of the Virtual Reality Pavilion
Figure 4: When the correct view point and angle are
found the image of the portrait with accompanying
information are shown
5.2 A WebGL implementation of a freeviewpoint video
6. STUDIES
7KHVHFRQGSURMHFWZDVLPSOHPHQWHGXVLQJDPXOWL
FDPHUD FDSWXULQJ V\VWHP DQG D ' :HE*/
UHQGHULQJ WRRO 0DOHVKNRYD et al. 7KH
VWRU\OLQHIRUWKHVKRRWRIWKHYLGHRLVDQDFWRUZKR
PDWFKHV WKH SRVH RI WKH FKDUDFWHU LQ HDFK RI ILYH
VHOHFWHG SRUWUDLWV 7KH DFWRU FKDQJHV KLV ERG\
SRVWXUH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH SRVH RI WKH FKDUDFWHU LQ
WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SDLQWLQJ 7KH SRUWUDLWV DUH
FKRVHQ EHFDXVH WKH\ DUH DOO FRQQHFWHG WR RQH
DQRWKHUDQGWHOODVWRU\WKDWWKHXVHULVFKDOOHQJHG
WRGLVFRYHUE\QDYLJDWLQJLQWRWKHYLUWXDOVSDFHDQG
ORRNLQJ IRU WKH DUWLVW SHUVSHFWLYH )LJXUH 2QFH
WKH FRUUHFW YLHZ SRLQW DQG DQJOH DUH IRXQG WKH
LPDJHRIWKHSRUWUDLWDSSHDUV)LJXUHDORQJZLWK
VRPH WH[W LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH DUWLVW DQG WKH
FRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHILYHSDLQWLQJV
7ZR VWXGLHV KDYH EHHQ SHUIRUPHG WR LQYHVWLJDWH
XVHU EHKDYLRXU DQG HQJDJHPHQW ZLWK WKH VHFRQG
SURMHFW
6.1 First study
$V SDUW RI WKH VWXG\ WZR SURWRW\SHV KDYH EHHQ
GHYHORSHG %RWK RI WKHP GLVSOD\ WKH VDPH ILYH
SRUWUDLWVRIZHOONQRZQSDLQWHUV+RZHYHUWKHWRROV
WKDWDUHXVHGWRFRPPXQLFDWHWKHQDUUDWLYHEHKLQG
WKHVH SDLQWLQJV DUH TXLWH GLIIHUHQW ,Q WKH ILUVW
SURWRW\SH ZH KDYH H[HFXWHG D UDWKHU LQQRYDWLYH
PHWKRG XVLQJ WKH IUHHYLHZSRLQW YLGHR FDSWXULQJ
V\VWHPGHVFULEHGLQVHFWLRQ
3URWRW\SH WZR LV LPSOHPHQWHG E\ XVLQJ WKH JDPH
HQJLQHUnity+HUHWKHSDLQWLQJVDUHGLVSOD\HGLQD
YLUWXDOHQYLURQPHQWZKLFKUHFUHDWHVWKHVHWWLQJRID
W\SLFDO JDOOHU\ URRP )LJXUH 7KH LQWHUDFWLYLW\ RI
WKLV SURWRW\SH LV OLPLWHG WR WKH QDYLJDWLRQ LQ WKH
YLUWXDO URRP 7KH LQIRUPDWLRQ WR HDFK SRUWUDLW LV
VKRZQDVDWH[WQH[WWRHDFKLPDJH
Figure 3: Top: the scene with the actor taking the pose
of the character in the corresponding painting. Bottom:
the storyline of the five portraits
Figure 5: Paintings presented in a typical virtual gallery
room
Beyond the white cube: presentation of visual art in interactive 3D environments
Jeni Maleshkova & Matthew Purver
ILQDO SDUW RI WKH VXUYH\ ZDV WR DVN WKH XVHUV WR
GHILQHWKHWZRYLUWXDOH[KLELWLRQVLQDIHZZRUGV
7KLV VWXG\ DLPV WR FRPSDUH WKH WZR GLIIHUHQW
DSSURDFKHV :H KDYH WZR SURWRW\SHV RI '
HQYLURQPHQWV ZKLFK GLVSOD\ WKH VDPH ILYH
