HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Topic: Naming & Formula Writing 1(BW)
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
Why?
In this activity we will address the question: How do the smallest particles of matter connect to
each other and how do we represent those connections by the names we give a substance?
Figure 1
Na+
Cl -
Na+
Cl -
Na+
Cl -
Cl -
Na+
Cl -
Na+
Cl -
Na+
Na+
Cl -
Na+
Cl -
Na+
Cl -
Na
O
C
O
O
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
C
O
O
Na+
O
C
Cl -
C
O
Cl
X
O
C
CO2
carbon dioxide
I
-
I
-
C
-
I
-
-
Mg2+
I
-
I
-
N
O
O
O
-
Mg2+
I
I
N
Mg2+
O
I
-
I
N
-
I
Mg2+
O
O
N
I
I
-
O
O
Mg2+
Mg2+
-
O
C
______ with a ______
CaO
calcium oxide
O
C
O
______ with a ______
O
metal with a non-metal
NaCl
sodium chloride
N
X
O
Particle
model
Na+
N
Name
Cl -
O
Formula
Na+
O
Periodic
table
location
Cl -
O
Particle
model
Periodic
table
location
Formula
Name
______ with a ______
CO
carbon monoxide
______ with a ______
MgI2
magnesium iodide
______ with a ______
N2O4
dinitrogen tetroxide
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Page 2
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
1. In the particle models in Figure 1, what do the circles represent?
2. Where is sodium located on the periodic table? Where is chlorine located on the periodic table?
Complete the periodic table location for all of the remaining elements found in each of the
particle models in Figure 1.
3. How many sodium 1+’s are there in the particle model for NaCl? How many chlorine 1-’s are there?
______Na : ______ Cl
4. What is the simplest ratio of Na’s to Cl’s?
5. What is the smallest group of atoms called in the particle model of CO2?
How many carbons?
How many oxygens?
6. Do both CO2 and NaCl have the same type of elements (metal or non-metal) connected together?
What is different about the CO2 particle model and the NaCl particle model (charges? connections
of particles? etc…)
7. In what ways are the particle models of CaO and CO2 similar? How are they different?
8. Is CO more similar to CO2 or CaO? Explain your answer and give specific evidence from Figure 1.
9. How many Mg 2+’s are there in the particle model for MgI2? How many iodine 1-’s are there?
______Mg : ______ I
What is the simplest ratio of Mg’s to I’s?
10. Why don’t the formulas for NaCl, CaO, and MgI2 have charges even though charges are in the particle
models?
Page 3
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
a molecule
a lattice
Figure 2:
Vocabulary for different ways
particles are connected together.
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
O
C
O
O
C
O
CO2
carbon dioxide
CaO
calcium oxide
11. What types of compounds arrange in a lattice structure versus in a molecule structure? Give specific
evidence from Figure 1.
12. How is MgI2 different from CO2?
How is MgI2 similar to CO2?
13. How many nitrogens and how many oxygens are in the smallest groupings of N2O4?
Why do you think one must write the formula N2O4 and not simplify the formula to NO2 as was done
with MgI2? Explain how you made your decision from evidence in Figure 1.
14. a. Go back to Figure 1 and circle in any names where you see a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, etc…) used as
part of the name?
b. What are 2 things that make these compounds which are named with prefixes unique?
15. Would you use prefixes to name KI ?
Why or why not?
16. Specify which of the following compounds would be named using prefixes and which would not:
Name with
Name with
Reason
Compound
Reason
Compound
prefixes? Y or N
CO2
CaCl2
N2O6
CuCl2
XeF6
Yes, use
prefixes
prefixes? Y or N
NaCl
P2O5
RbBr
AgCl
BF3
Page 4
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
The Greek prefixes:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
mono-
di-
tri-
tetra-
penta-
hexa-
hepta-
octa-
nona-
deca-
11
12
undeca- dodeca-
When you have a compound that needs to be named using prefixes, you choose the prefix which specifies
the number atoms of that element in the molecule and add an “-ide” ending to the second element. The
only except is that you never use “mono-“ on the first element.
