What is a REVOLUTION?
How does the spirit of the Enlightenment encourage revolution?
How did the American Revolution (1775–83) encourage the French Revolution?
What are the
causes of the
French
Revolution?
My three:
1:36
As you watch, identify
3 causes of discontent
in France by the 18th
century
• Inequalities in society (taxes/inflation/poverty)
• Financial crisis
• Incompetent leadership
Book Work
First Estate: 1% = 100,000 Clergy
Special privileges/ no taxes/
Church courts/ wealthy from rent
of land
Second Estate: 400,000 Nobility
2% of the population
Own 30% of the land/ paid few taxes
Ancien Regime
Third Estate: 97% = 24 million
Each estate has ONE vote
in the Estates General
(founded 1303, not met since 1614)
bourgeoisie
(city dwelling merchants, factory
owners, professionals)
free peasants
skilled workers
Sans-culottes
(workers of the 3rd estate)
serfs (pay $ landlord AND church)
AP World:
• Choose a pocket in the front of the room and
put your cell phones in it
• C 17 Q/A/T due on Monday 12/12
• DBQ on F 12/16 (I will give you the question
and 2 of the 7 documents on TH) (75 points)
Field Trip??
BEFORE our LAST
presentation….
REMINDERS:
C 20 TEST next
week (W
W 11/30
= 12/14)
Nick, Katherine
Find your C 20
papers PLEASE!
(there should be 4 )
Sit in your assigned
seats please
TH 12/1 =
Tamara, Sam
F 12/2 =
Simrun, Shane
M 12/5 =
Harris, Hailey
ancien regime
King Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Estates General
First Estate
Second Estate
Find your C 20
papers PLEASE!
Third Estate
READ and analyze
Bourgeoisie
Sans-culottes
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the
Citizen
radical
1. Why did the Third Estate dislike King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?
• Extravagant lifestyle
• She was Austrian- a country a traditional enemy of France
• She was frivolous- spent money on lavish parties and crazy hats
2. What special privileges were granted to the FIRST and SECOND estates?
•First = only church courts could try clergy for crimes/ didn’t have to pay taxes/
earned a lot of money from rents on church lands
•Second = didn’t have to pay taxes- held most of the country’s wealth
3. What ideas of the Enlightenment helped to inspire the poor to rebel…?
•Bourgeoisie knew of writings of Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire
•Wrote of the social contract, freedom of speech, religion and press
•Knew of success of American colonists in overthrowing British rule
4. Why was France in debt and how did nature contribute to France’s
problems in the 18th century?
•
•
France borrowed a lot of money to spend on wars (including Am Rev)
King and court continued to spend heavily which led to more borrowing
5. What actions could Louis XVI have taken to avoid an economic crisis?
•
•
•
He tried to tax the Second Estate but then backed down…. Should have
been a stronger leader
Could have eliminated tax exemptions for the FIRST AND SECOND
Estate
ALSO curb the expenses/ scale back spending
First Events of the Revolution
By 1789, no group happy
• Clergy and nobility lost power to
monarchy
• Bourgeoisie resented regulations
• Poor worse off- hungry and broke
Estates General meets
• Desire for reforms
• Voting process a problem
• Third Estate proclaimed
themselves National
Assembly
• Tennis Court Oath
Storming of the Bastille
• King brought in troops
• People of Paris armed
themselves
• Searching for weapons, a mob
stormed the Bastille
Great Fear spread
• King to punish the Third Estate
with foreign soldiers
• Rumors of massacres
• Peasants destroyed records
and burned nobles’ houses
QUICK REVIEW:
1. What happened during the first events of the Revolution?
2. Why did a mob storm the Bastille? What was the Bastille?
3. How was the 1789 meeting of the Estates General different from
previous meetings?
4. Did the National Assembly created by the Third Estate have the
right to make laws for all of France?
People still upset…… King tries to claim back more power
French attempts to create a NEW NATION!