SDLQWLQJVDQGJLYHLGHQWLFDOWH[WLQIRUPDWLRQEXWXVH
GLYHUVHPHWKRGVIRUFRPPXQLFDWLQJWKHP:HZDQW
WRH[DPLQHWKHGLIIHUHQFHVLQWKHSHUFHSWLRQRIWKH
LQIRUPDWLRQ GHOLYHUHG WKURXJK WZR GLIIHUHQW
DSSURDFKHV7KHRUGHULQZKLFKWKHSURWRW\SHVDUH
VKRZQ WR WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV LV LPSRUWDQW IRU WKH
DQDO\VLV RI WKH UHVXOWV RI WKLV VWXG\ 7KXV WKH
SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH GLYLGHG LQWR WZR VLPLODU JURXSV ±
WKH ILUVW JURXS ZDV VKRZQ 3URWRW\SH ILUVW WKHQ
3URWRW\SH 7R WKH VHFRQG JURXS WKH SURWRW\SHV
ZHUH SUHVHQWHG YLFH YHUVD ,Q RUGHU WR KDYH WZR
IDLUO\ LGHQWLFDO JURXSV RI SHRSOH WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV
ZHUH UHTXHVWHG WR FRPSOHWH D VKRUW VXUYH\ ZKHUH
WKH\ZHUHDVNHGWRVKDUHJHQHUDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW
WKHPVHOYHV VXFK DV QDPH JHQGHU DJH DQG
RFFXSDWLRQ $GGLWLRQDOO\ WR HVWDEOLVK WKHLU OHYHO RI
NQRZOHGJH LQ WKH ILHOGV RI YLVXDO DUW DQG YLUWXDO
UHDOLW\ WHFKQRORJ\ SDUWLFLSDQWV KDG WR SHUIRUP D
VPDOOWDVNRQOLQH7KHUHVXOWVIURPWKHVXUYH\ZHUH
XVHG WR VSOLW WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV LQ WZR JURXSV
+RZHYHULQWKHSURFHVVRIWKHGHVLJQRIWKHVWXG\
DQDGGLWLRQDOVXUYH\ZDVODXQFKHGWKDWDVNVSHRSOH
GLUHFWO\ WR UDWH WKHLU OHYHO RI NQRZOHGJH )URP WKH
ILUVW VXUYH\ ZH DVVXPHG SHRSOH¶V H[SHUWLVH IURP
WKHLU DQVZHUV ZKHUHDV LQ WKH VHFRQG VXUYH\ ZH
WRRNSDUWLFLSDQW¶VRZQMXGJPHQWIRUYDOLGDWLRQ%RWK
VXUYH\VKHOSHGXVWRGHILQHWKHWZRJURXSVEXWDOVR
JDYHXVDQLQVLJKWRIWKHRYHUODSEHWZHHQSHRSOH¶V
VHOIHYDOXDWLRQDQGWKHUHVXOWVIURPWKHLUDQVZHUV
2QFH WKH RQOLQH VXUYH\ ZDV FRPSOHWHG SHRSOH
ZHUH DVNHG WR WDNH SDUW LQ D RQHWRRQH ZRUNVKRS
VHVVLRQ 3DUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH HQFRXUDJHG WR VHW WKHLU
LPDJLQDWLRQ IUHH DQG SUHVHQW WKH ILYH SDLQWLQJV LQ
DQ\SRVVLEOHZD\XVLQJHYHU\GD\FUDIWLQJPDWHULDOV
)LJXUH 8VHUV ZHUH JLYHQ QR LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW
WKH SDLQWLQJV ,QVWHDG WKH\ ZHUH DVNHG WR PDNH
WKHLU RZQ FRQQHFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH SRUWUDLWV DQG LI
WKH\ FRXOG ± WKLQN DERXW D VWRU\ WKDW PLJKW SXW WKH
DUWZRUNVLQWKHVDPHFRQWH[W3DUWLFLSDQWVZHUHOHIW
WRWKLQNIRUFLUFDILYHWRWHQPLQXWHVDERXWKRZDQG
ZK\ ZRXOG WKH\ SUHVHQW WKH SDLQWLQJV 1H[W WKH\
ZHUHDVNHGWRPDNHDVNHWFKRUDSDSHUSURWRW\SH
RI WKHLU GLVSOD\ VROXWLRQ DQG H[SODLQ WKH LQWHQWLRQ
EHKLQG WKHLU FRQFHSW )LJXUH 7KH GLVSOD\ LGHDV
IURP WKH SDSHU SURWRW\SHV ZHUH FROOHFWHG DQG DUH
