Adopt eight Resolutions confirming diagram and assessment and

City of Grass Valley
City Council
Agenda Action Sheet
Council Meeting Date: June 9,2015
Date Prepared: June 1, 2015
Prepared bv: Maryanne G. Hoffler, Administrative Services Manager;
Kristen Harper, Senior Accountant
Title: Adapt eight Resolutions confirming diagram and assessment and levying
assessment, and requesting the County Auditor to place assessment on t~ roll for
fiscal year 201S/2016 Landscaping and Lighting Districts —(LLD)and Benefit
Assessment Districts — (A.D.}
Recommended Motion: After conducting public hearings, adopt resolutions related to the
Commercial (District No. 19$8-1) Landscaping and Lighting Districts, as fallaws;
1}
2}
Resolution Na. 2015 - 21 Confirming Diagram and Assessment and Levying
Assessment for Fiscal Year 2415/2Q16 Assessment District No. 198$-1.
Resolution No. 2015 - 22 Requesting the County Auditor #o Place Assessment
on Tax Roll-Landscaping and Lighting District No. i98$-1.
Recommended Motion: After conducting public hearings, adopt resolutions related to the
Residential(District No. 198$-2) Landscaping and Lighting Districts as follows:
3}
4)
Resolution No. 2015 - 23 Ca~rming Diagram and Assessment and Levying
Assessment for Fiscal Year 2025/2016 Assessment District No. 198$-2.
Resolution No 2015 - 24 Requesting the County Auditor to Place Assessment
on Tax Roll-Landscaping and Lighting District No..1988-2.
Recommended Motion: After conducting public hearings, adopt resolutions related to the
Morgan Ranch Unit 7(District 2003-1) Assessment District as follows:
S)
6)
Resolution No 2015 — 25 Confirming- Diagram and Assessment and Levying
Assessment for Fiscal Year 2015/2016 Assessment District No. 2003-1.
Resolution No. 2015 - 26 Requesting the County Auditor to Place Assessment
on Tax Roll -Morgan Ranch-Unit 7 Benefit Assessment District No.2043-1.
Recommended Motion: After conducting public hearings, adopt resolutions related to the
Morgan Ranch West(District 2014-1}Assessment District as follows:
7)
8)
Resolution No. 2Q15 — 27 Confirming Diagram and Assessment and Levying
Assessment for Fiscal Year 201512Q1b Assessment District Na. 2a10-1.
Resolution Na. 2015 — 28 Requesting the County Auditor to Place Assessment
an Tax Roll -Morgan Ranch-West Assessment District Na 2010-1.
Agenda Item # ~~~
City of Grass Valley
City Council
Agenda Action Sheet
Agenda: Administrative -Public Hearing
BackEround Information: These actions are to complete the process for levying the
annual assessments for the above districts. The assessments are for the costs described in
the Engineer's report and are collected in two installments at the same time as property
taxes. The assessments are increased by 0.9% for FY 2015-16 using the Consumer Price
Indexes for Pacific Cities —West for February 2015.
For Litton Business Park, each development area of the entire project share equally in all
Landscaping and Lighting District expenses. The initial assessment spread created a yearly
assessment per development area of $480. The Engineering Department has proposed an
assessment value of $258.90 per development area for fiscal year 2015/2016 creating a
total assessment spread of $4,919.30.
For Whispering Pines, the assessment spread uses two different factors to determine
individual lot assessments. Based on the two factors, the Engineering Department has
proposed a total assessment spread of $21,838.60 for fiscal year 2015/2016. The
assessment spread was $21,643.90 for fiscal year 2014/2015.
For Morgan Ranch, the Engineering Department has proposed a total assessment spread in
the amount of $21,342.72. Based on the total build-out number of parcels, and the total
assessment needed far fiscal year 2015/2016, the levy will be $55.58 per dwelling unit.
The assessment spread was $21,158.40 for fiscal year 2014/2015.
