Unit 6 Review
1. Define the following terms:
a. Big bang theory
b. Endosymbiotic theory
c. Endocytosis
d. Primary endosymbiosis
e. Secondary endosymbiosis
f. Phagocytosis
g. Monophyletic taxa
h. Paraphyletic taxa
i. Anagenesis
j. Polyphyletic taxa
k. Homoplasy
l. Cladogram
m. Phylogenetic tree
n. Anagenesis
o. Homologous character
p. Analogous character
q. Last Universal Common
Ancestor
r. Cyanobacteria
s. Autotroph/Producer
t. Heterotroph
u. Chemotroph
2. Match the individuals below with their accomplishments. Options may be used more
than once.
a. Carolus Linnaeus
b. Charles Darwin
c. Miller-Urey
d. Konstantin Mereschkowski
A. First to think of the hierarchical classification system as a genealogy
B. First to discover that Amino acids can be synthesized in the non-biotical environment
C. First to propose endosymbiotic theory
D. Unaware of the existence of genetic mutations
E. The originator of the binomial designation for species
F. An originator of the evolutionary theory
G. Used a classification scheme that did not sort homology from analogy
3. Almost all of the major animal body plans seen today appeared in the fossil record
over 500 million years ago during which period?
A. Ediacaran period
B. Permian period
C. Cretaceous period
D. Cambrian period
4. Which of the following aspects of early development differs between protostomes and
deuterostomes?
A. Pattern of early cell cleavage
B. Mechanism of coelom formation
C. Fate of the blastopore
D. All of the above
Saylor URL: www.saylor.org/bio102 Unit 6
The Saylor Foundation
Saylor.org
Page 1 of 4
5. Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of these features is
unique to angiosperms and helps account for their success?
A. Wind pollination
B. Fruits enclosing seeds
C. Ovules enclosed within seed coats
D. Sperm cells without flagella
Use the following information to answer questions 6 & 7: According to Rudyard
Kipling’s (very fictional) Just So Stories, the original whale tried to eat a man, and out of
revenge, the man stuck a grate in the whale’s throat that prevented it from eating
anything but very small fish—and that is why today’s (baleen) whales, too, only eat tiny
fish and crustaceans.
6. Which evolutionary model is this story most similar to, Darwin’s or Lamarck’s?
7. Why?
8. Mitochondria, the organelles within eukaryotic cells, contain their own DNA. How
does the Endosymbiotic Theory help explain this?
Saylor URL: www.saylor.org/bio102 Unit 6
The Saylor Foundation
Saylor.org
Page 2 of 4
Use the phylogenetic tree below to answer questions 9–11.
9. For the tree above, does the circle represent a monophyletic, paraphyletic, or
polyphyletic group? Explain your response.
10. For the tree above, assume the ancestor had scales, long femurs, and a small vocal
sac. Which species have smooth skin, long femurs, and a large vocal sac?
11. For Species 4 and Species 5, which is the shared, derived trait?
12. Which of the following elements were not included in the Miller-Urey experiment?
A. Water
B. Methane
C. Oxygen
D. Hydrogen
E. Ammonia
13. What is the correct order in which the following organisms appeared on earth?
I. Prokaryotes II. Fungal-plant symbiosis III. Animals IV. Origin of Eukaryotes
A. I, II, III, IV
B. II, IV, I, III
C. I, IV, III, II
D. IV, I, III, II
Saylor URL: www.saylor.org/bio102 Unit 6
The Saylor Foundation
Saylor.org
Page 3 of 4
14. Which of the following isotopes is used to date materials such as prehistoric bones
58,000 to 62,000 years before the present?
A. 14C
B. 12C
C. 40Ar
D. 207Pb
15. According to scientists hypothesizing, when did life occur on Earth?
16. What are the 3 main groups of living organisms?
17. What is the taxonomic classification of humans (kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus, species)?
18. True or False: Large herbivores were present when terrestrial plants began
evolving.
19. Draw a simple diagram to represent endosymbiotic theory.
Saylor URL: www.saylor.org/bio102 Unit 6
The Saylor Foundation
Saylor.org
Page 4 of 4