JRLQJ WR EH LQWHJUDWHG LQ XVHULQLWLDWHG GHVLJQ
IHDWXUHVIRUDQHZYLUWXDOJDOOHU\SURWRW\SH
$IWHU WKH GHVLJQ WDVN WKH SDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH VKRZQ
WKHWZRSURWRW\SHV7KH WDVNJLYHQWRWKHPZDVWR
H[SORUH WKH SDLQWLQJV LQ WKH WZR YLUWXDO
HQYLURQPHQWV $IWHU H[SHULHQFLQJ ERWK DUW
SUHVHQWDWLRQ H[KLELWLRQ IRUPV SHRSOH ZHUH DVNHG
IRU WKHLU IHHGEDFN E\ XVLQJ D TXHVWLRQQDLUH 7KH\
FRPSDUHGERWK SURWRW\SHV RQDVFDOH DFFRUGLQJWR
WKHLU SHUFHSWLRQ RQ OHYHO RI HQJDJHPHQW DQG
LQIRUPDWLRQFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQERWKSURWRW\SHV 7KH
Figure 6: Users participating in the first study
Figure 7: Users making a paper prototype
6.2 Results from the first study
7KHUHVXOWVIURPWKHILUVWVWXG\FDQEHVXPPDULVHG
DVIROORZ
x ,QERWKJURXSVWKHSURWRW\SHVKRZQVHFRQG
ZDVDOZD\VFRQVLGHUHGDVPRUHLQIRUPDWLYH
DQG WKH VWRU\ EHKLQG WKH SDLQWLQJV ZDV
EHWWHUXQGHUVWRRG
x 5HJDUGOHVV RI WKH RUGHU LQ ZKLFK ERWK
YLUWXDO
JDOOHULHV
ZHUH
SUHVHQWHG
SDUWLFLSDQWV IHOW PRUH HQJDJHG ZLWK WKH
QDUUDWLYH XVLQJ WKH LQWHUDFWLYH YLGHR
DSSOLFDWLRQ
x 3DUWLFLSDQWV LQ ERWK JURXSV IRXQG WKH
LQWHUDFWLYHYLGHRDSSOLFDWLRQPRUHHQMR\DEOH
DQGIXQWRXVH
x 7KH LQWHUDFWLYH YLGHR DSSOLFDWLRQ ZDV
GHVFULEHG E\ WKH WHVW XVHUV DV D µgame¶
ZKLOH WKH VHFRQG SURWRW\SH ZDV GHILQHG DV
Dµvirtual gallery’;
x 7KH DELOLW\ WR VHH DOO ILYH SDLQWLQJV DW RQFH
ZDV SRVLWLYHO\ UDWHG LQ WKH YLUWXDO JDOOHU\
YHUVLRQ
Beyond the white cube: presentation of visual art in interactive 3D environments
Jeni Maleshkova & Matthew Purver
6.3 Second study
6.4 Results from the second study
7KH VHFRQG VWXG\ WRRN SODFH DW WKH 9LFWRULD DQG
$OEHUW0XVHXPLQ/RQGRQ7KHSURMHFWGHVFULEHGLQ
section 5.2 ZDV H[KLELWHG DV LQ LQWHUDFWLYH
LQVWDOODWLRQ LQ WKH VFRSH RI D PRQWKO\ HYHQW FDOOHG
µ9$ 'LJLWDO )HDWXUHV¶ )LJXUH 7HQ XVHUV ZHUH
YLGHR DQG DXGLR UHFRUGHG ZKLOH WKH\ ZHUH
LQWHUDFWLQJZLWKWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ:HORRNHGLQWRWKHLU
ERG\ SRVWXUH KDQGV PRYHPHQW DQG JHVWXUH DQG
IDFHH[SUHVVLRQ)LJXUH7KUHHUHVHDUFKHUVZLWK
GLIIHUHQW EDFNJURXQGV ORRNHG LQWR WKH YLGHRV DQG
UDWHGHDFKXVHURQWKHLUHQJDJHPHQWOHYHOZLWKWKH
DSSOLFDWLRQ RQ D VFDOH IURP WR ± QRW DW DOO
HQJDJHG±WRDOLWWOHH[WHQWHQJDJHG±QHXWUDO
± WR D PRGHUDWH H[WHQW HQJDJHG ± WR D ODUJH
H[WHQW HQJDJHG :H DOVR WRRN LQWR DFFRXQW KRZ
PXFK WLPH WKH YLVLWRUV VSHQW ZLWK WKH LQVWDOODWLRQ
ZKHWKHU WKH\ KDG DQ\ LQWHUUXSWLRQV DQG ZKHWKHU
WKH\ZHUHDORQHRULQDJURXS
7KHWHQYLVLWRUVZKRSDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKHVWXG\VSHQW