Examples:
N2O4
CO
was named
was named
dinitrogen tetroxide (meaning there are 2-nitrogens and 4 oxygens)
carbon monoxide (meaning 1 carbon with 1 oxygen atom)
NOT monocarbon monoxide
Name the following compounds
Write formulas for the following compounds.
14.
SiO2
_____________
15.
S4N2
_____________
16.
Cl2O
_____________
17.
PF3
_____________
18. sulfur trioxide
19. carbon tetrachloride
20. diphosphorous pentoxide
21. sulfur hexafluoride
Page 5
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
On your own
Naming Compounds with prefixes
Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds:
1)
antimony tribromide __________________________________
2)
dinitrogen pentoxide __________________________________
3)
chlorine dioxide __________________________________
4)
hydrogen iodide __________________________________
5)
iodine pentafluoride __________________________________
6)
tetrasulfur tetranitride__________________________________
7)
ammonia (need to memorize this one-doesn’t follow naming rules) _______________________
8)
phosphorus triiodide __________________________________
Write the names for the following covalent compounds:
9)
P4S5 __________________________________
10)
O2 __________________________________
11)
SeF6 __________________________________
12)
Si2Br6 __________________________________
13)
SCl4 __________________________________
14)
CH4 ______________________(common name:
15)
P3I5__________________________________
16)
NF3 __________________________________
____________ )
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Page 6
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
Teacher Resources
Prior knowledge needed for this activity:
•
This activity assumes that:
o students are able to identify elements as being either a metal or non-metal based upon the
element’s position on the periodic table
o students are able to distinguish between atoms and molecules on a particulate
representation/model of matter
Thoughts on presentation of the activity:
•
•
Make sure students have an individual copy of the periodic table at the start of the activity
I have included some suggested points which seem to be important for verifying understanding
before allowing groups to move forward. These spots are marked with a:
Target Responses for the tasks:
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Page 7
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
Target Responses for the tasks:
1. In the particle models in Figure 1, what do the circles represent?
Each circle represents an atom. Different elements are
represented by their symbol inside each circle
2. Where is sodium located on the periodic table? Where is chlorine located on the periodic table?
Sodium is located on the left side which means sodium a
metal, chlorine is found on the right side of the periodic
table which means Cl is a non-metal
Complete the periodic table location for all of the remaining elements found in each of the
particle models in Figure 1. (make sure students do this step!)
3. How many sodium +1’s are there in the particle model for NaCl? How many chlorine -1’s are
there?
___12___Na : ___12___ Cl
4. What is the simplest ratio of Na’s to Cl’s? Na:Cl
=
1:1 , written as NaCl
5. What is the smallest group of atoms called in the particle model of CO2? A molecule
How many carbon’s? 1 carbon
How many oxygens? 2 oxygens
6. Do both CO2 and NaCl have the same type of elements (metal or non-metal) connected together?
What is different about the CO2 particle model and the NaCl particle model (charges? connections
of particles? etc…) No, CO2 has only non-metal elements connected to
non-metal elements.
CO2 exists as small groups of 1 carbon
connected to 2 oxygens (a molecule) while NaCl exists as a
repeating patter of Na+ ’s and Cl-‘s, CO2 does not have any charges
while NaCl has charges that balance out to “0”.
7. In what ways are the particle model of CaO similar or different to CO2 ?
Similar: both CaO and CO2 have oxygen as one of the elements
Differences:
CO2 does not have any charges, CaO exists as a repeating
pattern of charged particles while CO2 has no charges on any atoms and
exists in a molecular forml
8. Is CO more similar to CO2 or CaO? Explain your answer and give specific evidence from
Figure 1. Though CO and CaO are more similar in chemical formula
(both a 1:1 ratio), CO is more similar to CO2 because both are
non-metals connected to non-metals, CO and CO2 and both exist in
the molecular form not in a lattice structure.
9. How many Mg +2’s are there in the particle model for MgI2? How many iodine -1’s are there?
___6___Mg : ___12___ I
What is the simplest ratio of Mg’s to I’s?
