Entomology
By
in Perspective
1
ROBERT GLEN
Assistant Deputy
Canada Department
Minister of Research
of Agriculture, Ottawa
the new development possible. To quote him: "... before
physiology there had to be a developed science of
biology ....
"But before biology there had to be chemistry; and
before chemistry, physics; and before physics, mathematics. So the long preparation goes back into the
centuries.
"There is, in short, a time clock of science. Each science has to wait until its hour strikes .... "
\Ve live in an age of explosions: nuclear, to be sure,
but also population, political, technological, economic, and
social. Science leads the way (Oppenheimer,
1961).
Never before has the rate of change been so great or
the nature of the change so profound. Yet we seem to
be just heginning rather than ending this dramatic era.
If we cannot fortell the future we can at least contemplate
it. Indeed, under present circumstances, individuals, institutions, and especially governments must periodically
take stock and adjust their plans to keep their policies
and programs relevant
to the times. Those
who do not face the
next phase of this scientific period with scientific realism will decline as an effective
force in world affairs.
Today I can but
open this vast subject and mention only
enough entomology to
illustrate some of the
main points. My views,
Iike those of other individuals are biased. I
see the past from Canadian or at most from
North American experience and as one
who
has
gradually
metamorphosed
from
ROBERT GLEN
entomology to the administration of agricultural research. I contemplate the future through the eyes
of \Vestern democracy and admittedly with something
less than 20/20 vision. :'fy basic tenets are: (a) that
man's primary concern is with man and increasingly
with the welfare of his fello\\' man; and (b) that the
essential approach to this objective is through an understanding of the la\\'s of nature, including human nature.
In our attempts to unravel the secrets of nature and
to solve the problems of mankind, we need to keep our
guiding hypotheses and concepts a bit in advance of the
relevant factual information, but without breaking the
vital connections with the "time clock of science" and
the "conventional wisdom." To achieve this we must keep
in touch with both the intellectual frontiers and the realities of everyday life.
Let us now look briefly at the implications in the fields
of teaching, research, and administration.
And as we
go let us remember that these functions are themselves
interrelated and interacting.
Teaclrillg
The purpose we attach to education in general cannot
be divorced from the purpose we ascribe to man in
general. I regard man as the only agent capable of
directing the course of evolution and of realizing new
possibilities for mankind through manipulation of the
resources of the universe. But to attain this goal we
must focus on the development of man himself, human
minds being our greatest resource. Education holds the
key; and in this context we see the full meaning of
Wilder Penfield's words (1958): "Our educational structure will determine our future."
Entomological,
biological, agricultural,
medical, and
other professional training are surely parts of this larger
educational structure on which our future depends. In
each case, the purpose to be served should be linked to
the broader role of science as conceived in our day.
Fortunately, important developments are in the making.
The Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, sponsored by
the American Institute of Biological Sciences, is a truly
significant "event" in the Galbraith sense. It focuses attention on essentials and at the proper level-the
introductory course. This project-although
only a beginning
-is at once our public acknowledgment of the need to
strengthen the science of biology and our conviction that
the future depends on biological knowledge to interpret
the gains in physical technologies in terms of their benefits to mankind. Federal funds support this project; and
this testifies to the growing trend in the United Statesas in most progressive countries-of
increasing Federal
participation
in general education as well as at the
graduate level in science.
In Tile Affluellt Society, Galbraith (1958) reminds us
that it is important to people to be accepted by their
professional or social eljuals. The ideas that are esteemed
at anyone
time for their acceptability he collectively
terms "the conventional \\'isdom." He notes that events
and circumstances, rather than ideas, force change in
estahlished conventions. From this it follows that we can
think our way into the future only in relation to developing events. Those in positions of leadership must,
thl'refore, keep informed on broad fronts-the
broader
the better for all developing frontiers are interrelated and
all impinge on the \\'elfare of mankind, the ultimate goal.
Overstreet (1949) applies a similar principle directly
to scientific research. He contends that we cannot successfully develop new fields of investigation until preceding fields of knowledge have matured sufficiently to make
Entomology teachers should be following this development closely. Some are, but more need to reexamine their
own curricula.
In education for research workers, I
applaud the growing emphasis on fundamentals and the
decreased attention to detail that can be obtained from
1 Addrrss
of thr President of the Entomological Society of
America at the annual meeting held in Phoenix, Ariz., Decrm·
bel' 3·~, 1962.