EHWZHHQ DQG PLQXWHV LQWHUDFWLQJ ZLWK WKH
DSSOLFDWLRQ +DOI RI WKH XVHUV GLG QRW KDYH DQ\
LQWHUUXSWLRQV ZKLOH WKH\ ZHUH WU\LQJ WR ILQG WKH
FRUUHFW YLHZSRLQW LQ WKH YLUWXDO HQYLURQPHQW ZKLOH
WKH RWKHU KDOI RI WKH XVHUV JRW GLVWUDFWHG EHWZHHQ
RQH DQG WKUHH WLPHV VKRZLQJ LQGLFDWLRQV RI OHVV
LQYROYHPHQW LQ WKH SHUIRUPHG DFWLYLW\ 7KUHH
DUELWUDULO\ FKRVHQ LQGHSHQGHQW H[SHUWV ZHUH DVNHG
WR UDWH WKH XVHUV¶ HQJDJHPHQW DFFRUGLQJ WR WKUHH
FDWHJRULHV ± ERG\ SRVWXUH KDQG PRYHPHQW DQG
IDFH H[SUHVVLRQ ,W ZDV WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW KRZ
SHRSOH ZHUH VLWWLQJ ZKHWKHU WKH\ ZHUH RFFXS\LQJ
WKH ZKROH VHDW RU VLWWLQJ RQ WKH HGJH RI WKH FKDLU
$QRWKHUERG\IHDWXUHH[DPLQHGZDVLISHRSOHZHUH
OHDQLQJIRUZDUGRUEDFNZDUGV,WZDVDOVRREVHUYHG
LIXVHUVZHUHXVLQJERWKWKHLUKDQGVWRLQWHUDFWZLWK
WKH V\VWHP RU QRW DQG ZKDW NLQG RI IDFLDO
H[SUHVVLRQ WKH\ KDG ± VPLOH IURZQ LQWHQVH H\H
VWDUH RU LI ZHUH WKH\ RIWHQ ORRNLQJ DZD\ IURP WKH
VFUHHQ
Figure 7: Setting of the installation in the Victoria and
Albert Museum, London
Figure 8: Visitors interacting with the application in the
Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Beyond the white cube: presentation of visual art in interactive 3D environments
Jeni Maleshkova & Matthew Purver
LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH MXGJHPHQWV RI WKH H[SHUWV KDYH
VLJQLILFDQWYDULDWLRQVDWVRPHSRVLWLRQV
,W LV OLNHO\ WKDW WKH VLWXDWLRQ FRXOG EH LPSURYHG E\
LQFUHDVLQJ WKH QXPEHU RI LQGHSHQGHQW H[SHUWV
DQGRU E\ GHILQLQJ PRUH VSHFLILF FKDUDFWHULVWLFV WR
EH HYDOXDWHG LQ RUGHU WR HVWLPDWH XVHUV
HQJDJHPHQW+RZHYHUWKHKLJKYDULDELOLW\RIWKHVH
UDWLQJV DFURVV DOO WKUHH PHDVXUHPHQW FDWHJRULHV
LVLQWHUHVWLQJLQLWVHOIPHDVXULQJXVHU HQJDJHPHQW
LV D QRQWULYLDO WDVN ZKLFK QHHGV FRQVLGHUDWLRQ LI
UHOLDEOH FRQFOXVLRQV DUH WR EH GUDZQ IURP VWXGLHV
VXFKDVWKHVH7KLVSUREOHP ZLOO EH DIRFXVRIRXU
UHVHDUFKDQGHYDOXDWLRQVWXGLHVLQIXWXUH
7KH DYHUDJHG UDWLQJV IURP DOO H[SHUWV IRU ERG\
SRVWXUH KDQGV PRYHPHQW DQG IDFH H[SUHVVLRQ
ZHUH XVHG WR GHILQH WKH RYHUDOO XVHU HQJDJHPHQW
ZLWK WKH V\VWHP DV VKRZQ RQ 7DEOH 7KH LQLWLDO
REVHUYDWLRQVSRLQWHGRXWWKDWWKHMXGJHPHQWVRIWKH
WKUHH H[SHUWV DUH QRW FRQVLVWHQW VKRZLQJ
VLJQLILFDQWGLIIHUHQFHVIRUVRPHRIWKHXVHUV
Table 1: Body posture, hands movement, face
expression and user engagement (averaged over the
three expert ratings; one row per user)
Body
posture
Hands
gestures
Face
expression