For Ventana Sierra, the Engineering Department has proposed a total assessment spread in
the amount of $4,364.68. Based on the total number of parcels in Ventana Sierra, and the
total assessment needed for fiscal year 2015/2016, the levy will be $229.72 per dwelling
unit. The initial formation spread created a yearly assessment per dwelling unit of$190.
For Scotia Pines, the Engineering Department has proposed a total assessment spread in
the amount of $3,373.70. The initial formation assessment spread created an assessment
per dwelling unit of $66.27. Based on the total number of parcels in Scotia Pines, and the
total assessment required for fiscal year 2015/2016, the levy will be $61.34 per dwelling
unit.
For Morgan Ranch West L&L, the Engineering Department has proposed a total
assessment spread in the amount of $1,363.50. The initial formation assessment spread
created an assessment per dwelling unit of $51.08. Based on the total number of parcels in
Morgan Ranch West L&L,and the total assessment required for fiscal year 2015/2016, the
levy will be $54.54 per dwelling unit.
~~
Agenda Item #
City of Grass Valiey
City Council
Agenda Action Sheet
For Morgan Ranch-Unit '7, the Engineering Department has proposed a total assessment
spread in the amount of $1,963.20. The initial formation assessment spread created an
assessment per dwelling unit of $&4.29. $ased on the total nurnb~r of parcels in Morgan
Ranch Unit 7, and the total assessment required far fiscal year 2015/2016, the levy will be
$81.80. per dwelling unit.
For Morgan Ranch West AD, 'The Engineering Department has proposed a total
assessment spread in the amount of $2,007A0. The initial formation assessment spread
created an assessment per.dwelling unit of$75.15. Based on the total number of parcels in
Morgan Ranch West, and the total assessment xequired for fiscal year 201512016, the levy
will be $80.28 per dwelling unit.
Fiscal Impact: The proposed. fiscal.. year 2015!2016 assessments far the City's
Landscaping and Lighting Districts and Benefit Assessment District totals $6I,172.70 as
compared to $b0,635.94 for fiscal year 2014/2015, an increase of$536.76.
Funds Available:
Revi
Account #: Various accounts in the Special
Revenue Funds 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 160,
161 & 162
db
y Manager
1
Public Works Director/City Engineer
Finance Director
Council Goal: Strategic Goal #4 —Prudent Financial Management
Agenda Item #
~~
Kristen Harper
From:
Sent:
To:
Subject:
Kristi Bashor
Monday, June 01, 2015 1:46 PM
Kristen Harper
Resolution numbers for City Council Meeting on June 9, 2015
2015-21
6/09/15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
2015-22
6/09j15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
2015-23
6/09/15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
2015-24
6/09/15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
2015-25
6/09/15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
20 -26
~,
~~i
2027
~~
20]~'-28
6/09/15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
6/09/15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
6/09/15
Lighting and Landscape
Finance
Krv~tv3ar.~w-~~, C~tC
City ofC~ra~-Vary
City Cle~v'1c.
(530)274-4310
~~
RESOLUTION NO. 2015 - 21
RESOL.UTlON CONFIRMING DIAGRAM AND
ASSESSMENT AND LEVYING ASSESSMENT FOR FISCAL YEAR 20'1512016
~ANDSCAF'ING AND LIGHTING DISTRICT NQ. 7988-3
(Commercial C.andscaping and Lighting Dis#riot,
Whispering Pines and Litton Business Park)
(Pursuant to the landscaping and fighting Act of1.972}
The City Council of the City of Grass. Valley resolves:
1. Pursuant to Chapter 3 of the Landscaping and Lighting Act of 1972, the. City
Council direc#ed Timothy..M. Kiser, P.E., Engineer of Work far Assessment District No.
1988-1, to prepare and ale an annual report for.#fiscal year 2015/2Q16.
2. The Engineer of Work filed his annual report on May 26, 2095, and the Ci#y
Council adopted its resolution. of intention to levy and collect assessments within the
assessment district for fiscal year 2015!201fi and set a public hearing to be held on June 9,
2015, at the Grass Valley Council Chambers, Grass Valley, California. Notice of the
hearing was given..in the time and. manner required by law.