3
If carefully planned, such an arrangement would go far,
in my opinion, to meet a mounting national and international requirement.
Entomology
shares with other
sciences the responsibility for such joint developments
of public importance.
reference \Yorks or from on-the-job trall1l11g. But, in
my opinion, the term frl/ldamclltals
should be broadened
to include in graduate curricula such topics as: (a) the
philosophical and conceptual bases of scientific research;
(b) the principles of scientific writing, the master's and
doctor's theses being used to assess the student's grasp of
essentials; and (c) the basic elements of research administration. Admittedly, knowledge a~d skills in these areas
will increase with practical experience. However, with
few exceptions American and Canadian students embarking on a research career seem to lack the conceptual
appreciation and the professional orientation required for
their rapid maturity as scientists in the fullest sense. And
far too few are capable of clearly and concisely recording
the results of theil" work though the basie reason for
doing research is to add to the record of knowledge. In
addition, Beveridge (1950) reminds us that discipline and
training in writing is probably the best training there is
in reasoning.
Research
Research falls within the broadest meaning of education for it is the primary source of new knowledge.
But research is much more than a vehicle for advanced
training at the university level.
The classical view would have pure or fundamental
research-meaning
undirected
basic investigation-assigned mainly to university faculties; and economic or
applied research-meaning
sponsored or directed investigation such as a specific attempt to solve an insect pest
problem-assigned
largely to non-unive\-sity institutions.
Events have forced our thinking away from these concepts. Today we find universities deeply involved in practical developmental researches and government moving
more and more into basic studies. Indeed in many of the
most progressive countries, including the United States,
the percentage of basic research being undertaken is
rapidly falling within universities while rising in g·overnment establishments. Part of the reason lies in the growing realization that an adequate applied research program
must have a strong basic research component to plOvide
an undcrstanding
of the problem. Only through understanding can we hope for lasting solutions.
Specialization
and frontiersmanship
should he encouraged, for these stimulate the development of creative
imagination so necessary for effective research and general progress. On the other hand, \ye must also develop
the man of breadth the scientist who understands the
seeming paradox of ~ur universe: unity characterized by
variation and alteration, in other words, interrelatedness
and oneness coexisting with infinite diversity and continuous change. Furthermore, ,,·e need the scientist who
sees that these basic qualities run through all life:
the gene, the cell, the organism, the ecological community;
and Iikewise through our social structure: the home, the
suburban community, the government; and even in the
institutions in which each of us works: the university,
the extension service, the commercial company, and the
research organization.
\Vherever we look we find unity
with diversity. The Entomological Society of America,
itself, illustrates the point admirably.
The land grant colleges and the State experiment
stations that followed them were founded on the highest
ideals. Over and over in the early records, one finds the
leaders in the movement insisting on a pmgram of
"original research," demanding "freedom for ctTative
workers," and exhorting local and Federal authorities to
recognize these educational institutions in the tl-aditional
manner. These ideas and ideals were voiced (llaiisham,
1961) as eloquently in tbe 1880's and 1890's as any
spokesman could today. But unfavorable circumstances
prevailed over these noble aspirations.
In reflecting on
this bit of history we should remember that these agricultural institutions were established essentially to benefit
a pioneering industry. As a result, local pressures arising
out of local needs could not be denied. The staffs that
were assembled to teach were soon pressed into practical
experimentation
and later those who were recruited to
investigate were often obliged to do extension work and
teaching. "Cnder these conditions basic research lagged
in spite of high motives and established tradition.
The need for career executives in science increases
yearly as science infiltrates further into the opel"ating and
policy-making levels of industry and government.
The
United States Civil Service Commission has organized
special courses in recent years to improve the Federal
position in this t"egard. D. K. Price (1962) assures us
that the United States has moved faster and more effectively than the United Kingdom to bring scientists into
positions of senior responsibility in government. However,
hoth countries lag behind the U.S.S.R., which is reported
hy C. P. Snow (1961) to have between 3S and 45 percent
scientists among its high-ranking diplomats.