1 Mg to 2 I’s, MgI2
10. Why don’t the formulas for NaCl, CaO, and MgI2 have charges even though charges are found in
the particle models? The charges balance out so there is no need to
write the charge as part of the formula.
Page 8
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
a molecule
a lattice
Figure 2:
Vocabulary for different ways
particles are connected together.
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
Ca2+
O 2-
O
C
O
O
C
O
CO2
carbon dioxide
CaO
calcium oxide
10. What types of compounds arrange in a lattice structure versus in a molecule structure? Give
specific evidence from Figure 1. metals connected to non-metals form a
compound which will have charges in a lattice structure whereas
non-metals connected with another non-metal will exist as a
molecule.
11. How is MgI2 different from CO2?
How is MgI2 similar to CO2?
MgI2 is a metal with a non-metal
both have a 1:2 ratio of types of atoms
MgI2exists in a lattice structure while CO2 exists in a molecular form.
12.
How many nitrogens and how many oxygens are in the smallest groupings of N2O4?
2 nitrogens, 4 oxygens
Why do you think one must write the formula N2O4 and not simplify the formula to NO2 as was done
with MgI2? Explain how you made your decision from evidence in Figure 1. Since N2O4 is a
compound which is made of non-metal with a non-metal the substance
exists as a molecule so you must show how many of each atoms are
actually in the molecule, thus you can’t reduce to just the ratio
like is done when the substance exists in a lattice structure
13. a. Go back to Figure 1 and circle in any names where you see a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, etc…) used
as part of the name?
b. What are 2 things that make these compounds which are named with prefixes unique?
Compounds named with prefixes 1) don’t have charges
2) are non-metals
connected to non-metals 3) exist as molecules NOT lattices
14. Would you use prefixes to name:
KI ?
Why or why not?
No. This is a metal with a non-metal so there will be charges which
balance out and will exist in a lattice structure NOT as a molecule.
15. Specify which of the following compounds would be named using prefixes and which would not:
Name with
Name with
Reason
Compound
Reason
Compound
prefixes? Y or N
CO2
CaCl2
N2O6
CuCl2
XeF6
Yes, use
prefixes
No
Yes
No
Yes
prefixes? Y or N
NaCl
No
P2O5
RbBr
AgCl
BF3
Yes
No
No
Yes
Page 9
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
The Greek prefixes:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
mono-
di-
tri-
tetra-
penta-
hexa-
hepta-
octa-
nona-
deca-
11
12
undeca- dodeca-
When you have a compound that needs to be named using prefixes, you choose the prefix which specifies
the number atoms of that element in the molecule and add an “-ide” ending to the second element. The
only except is that you never use “mono-“ on the first element.
Examples:
N2O4
CO
was named
was named
dinitrogen tetroxide (meaning there are 2-nitrogens and 4 oxygens)
carbon monoxide (meaning 1 carbon with 1 oxygen atom)
NOT monocarbon monoxide
Name the following compounds
22.
SiO2
__silicon dioxide__
23.
S4N2
tetrasulfur dinitride
24.
Cl2O
dichlorine monoxide
25.
PF3
phosphorus trifluoride
Write formulas for the following compounds.
26. sulfur trioxide
SO3
27. carbon tetrachloride
CCl4
28. diphosphorous pentoxide
P2O5
29. sulfur hexafluoride
SF6
HS Chemistry POGIL Activity
Particle connections – What’s in a name?
On your own
Naming Compounds with prefixes
Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds:
1)
antimony tribromide SbBr3
2)
dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5
3)
chlorine dioxide ClO2
4)
hydrogen iodide HI
5)
iodine pentafluoride IF5
6)
tetrasulfur tetranitride S4N4
7)
ammonia NH3
8)
phosphorus triiodide PI3
Write the names for the following covalent compounds:
9)
P4S5 tetraphosphorus pentasulfide
10)
O2 oxygen
11)
SeF6 selenium hexafluoride
12)
Si2Br6 disilicon hexafluoride
13)
SCl4 sulfur tetrachloride
14)
CH4 methane
15)
P3I5 triphosphorus pentaiodide
16)
NF3 nitrogen trifluoride
Page 10