3. At the public hearing, the City Council afforded to every interested person an
opportunity to make a protest to the annual report either in writing ar orally, and the City
Council has considered each protest.
4. The City Council hereby confirms the diagram and.assessment as setforth in the
annual report of the Engineer of Work and hereby levies the assessment set forth therein
for fiscal year 2015!2016,
ADOPTED as a Resolution of the Council of the City of Grass Valley at a regular
meeting thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
AYES:
Council Members
NOES:
Council Members
ABSENT:
Council Members
ABSTAINING:Council Members
Jason. Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
~~
RESOLUTION NO. 2015 - 22
RESOLUTION REQUESTING THE COUNTY AUDITOR TO PLACE
ASSESSMENTS ON THE TAX ROLL
LANDSCAPING AND LIGHTING DISTRICT NO. 1988-1
(COMMERCIAL DISTRICT, WHISPERING PINES AND LITTON BUSINESS PARK)
The City Council of the City of Grass Valley resolves:
On June 9, 2015, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 2015-21, Resolution
Confirming Diagram and Assessment and Levying Assessmentfor Fiscal Year 2015/2016
for the Landscaping &Lighting District No. 198$-1,(Commercial District, Whispering Pines
and Litton Business Park), City of Grass Valley, County of Nevada, State of California. fn
accordance with the provisions of Section 22641 of the Streets and Highways Code, the
City Clerk forwarded to the County Auditor of the County of Nevada a Clerk's Certification
to the County Auditor, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A and made a part
hereof, and has provided the information necessary to place the annual assessment in said
district on the 2015/2016 tax roll.
The City Council hereby requests that the County Auditor place the assessments on
said tax roll. The City Council understands that costs for this service will be charged in
accordance with the "Standard Form Tax Collection Services" contract between the City of
Grass Valley and the County of Nevada.
The City Clerk is hereby requested to forward a copy of this resolution to the County
Auditor of the County of Nevada.
ADOPTED as a Resolution of the Council of the City of Grass Valley at a regular
meeting thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
AYES:Council Members
NOES:
Council Members
ABSENT
Council Members
ABSTAINING:
Council Members
Jason Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
EXHIBIT A
CLERK'S CERTIFICATION TO COUNTY AUDITt~R
LANDSCAPING ~'~GHTING `DISTRICT NO. 1988-1
COMMERCIAL LANDSGAPING RND LIGHTING.DISTRICT WHISPERING PINES AND LITTON BUSINESS PARK
(Pursuant to the Landscaping and Lighting Act of 1972)
TO THE COUNTY AUDITOR OF THE COUNTY OF NEVADA:
hereby certify that the attached document is a true copy of that certain Engineer's
Report, including assessment and assessment diagram, for Landscaping and Lighting
District No. 1988-1, Commercial t~andscapir~g &Lighting. District, Whispering Pines and
Litton Business Park, City of Grass Valley, County of Nevada, State of California,
confirmed by the. City Council of the City of Grass Valley on the 9th day of June, 2015, by
its Resolution No. 2015 - 21.
This document is certified, and is filed with you, pursuant to Section 22641 of the Streets
and Highways Code.
Dated: June 9, 2015
BY: Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
City of Grass Valley, County
of Nevada, State of California
{SEAL)
RESOLUTION NO. 2015 - 23
RESOLUTION CONFIRMING DIAGRAM AND
ASSESSMENT AND LEVYING ASSESSMENT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2015/2016
LANDSCAPING AND LIGHTING DISTRICT NO. 1988-2
(Pursuant to the Landscaping and Lighting Act of 1972)
(Residential Landscaping and Lighting District —Morgan Ranch,
Ventana Sierra, Scotia Pines and Morgan Ranch West)
The City Council of the City of Grass Valley resolves:
1. Pursuant to Chapter 3 of the Landscaping and Lighting Act of 1972, the City
Council directed Timothy M. Kiser, P.E., Engineer of Work for Assessment District No.