Engagement
7. FUTURE WORK
)RUWKHQH[WSKDVHRIRXUUHVHDUFKZHDUHSODQQLQJ
WR SHUIRUP FRQWUROOHG XVHU VWXGLHV 2QH VWXG\ ZLOO
ORRN LQWR KRZ LQWHUDFWLYLW\ FRQWULEXWHV WRZDUGV
VXFFHVVIXO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RI WKH FXUDWRU¶V VWRU\
DERXW WKH SUHVHQWHG SDLQWLQJV DQG WKH FRQQHFWLRQ
EHWZHHQ WKHP )RU WKLV SXUSRVH ZH ZLOO FRPSDUH
WZRDSSOLFDWLRQVSUHVHQWLQJWKHVDPHYLUWXDOJDOOHU\
EXW ZLWK WZR GLIIHUHQW LQWHUDFWLRQ DSSURDFKHV ,Q
RQHFDVHWKHXVHUZRXOGEHDEOHWRQDYLJDWHIUHHO\
LQ WKH YLUWXDO HQYLURQPHQW ZKLOH LQ WKH VHFRQG
VFHQDULRDSHUVRQZRXOGEHDEOHWRLQWHUDFWZLWKWKH
DSSOLFDWLRQRQO\E\VWDUWLQJDQGVWRSSLQJDYLGHRRI
VRPHERG\ HOVH LQWHUDFWLQJ DQG QDYLJDWLQJ ZLWK WKH
YLUWXDOHQYLURQPHQW
)XUWKHUPRUH ZH LQWHQG WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH
FRQWULEXWLRQ RI OLQHDU YV QRQOLQHDU SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI
WKH QDUUDWLYH WKDW FRQQHFWV WKH SDLQWLQJV WR WKH
VXFFHVVIXOFRPPXQLFDWLRQRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW
WKHDUWDQGWRWKHOHYHORIXVHUHQJDJHPHQW
$QRWKHU SRVVLEOH FRPSDULVRQ ZRXOG EH EHWZHHQ
WZRDSSOLFDWLRQVZLWKGLIIHUHQWXVHUDFWLRQVUHTXLUHG
WR UHYHDO WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ TXHVWLRQ ± RQH ZKHUH
WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH DUW LV DXWRPDWLFDOO\
GLVSOD\HG ZKHQ WKH XVHU YLUWXDOO\ DSSURDFKHV WKH
SDLQWLQJ DQG D VHFRQG DSSOLFDWLRQ LQ ZKLFK WKH
XVHUKDVWRSHUIRUPDVPDOOWDVNLQRUGHUWREHDEOH
WRVHHPRUHGHWDLOVDERXWWKHGLVSOD\HGDUW
7KHUDWLQJVIURPWKHWKUHHH[SHUWVZHUHVWDWLVWLFDOO\
DQDO\VHG XVLQJ &RKHQ
V .DSSD )OHLVV D
VWDQGDUG VWDWLVWLF IRU GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH OHYHO RI LQWHU
DQQRWDWRU DJUHHPHQW EHWZHHQ WZR H[SHUWV IRU
TXDOLWDWLYH LWHPV &RKHQ¶V .DSSD WDNHV RQ YDOXHV
EHWZHHQ ± DQG LQGLFDWLQJ SHUIHFW DJUHHPHQW
EHWZHHQ WKH UDWHUV ± LQGLFDWLQJ SHUIHFW
GLVDJUHHPHQW DQG LQGLFDWLQJ WKDW DQ\ DJUHHPHQW
LV WRWDOO\ GXH WR FKDQFH $SSO\LQJ WKLV VFKHPH
DFURVVSDLUVRIWKHH[SHUWVWKHYDOXHVZHUHDURXQG
$QRWKHU PHWKRG WKDW ZH KDYH XVHG IRU
HYDOXDWLQJ WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH UDWHUV ZDV
WKH,QWUD&ODVV&RUUHODWLRQ&RHIILFLHQW,&&ZKLFK
LV DSSOLHG WR H[DPLQH WKH UHOLDELOLW\ RI WKH GDWD
)OHLVV 7KLV PHWKRG FDQ EH LPSOHPHQWHG
XVLQJ WKUHH GLIIHUHQW PRGHOV ,Q RXU UHVHDUFK ZH
KDYH DSSOLHG WKLV RQH E\ ZKLFK UDQGRPO\ FKRVHQ
LQGHSHQGHQW H[SHUWV HYDOXDWH HDFK XVHU¶V
HQJDJHPHQW EDVHG RQ EHKDYLRXU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV
