Where have all the
pollinators gone?
Bat’s
Birds
Wind
Ants
Flies (Order Dipteria)
Wasp
Beetles
Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera)
Some are specific pollinators to a
particular plant.
Some are generalist pollinators that they
go to a wide range of plants.
Pollinate:
€Alfalfa
€Clover
€Mint
Pollinate:
€Blueberry
Pollinate:
€Eggplant
€Passion Flower
€Pepper
€Blueberry
Pollinate:
€Cotton
€Fruit trees
Pollinate:
• Almond
• Apple
• Sweet cherry
• Blueberry
Pollinate:
€Squash
€Pumpkin
€Gourds
€Cucurbits
Pollinate:
€Sunflower
Pollinate:
€Sunflower
This bee was renamed.
Bumble Bee’s
Bombus
Honey Bee’s
Apis
Yes
Are expectations for pollination not being
met?
Has the habitat for the pollinator been
removed?
Was there a habitat for the pollinator in the
beginning?
What are we putting into our environment?
Is the plant right for the environment?
The same ………………………….. but
different
Honey Bee Colony Mortality
AIA Survey
• 2006 – 2007
32%
• 2007 – 2008
36%
• 2008 – 2009
29%
• 2010 Preliminary Reports
Approximately 30%
Agricultural Acres Planted With
Pollinator Dependent Crops Has
outpaced the availability of
Pollinators.
Pollinators
Apiary Industry
Under Siege From Pests,
Diseases and Now Something Called CCD
The CCD Factor
D. vanEngelsdorp
D. vanEngelsdorp
N. Rice
N. Rice
€
The normal ratio of bees and brood in a Honey Bee
colony is, in a rough general sense, 2 adult Honey
Bees to 1 cell of sealed brood
€
When the ratio reverses to 1 adult Honey Bee to 23 cells of sealed brood…this is the latest definition
of CCD
D. vanEngelsdorp
€ The
queen is always present
€ Have
a very low number of varroa or
absence of varroa tracheal mites are
found in less than 10% of samples
€ Nosema
samples
is found in less than 50% of
•
Not as many.
1994 to 1998 over 200 swarms reported in
Pensacola Vicinity thru 911.
Present maybe 10 swarms per year.
•Why?
Could it be Varroa mites?
Could it be Small Hive Beetle?
•What
about Bumble Bee’s?
€ Neonictoids
Imidacloprid is possibly the most
widely used insecticide,. It is now applied
against soil, seed, timber and animal pests as
well as foliar treatments for crops including:
cereals, cotton, grain, legumes, potatoes[,pome
fruits, rice, turf and vegetables.
• It is systemic which is particularly effective against
sucking insects and has a long residual activity.
• Germany banned seed treatment with
neonicotinoids due to negative effects upon bee
colonies.
Strawberry plant leaf with water
droplets from Gutation.
Secretion of water on to the surface of
leaves through specialized pores, or
hydathodes. The process occurs most
frequently during conditions of high
humidity when the rate of transpiration is
low. Drops of water found on grass in
early morning are often the result of
guttation, rather than dew. Sometimes
the water contains minerals in solution,
such as calcium, which leaves a white
crust on the leaf surface as it dries.
Another suspect is Mosquito Control
Use Goundspray rigs
Product name: Control 44
Contains: Permethrin and
Pyretheroids
No Malathion
Bee Friendly
€ 1/3
of our Diet directly
€ 1/3 of our Diet indirectly
€ Almonds
€ …you
always need more
Honey Bees - Excellent Indicator
of Environmental Pesticides
Acephate
Acetamiprid
Aldicarb sulfone
Aldicarb sulfoxide
Allethrin
Amicarbazone
Amitraz (2,4-DMA)
Amitraz (2,4-DMPF)
Atrazine
Azinophos-methyl
Azoxystrobin
Bendiocarb
Bifenthrin
Boscalid
Captan
Carbaryl
Carbaryl (1-Naphthol)
Carbendazim
Carbofuran, 3-hydroxy
Carfentrazone
Chlorfenapyr
Chlorothalonil
Chlorpyrifos
Coumaphos
Coumaphos-Chlorferone
Coumaphos oxon
Cyfluthrin
Cyhalothrin (total)
Cypermethrin
Cyprodinil
Deltamethrin
Diazinon
Dicofol
Difenoconazole
Diflubenzuron
Dimethomorph
Diphenylamine
Endosulfan 1
Endosulfan 2
Endosulfan sulfate
Esfenvalerate
Etoxazole
Fenbuconazole
Fenhexamid
Fenpropathrin
Fluvalinate
Heptachlor
Hexachlorobenzene
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid olefin
Imidacloprid, 5-hydroxy
Indoxacarb
Malathion
Methidathion
Methoxyfenozide
Methyl parathion
Metolachlor
Metribuzin
Myclobutanil
Norflurazon
Oxamyl
Oxyfluorfen
p,p'-DDE
Pendimethalin
Permethrin
Phosmet
Pyraclostrobin
Pyrethrins
Pyrimethanil
Quintozene (PCNB)
Sethoxydim
Simazine
Tebuconazole
Tebufenozide
Tebuthiuron
Tetramethrin
Thiabendazole
Thiacloprid
Tribufos
Trifloxystrobin
Trifluralin
Vinclozolin
€ Sub-lethal
Exposure
Primary Stress
Varroa Mites
Secondary Pathogens
Management
Nutrition
Pesticides
Nosema
Fungi
Ecosystems Stability
- Complex relationships
- Interconnected elements
species, water, soil
- All groups/guilds are important
and play critical roles
- Balanced equilibrium
ALSO
- Dynamic; can change, respond
to and often recover from
negative inputs or damage
BUT the balance can be “tipped” resulting in a cascade
of negative consequences = serious damage
population declines? CCD?
€ “You,
Me and all of your Neighbors know
food comes from the grocery store.”
€ 40%
of our Veggies will Come from NonUS sources by 2012
€ US will be a Net Food Importer in 50
years
The end
Doug Corbin
AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMER PROTECT SPEC
FDACS, Div of Plant Industry
Plant & Apiary Inspection Bureau
6095 OLD BAGDAD HWY,
MILTON, FL 32583-0000
Office: 850-983-4579
Cell: 352-504-1985 ***
email: [email protected]