1988-2, to prepare and file an annual report for fiscal year 2015/2016.
2. The Engineer of Work filed his annual report on May 26, 2015, and the City
Council adopted its resolution of intention to levy and collect assessments within the
assessment district for fiscal year 2015/2016 and set a public hearing to be held on June
9, 2015, at the Grass Valley Council Chambers, Grass Valley, California. Notice of the
hearing was given in the time and manner required by law.
3. At the public hearing, the City Council afforded to every interested person an
opportunity to make a protest to the annual report either in writing or orally, and the City
Council has considered each protest.
4. The City Council hereby confirms the diagram and assessment as set forth in
the annual report of the Engineer of Work and hereby levies the assessment set forth
therein for fiscal year 2015/2016.
ADOPTED as a Resolution of the Council of the City of Grass Valley at a regular
meeting thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
AYES:
Council Members
NOES:
Council Members
ABSENT:
Council Members
ABSTAINING:Council Members
Jason Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
~.
RESOLUTIt~N Nt). 2015 - 24
~
•
,
t
L
.
a•
~
~
-•
~
•r
1
~ L
The City Council of the City o#:Grass Valley resolves:
On June 9,2015,the City Council adopted Resolution No.2015-23 Resolu#ion Confirming
Diagram and Assessment and Levying Assessment for Fiscal Year 20151201B for the
Landscaping &Lighting District No. 19$8-2, {Residential_ Landscaping and Ligh#ing District Morgan Ranch, Ventana Sierra, Scotia`Pines and Morgan Ranch Wes#), City of Grass Valley,
County of Nevada, State of California. In accordance with the provisions of Section 22fi4'I ofthe
Streets and Highways Code, the City Clerk forwarded to the'County Auditor ofi'the County of
Nevada a Clerk's Certification to the Gounty Auditor, a copy of which is attached hereto as
Exhibit A and made a part hereof, and has provided the information necessary #o place the
annual assessment in said district on the 201512016 tax roll.
The Gity Council hereby requests that the County Auditor place the assessments on said
tax roll. The City Council,understands that casts for #his service will be charged in accordance
with the"Standard Form Tax Collection Services° contract between the City of Grass Valley and
the County of Nevada,
The City Clerk is hereby requested to forward a copy of this resolution to the County
Auditor of the County of Nevada.
ADC)PTED as a Resolution of the Council of the City of Grass Valley at a r~gutar meeting
thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
AYES:
Council Members
NOES:
Council Members
ABSENT:
Council Members
ABSTAINING:
Council Members
Jason Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
~~
EXHIBIT A
CLERK'S CERTIFICATION TO COUNTY AUDITOR
LANDSCAPING &LIGHTING DISTRICT NO. 19$8-2
(RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPING AND LIGHTING DISTRICT — MORGAN RANCH,
VENTANA SIERRA, SCOTIA PINES AND MORGAN RANCH WEST).
(Pursuant to the Landscaping and Lighting Act of 1972)
TO THE COUNTY AUDITOR OF THE COUNTY OF NEVADA:
hereby certify that the attached document is a true copy of that certain
Engineer's Report, including assessment and assessment diagram, for Landscaping &
Lighting District No. 1988-2, Residential Landscaping and Lighting District -(Morgan
Ranch, Ventana Sierra, Scotia Pines and Morgan Ranch West), City of Grass Valley,
County of Nevada, State of California, confirmed by the City Council of the City of Grass
Valley on the 9t"day of June, 2015, by its Resolution No. 2015 -23.
This document is certified, and is filed with you, pursuant to Section 22641 of the
Streets and Highways Code.