ERG\ SRVWXUH KDQG PRYHPHQW DQG IDFH
H[SUHVVLRQ7KLVDSSURDFKDOORZVEHWWHUHYDOXDWLRQ
RI WKH UHOLDELOLW\ RI UDWLQJV E\ FRPSDULQJ WKH
YDULDELOLW\ RIGLIIHUHQWUDWLQJVRIWKHVDPHH[SHUWWR
WKHWRWDOYDULDWLRQDFURVVDOOUDWLQJVDQGDOOH[SHUWV
)RU FDOFXODWLRQ RI WKH ,&& ZH KDYH DSSOLHG WKH
$129$ $1DO\VLV 2I 9DULDQWV GDWD DQDO\VLV WRRO
DQG IRU WKH GDWD RI ERG\ SRVWXUH KDQG PRYHPHQW
DQG IDFH H[SUHVVLRQ KDYH REWDLQHG YDOXHV IRU ,&&
DURXQG ZLWK DSSUR[LPDWH FRQILGHQFH
LQWHUYDO ORZHU XSSHU 7KHVH UHVXOWV
8. CONCLUSION
1HZWHFKQRORJLHVVXFKDV9LUWXDO5HDOLW\DQGIUHH
YLHZSRLQW YLGHR SURYLGH XV ZLWK H[FLWLQJ
RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR SUHVHQW DUWZRUNV LQ DQ LQWHUDFWLYH
DQG PRUH HQJDJLQJ ZD\ 7KH WZR SURMHFWV
SUHVHQWHG KHUH JLYH XV DQ H[DPSOH RI KRZ ERWK
WHFKQRORJLFDO DQG FUHDWLYH VNLOOVHWV FDQ EH DSSOLHG
LQ WKH SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI YLVXDO DUWZRUNV LQ '
LQWHUDFWLYHHQYLURQPHQWV
Beyond the white cube: presentation of visual art in interactive 3D environments
Jeni Maleshkova & Matthew Purver
+HQGULFNV = 7DQJNXDPSLHQ - DQG 0DODQ N
9LUWXDOJDOOHULHV,V'EHWWHU"AFRIGRAPH
'03: Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality,
Visualisation and Interaction in AfricaSS±
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
0HGLDDQG$UWV7HFKQRORJ\3URJUDPPHDQ5&8.
'RFWRUDO7UDLQLQJ&HQWUHLQWKH'LJLWDO(FRQRP\
%%& 5HVHDUFK DQG 'HYHORSPHQW /DE 3URGXFWLRQ
0DJLF
+HUQDQGH] / 7DLER - 6HRDQH $ /RSH] 5
DQG /RSH] 5 7KH HPSW\ PXVHXP 0XOWL
XVHU LQWHUDFWLRQ LQ DQ LPPHUVLYH DQG SK\VLFDOO\
ZDONDEOH 95 VSDFH Proceedings of IEEE
International Conference on CyberworldsSS±
,(((
10. REFERENCES
$PLFLV 5 *LUDUGL * $QGUHROOL 0 DQG &RQWL *
*DPH EDVHG WHFKQRORJ\ WR HQKDQFH WKH
OHDUQLQJ RI KLVWRU\ DQG FXOWXUDO KHULWDJH ACE '09:
Proceedings of the International Conference on
Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology
S
+XQJ + DQG -DFTXHPLQ & (QFRXQWHU
UHVRQDQFHV MM ’10: Proceedings of the
International Conference on MultimediaSS±
0DOHVKNRYD - 3DQVLRW - DQG *UDX 2 7KURXJK WKH SDLQWHU¶V H\H ,QWHUDFWLYH '
SUHVHQWDWLRQ RI SDLQWLQJV RQ WKH ZHE ,Q
Proceedings of the Conference of Visual Media
Production (CVMP 2012)S$&03UHVV
%HUJDPDVFR0)ULVROL$DQG%DUEDJOL)
+DSWLFV WHFKQRORJLHV DQG FXOWXUDO KHULWDJH
DSSOLFDWLRQV
&RPSXWHU
$QLPDWLRQ
IEEE
Proceedings of the Computer Animation (CA) SS
±,(((
0DVD0=DUD-DQG6PHWDQD3H*D/DE