In Canada today some agricultural faculties are being
strongly supported by provincial departments of agriculture and are literally being turned into provincial experiment stations. As a result, research facilities are being
established in sOllle quarters beyond the current or foreseeable requirements for advanced education in agricultural science. In these instances, emJlhasis on research
is more on practical problem solving than on underlying
biological principles. For example, the development of
a new variety of crop to meet an important regional need
is likely to get preference over deeJl probing into an
understanding of genetic incompatibilities.
I hope that the administration of science will soon receive the attention it deserves in university teaching.
Science administrators
should first be scientists; hence
the source of supply should be the ranks of science itself.
Speaking for research, I would prefer that future administrators be recruited from those outstanding young
investigators who during the maturing years of their
thirties find their interests to be growing mainly in
breadth and encompassing the management aspects of
their own institutions.
Such men are likely to have
already taken a Ph.D. degree in their chosen field and
to have achieved a commendable level of scientific status.
They are ripe for a change and a new challenge. At
this juncture they would benefit enormously from a year
with skilful and experienced teachers in public administration. The student, in this instance, would have the
scientific background against which to gauge the applicahility of the new ideas and techniques presented to him.
This emphasis by universities on practical research is
not only a reflection of the power of local or regional
interests and needs but also a recognition that local
researches provide the main source of e.,xtension information. Just as basic research undergirds both advanced
teaching and developmental research, the latter supplies
4
study of insects as organisms, a study of insects as
population components of ecological communities, and a
study of methods of controlling insect abundance. It is
the last area that captures major public interest and
constitutes the vast field of economic entomology. Its
importance cannot be overstated but we know that if
economic entomology is to remain virile we must not
neglect the undergirding studies of anatomy, taxoilOmy,
physiology, genetics, and behavior; and of speciation,
competition, commensalism, parasitism, and adaptation.
These can be undertaken by individual entomologists
or by laboratories or institutions devoted primarily or
solely to a study of insects. But when we undertake to
study the interrelations of insects with agriculture, forestry, commerce, or public health, much more than entomology is involved and the traditional entomology laboratory must give place to the broader-based research station
embracing all the relevant disciplines and functioning under the authority of a single director. When the organization includes more than one such laboratory, the directors must be responsible to a common senior counterpart
at headquarters.
This requirement conflicts with the
traditional concept of the line-authority, single-discipline,
research division. As an e..xample, may I cite the reorganization
in 1959 of the Research Branch in the
Canada Department of Agriculture (Glen, 1962) which
terminated the life of the Entomology Division as a
discrete entity.
the Iife blood of e..xtension. It is really not surprising,
therefore, that the three distinct but interrelated functions, tcaching, research, and e..xtension, should have become the main responsibilities of the land grant colleges
and eXlleriment stations. Together, these activities emhrace agricultural
education in its fullest sense. But
unfortunately even this arrangement
is not without its
drawhacks. Over the years events have revealed that research, particularly undirected basic research, flourishes
Ol'St in an establishment or organization where it is the
sole function to be considered. Also, although the progress of mankind is geared to our knowledge of the underlying' laws of nature, public demand will invariably give
priority to l'xtension, teaching, and developmental research. Basic. research competes poorly for essential support ami suffers when forced to share space, personnel,
ami buclg-ets with other functions. However, in an applied \"l'search organization, for e..xample one that exists
to sO!\'e insect pest problems, there is much to be said
for keeping the related basic and developmental aspects
of its program under one roof and under unified direction. All research should be efficient, but economic res('areh must also be relevant to public needs. This reljuirement is particularly hard to control if the related
rl'sl'arrhl's arc separated by location or administration.
I think \I'e have reached the point where it is more
important to have an adequate total program of research
for the country as a whole rather than the maintenance
of inflexible roles for university, government, and industry. The key is an effective means for continuously
assessing the overall research needs. To this end all
ag-cncies must cooperate, but the initiative and primary
responsibility rests with the Federal government.
For
a fuller treatment of modern concepts in research management, I commelH! you to the Zuckerman Committee report
~Ollil'e of the lIIinister for Science, 1961) based on exIleriL'llee in the L'nited Kingdom.
Administration
Dupre and Lakoff (1962) warn that "no great nation
can afford any longer to dispense with the advice and
creative foresight of its leading scientists and engineers."
