Evaluating signs of determinants using single-precision
arithmetic
Francis Avnaim, Jean-Daniel Boissonnat, Olivier Devillers, Franco Preparata,
Mariette Yvinec
To cite this version:
Francis Avnaim, Jean-Daniel Boissonnat, Olivier Devillers, Franco Preparata, Mariette Yvinec.
Evaluating signs of determinants using single-precision arithmetic. [Research Report] RR-2306,
INRIA. 1994.
HAL Id: inria-00074367
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074367
Submitted on 24 May 2006
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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Evaluating signs of determinants using
single-precision arithmetic
Francis Avnaim , Jean-Daniel Boissonnat , Olivier Devillers , Franco P. Preparata ,
Mariette Yvinec
N˚ 2306
Juillet 1994
PROGRAMME 4
Robotique,
image
et vision
ISSN 0249-6399
apport
de recherche
1994
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Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique,
615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LÈS NANCY
Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex
Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 46 avenue Félix Viallet, 38031 GRENOBLE Cedex 1
Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex
Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex
Éditeur
INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)
ISSN 0249-6399
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