±DQHZGLPHQVLRQIRUDUWLVWVProceedings of IEEE
International Conference on CyberworldsSS±
,(((
%RYFRQ 1 &RQFHSWXDO SDVVDJHV ± 6UHþR
'UDJDQ¶V QHZ PHGLD DUW SURMHFWV ELMAR, 50th
IEEE International Symposium YRO SS ±
0LQDPL]DZD . .DNHKL < 1DNDWDQL0 0LKDUD
6 DQG 7DFKL 6 7(&+7,/( WRRONLW D
SURWRW\SLQJ WRRO IRU GHVLJQLQJ KDSWLF PHGLD
Proceedings of SIGGRAPH ’12: Emerging
Technologies$&03UHVV
&DYD]]D 0 DQG 0HDG 6 9LUWXDO DUW
JDOOHULHV D QHZ NLQG RI FXOWXUDO REMHFWV"
Proceedings of International Conference on Image
Processing,YROSS±,(((
0XOOHU $ /HLVVOHU 0 +HPPMH 0 DQG 1HXKROG
( 7RZDUGV WKH 9LUWXDO ,QWHUQHW *DOOHU\
Multimedia Computing and Systems, IEEE
International Conference on MultimediaYROSS
±,(((
(FNHUW 0 &XEHUR -0 6iQFKH] % 0DUWLQ $
DQG 6DOJDGR / /RZFRVW 950/ EDVHG
DUFKLWHFWXUH IRU DGDSWLYH DQG XVHU FXVWRPL]HG
YLUWXDO YLVLWV WR DUW JDOOHULHV 3rd IEEE International
Conference on Computer Science and Information
Technology (ICCSIT)YROSS±,(((
2¶'RKHUW\ % Inside the White Cube: The
Ideology of the Gallery Space 8QLYHUVLW\ RI
&DOLIRUQLD3UHVVS
)DVVEHQGHU (:DGH%&DUVRQ'DQG/HD7
9LUWXDOJDOOHULHV)LUVWLQVLJKWVLQWRWKHHIIHFW
RIWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRIQHZPHGLDWHFKQRORJLHVLQDUW
JDOOHULHV RQ HFRQRPLF DQG VRFLDO ZHOOEHLQJ LQ
XUEDQ DQG UHPRWH FRPPXQLWLHV RI WKH 1RUWKHUQ
7HUULWRU\RI$XVWUDOLD16th International Conference
on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM) SS
±,(((
6LQJK * +HU RZQ YLUWXDO JDOOHU\ RI DUW
Computer Graphics and ApplicationsYROLVVXH
SS±,(((
8OOULFK 7 DQG äiUD - ,QWHUDFWLYH YLUWXDO
th
JDOOHU\ SCCG '02: Proceedings of the 18 Spring
Conference on Computer GraphicsSS±
)OHLVV - / % /HYLQ 0 &KR 3DLN Statistical Methods for Rates & Proportions:LOH\
,QWHUVFLHQFH
;LDQJ < DQG <DP 6 (PERGLHG WRXU JXLGH
LQ DQ LQWHUDFWLYH YLUWXDO DUW JDOOHU\ Proceedings of
IEEE International Conference on CyberworldsSS
±,(((
)RUWLQR * &RQIHVVRUH * DQG 0DQWXDQR $
'HVLJQ DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI D G\QDPLF
950/EURZVDEOH PRYLH RQGHPDQG V\VWHP
GLVWULEXWHGRYHU,QWHUQHWICME ’02: Proceedings of
IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and
ExpoYROSS±,(((
=KHQJ-<XDQ;DQG&KHH<'HVLJQLQJ
PXOWLSDUW\LQWHUDFWLRQVXSSRUWLQ(OYDDQHPERGLHG
WRXU JXLGH AAMAS '05: Proceedings of the Fourth
International Joint Conference on Autonomous
Agents and Multi-Agent SystemsSS±
*UDKDP % DQG &RRN 6 Rethinking
Curating. Art after New Media 7KH 0,7 3UHVV S