Dated: June 9, 2015
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
City of Grass Valley, County
of Nevada, State of California
(SEAL)
~f
RESOLUTION CONFIRMING DIAGRAM AND
ASSESSMENT AND LEVYING ASSESSMENT FOR FISCAL YERR 2015/2016
ASSESSMENT DISTRICT,Nt~. 2003-1
(Morgan Ranch Unit 7)
(Pursuant to the Benefit Assessment Act of 1982)
The City Council of the City of Grass Valley resolves:
1. Pursuant Section 54715, California Government Code(hereafter the"1982 AcY'}
the City Council directed Timothy M. Kiser, P.E., Engineer of Work for BenefitAssessment
District No. 2003-1, to prepare and file an annual report for fiscal year 2015120'!6,
2. The Engineer of Work #filed his annual report on May 26, 2015, and the City
Council adopted its resolution of intention to ,.levy and collect assessments within the
assessmen#district.for fiscal year 2015/20 6 and set a public hearing to be held on June 9,
2015, at #he`Grass Valley Council Chambers, Grass Valley, California. Notice of the
hearing was given in the time and manner required by law.
3. At the public hearing, the City Council afforded to every interested person an
opportunity to make a pro#est to the annual. report either in writing or orally, and the City
Council has considered each protest.
4. The City Council hereby confirms the diagram and assessment as setforth in the
annual:report of the Engineer of Work and. hereby levies the assessment set forth therein
for fiscal year 2015/2016.
ADOPTED as a Resolution of the C+aunci! of the City of Grass Valley at a regular
meeting thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
AYES:
Council Members
NOES:
Council Members
ABSENT:
Council Members
ABSTAINING:Council Members
Jason Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
~~~
RESOLUTION NO. 2015 - 26
RESOLUTION REQUESTING THE COUNTY AUDITOR TO PLACE
ASSESSMENTS ON THE TAX ROLL
ASSESSMENT DISTRICT NO. 2003-1
(Morgan Ranch Unit 7)
The City Council of the City of Grass Valley resolves:
On June 9, 2015, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 2015-25, Resolution
Confirming Diagram and Assessment and Levying Assessmentfor Fiscal Year 2015/2016 for the
Assessment District No. 2003-1 Morgan Ranch-Unit 7, City of Grass Valley, County of Nevada,
State of California. In accordance with the provisions of Section 3114 of the Streets and
Highways Code, the City Clerk forwarded to the County Auditor of the County of Nevada a
Clerk's Certification to the County Auditor, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A and
made a part hereof, and has provided the information necessary to place the annual assessment
in said district on the 2015/2016 tax roll
The City Council hereby requests that the County Auditor place the assessments on said
tax roll. The City Council understands that costs for this service will be charged in accordance
with the "Standard Form Tax Collection Services" contract between the City of Grass Valley and
the County of Nevada.
The City Clerk is hereby requested to forward a copy of this resolution to the County
Auditor of the County of Nevada.
ADOPTED as a Resolution of the Council of the City of Grass Valley at a regular meeting
thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
AYES:
Council Members
NOES:
Council Members
ABSENT:
Council Members
ABSTAINING.
Council Members
Jason Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
-1 ~
EXHIBIT A
CLERK'S CERTIFICATION TO COUNTY AUDITOR
BENEFIT ASSESSMENT DISTRICT 2003-1
{MORGAN RANCH-UNIT 7)
(Pursuant to the Benefit Assessment Act of 1982)
TO THE COUNTY AUDITOR OF THE COUNTY OF NEVADA:
1 hereby certify that the attached document is a true copy of that certain
Engineer's Report, including assessment and assessment diagram, for Morgan RanchUnit 7 Benefit Assessment District 2043-1, City of Grass Valley, County of Nevada,
State of California, confirmed by the City Council of fihe City of Grass Va11ey on the 9'n
day of June, 201.5, by its Resolution No. 2075 - 25.
This document is certified, and is filed with you, pursuant to Section 3714:of the
Streets and Highways.Code.