•
•
•
•
•
•
National Assembly completed a constitution
Restricted the king’s power
Created the Legislative Assembly/ kept monarchy (restricted)
Gave citizens broad rights/ eliminated feudal dues
Church not eliminated but becomes a branch of the state
Assembly eliminated the First Estate’s legal privileges
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citize
(Olympe de Gouges?)
• Declaration written by the National Assembly that laid out the principles
of the revolution
• All men are born equal and remain equal before the law
• Freedom of speech
• Rights include: Liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression
• All persons are held innocent until they have been declared guilty
• Taxes shall be equally distributed in proportion to the means of the people
RESTRICTIONS ON POWER:
What was the outcome of the women’s march on Versailles?
King Louis XVI hides out
in Versailles
•
•
•
•
Louis called troops to Versailles to
protect his throne
7000 women marched to Versailles
(Oct 1789) for bread
Louis agreed to return to Paris
and live at Tuileries Palace with
his family
(Nov) National Assembly seizes
church lands to pay off debt
Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution
& the National Assembly. 1791
• National Assembly completes constitution on 1791
• Create a new legislative body called the
Legislative Assembly
•
Monarchs of Austria and Prussia issue warning to France…
•
•
•
•
Legislative Assembly powerless against growing violent mobs
Established more RADICAL National Convention
National Convention abolishes the monarchy
France is now a REPUBLIC
C 20 Section 2: The Republic
National Convention
convened
September 20, 1792
= RADICAL
Jean-Paul Marat
Maximilien Robespierre
Guillotine
Counterrevolution
Reign of Terror
Chapter 20 section 2: The Republic
1. A Radical Government: Factions in the New Government/Radical Leaders
• All members of the National Convention supported the Revolution
• The Mountain/ Jacobins = the most radical (Maximilien Robespierre)
• The groups of the National Convention had no formal organization
2. A Radical Government: Execution of the King/ Tightening Control/
Transforming Society
• King Louis XVI (and Marie Antoinette) placed on trial/ quickly found guilty/
killed by guillotine
• European nations/ monarchs horrified
• Committee of Public Safety set up 18-45 yr olds for military service
• Cult of Supreme Being- enthusiasm for revolution rather than the church was
primary goal
The National Convention voted
387 to 334 to execute the
monarchs.
January 21, 1793
Reign of Terror ?
No
No
No
No
God!
Religion!
King!
Constitution
40,000
Killed in 10 months
300,000
Imprisoned
TODAY: FIELD TRIP?
• Collect Napoleon Bio
poems historical
markers
• Review French Rev
• TEST C 20 sec 1 and 2
TOMORROW
• ONE notes sheet
permitted (front side
only)
• GO over Napoleon class
work on TH 12/15
The Monster Guillotine:
Last guillotine execution was in 1939!
3. The Reign of Terror/ An Outbreak of Civil war/ Accusations and Trials
•
•
•
After peasants won their demand- end of feudal dues- tended to remain
conservative = fear of counterrevolution
Peasants resisted the draft (region called the Vendee)= civil war
Members of the National Convention fell victim to the Reign of Terror
4. The Reign of Terror/ Death by Guillotine/ The Terror’s Victims
•
•
•
Condemned rode in an open cart through the streets of Paris
Guillotine could execute one per minute
All social classes fell victim (approximately 40,000 killed in total) inc,luding
Robespierre
Execution of Robespierre: July 27.1794
As a member of the Third
Estate how has the revolution
changed your life?
Page 7
1795: yet another constitution
Elected a governing board
called the Directory
Some of the same problems
existed: high prices,
bankruptcy, citizen unrest
Terms to KNOW for tomorrow:
•First Estate
•Second Estate
•Third Estae
•Estates General
•King Louis XVI
•Marie Antoinette
•National Assembly
•Bread March
•National Convention
•The Radicals (The Mountain)
•Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citrizen
•Olympe de Gouges
•Bourgeoise
•The Bastille
•Guillotine
•Maximillian Robespierre
•Committee of Public Safety
•Cult of the Supreme Being
•“Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”