Dated: June 9, 2015
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
City of brass Valley, County
of Nevada, State of California
(SEAL}
`'l ~/
RESOLUTION NO. 2015 - 27
RESOLUTION CONFIRMING DIAGRAM AND
ASSESSMENT AND LEVYING ASSESSMENT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2015/2016
ASSESSMENT DISTRICT NO. 2010-1
(Morgan Ranch West)
(Pursuant to the Benefit Assessment Act of 1982)
The City Council of the City of Grass Valley resolves:
1. Pursuant Section 54715, California Government Code(hereafter the"1982 Act")
the City Council directed Timothy M. Kiser, P.E., Engineer of Work for Benefit Assessment
District No. 2010-1, to prepare and file an annual report for fiscal year 2015/2016.
2. The Engineer of Work filed his annual report on May 26, 2015, and the City
Council adopted its resolution of intention to levy and collect assessments within the
assessment district for fiscal year 2015/2016 and set a public hearing to be held on June 9,
2015, at the Grass Valley Council Chambers, Grass Valley, California. Notice of the
hearing was given in the time and manner required by law.
3. At the public hearing, the City Council afforded to every interested person an
opportunity to make a protest to the annual report either in writing or orally, and the City
Council has considered each protest.
4. The City Council hereby confirms the diagram and assessment as setforth in the
annual report of the Engineer of Work and hereby levies the assessment set forth therein
for fiscal year 2015/2016.
ADOPTED as a Resolution of the Council of the City of Grass Valley at a regular
meeting thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
AYES:
Council Members
NOES:
Council Members
ABSENT:
Council Members
ABSTAINING:
Council Members
Jason Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
`~1°~
RESQLUTIUN NO. 2015- 28
RESOLUTION REQUESTING THE COUNTY AUDITOR TO PLACE
ASSESSMENTS 4N THE TAX ROLL
ASSESSMENT DfSTRlCT NO. 2010-1
{Morgan Ranch West)
The City Council of the City of Grass Valley resolves
On June 9, 2015, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 2Q15-27, Resolution
Confirming Diagram and Assessment-and Levying Assessmentfor Fisca!Year 20'15/2096far the
Assessment District Na. 2010-1 Morgan Ranch West, City of Grass Valley, County of Nevada,
State of California. In accordance wi#h the provisions of Section. 3114 of the Streets and
Highways Code, the City Clerk forwarded to the County Auditor ofi the County`af Nevada a
Clerk's Certification to the County Audi#or, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit A and
made a part hereof, and has provided the information necessaryto place the annual assessment
in said district on the 2045/2016 tax roll.
The City Council hereby requests that the Gaunty Auditor place the assessments on said
tax roll..The City.Council unders#ands #hat costs #ar this service will be charged in accordance
with the"Standard Form Tax Collection Services" contract befinreen the City of Grass Valley and
the County of Nevada.
The City Clerk is hereby requested to forward a copy of this resolution to the County
Auditor of the Gounty of Nevada.
ADOPTED as a Resolution of the Council ofthe City of Grass Valley at a regular meeting
thereof held on the 9th day of June, 2015, by the following vote:
RYES;Cauncil Members
NOES:
':
ABSTAINING:
Council Members
•
•-
Council Members
Jason Fouyer, Mayor
ATTEST:
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
Michael Colantuono, City Attorney
~~`~~"'"
CLERK'S CERTIFICATION TO COUPITY AUDITOR
BENEFIT ASSESSMENT DISTRICT 2010-1
(MORGAN RANCH WEST)
(Pursuant to the Benefit Assessment Act of 1982)
TO THE COUNTY AUDITOR OF THE COUNTY OF NEVADA:
hereby certify that the attached document is a true copy of that certain
Engineer's Report, including assessment and assessment diagram, for Morgan Ranch
West Benefit Assessment District 2010-1, City of Grass Valley, County of Nevada, State
of California, confirmed by the City Council of the City of Grass Valley on the 9t" day of
June, 2015, by its Resolution No. 2015 -27.
This document is certified, and is filed with you, pursuant to Section 3114 of the
Streets and Highways Code.
Dated: June 9, 2014
Kristi K. Bashor, City Clerk
City of Grass Valley, County
of Nevada, State of California
(SEAL)