And Glenn Seaborg (1962) advises that to plan and
administer the vast technical programs in which the
United States government has embarked we should conscript into government service the scientist and technologist as we previously did the lawyer. These state-
These general features of research have a bearing on the
progress of entomology. \Vith some notable exceptions,
entomological training and entomological research at the
university level have been more closely bound to agricultural colleges and experiment stations in the United States
than in Canada. Space permits reference to but one other
factor affecting the development of entomology in these
countries.
ments
are in keeping
with
a number
of trail-blazing
events, of which a few examples must suffice.
Agriculture, with its Federal support of State experiment stations, provides the oldest permanent example in
the United States of "extramural government research,"
which today is the distinguishing characteristic
of organized science in America. A more recent innovation,
the research grant, has completed the bridge between
universities and the public treasury in the research field.
Likewise, the research contract has joined the resources
from public taxes and private industry in the same
area of interest. In addition, public funds are being used
to establish entire nonprofit, autonomous research institutes under the administration of individual universities,
associations of universities, and commercial firms. By
this device Federal work can be undertaken in complete
freedom from civil service and other government regulations. Indeed, of the almost $10 billion now being
spent annually by the United States government on research and development, about three quarters is for work
by nongovernment research staffs in nongovernment research centers. This integration of Federal, State, and
private enterprise for the promotion of science and technology is an astonishing accomplishment in the face of
the traditional sanctity of universities, the established
independence and secrecy of industry, and the difficulties
inherent in so large a country with so many selfgoverning States. It is a fine illustration of the flexibility
of the political and financial structure of the United
States government and of the capacity for innovation of
In the United States responsibility
for entomology
is more decentralized, there being a larger percentage of
the trained entomologists in universities and colleges.
ilIoreover, for decades the numbers in universities have
heen sulticient to develop not only the practical aspects
but also strong graduate
schools with strong basic
research programs. Under these circumstances, the compknll'ntary Federal entomology service has had an uphill
stnlRgle to Ret a satisfactory fraction of its research program established in depth. In Canada the entomological
~taffs at universities and colleges have remained small,
both absolutely and in relation to the Federal service. The
amount of basic research undertaken by them has been
corresllondingly small and far below total national requin-ments. Consequently, the Federal entomology service
in Canada has had a better opportunity than its U. S.
counterpart to establish an appropriate balance between
the hasic and developmental aspects of its research
program.
Entomology must continue to be concerned with research in all forms from the purest of the pure to the
most pragmatic.
Emphasis must always be given to a
5
its administrations.
Similar developments with varying
degrees of success have been occurring in other countries. On the situation in the United Kingdom, Lord
Hailsham (1961), Minister for Science, ascribes to the
government
a "financing, co-ordinating,
participating,
training function." He concludes that "the clue to the
correct organization of science is an adequate pattern
of education."
of the future (1961) but we must do more than dream
about some pressing practical problems. To note a timely
and somewhat disturbing example: each country must
provide its own public with the information needed for
the proper use of pesticides; and scientists must fill a
permanent place in the government orjl,"anizations that
have the responsibility of advancing the scientific, political,
and social consequences of pesticide use in the future.
International events carry the story further. Through
the United Nations, governments are sponsoring research
and multilateral
technical assistance programs.
Entomologists are familiar with WHO's massive project on
eradication of malaria, F AO's Plant Protection Convention of a decade ago, and this year's meetings in Rome
to pave the way for international agreements on procedures affecting residues of, and resistance to, pesticides.
Other entomological implications are likely to arise from
FAO's present interest in international food standards
and from U. S. Public Law 480, which gives statutory
authority for the support of research in foreign countries.
Nongovernment
forces are also active in promoting
national and international developments in science. Reference has already been made to the AIBS program in
America.
In the still broader field, the International
Union of Biological Sciences, in cooperation with the
International Union of Biochemistry and the International
Union of Physiology, is promoting an international biological proj ect on the general subj ect of the effects on
living communities of changes in natural environments
(Anon., 1962). There should be a place for entomological consideration in such a project. Likewise, we should
note the recent announcement (Anon., 1962) of tentative plans for the establishment of large international
science laboratories for macromolecular biology, health
research, and intercontinental computing services. Possibilities of forecasting insect outbreaks on a hitherto unprecedented scale may stem from the use of satellites in
procuring specific information, including weather data,
and from the serious efforts being made to provide universal exchange of scientific information.
Perhaps we
can look to the newly organized Office of International
Scientific Affairs in the U. S. Department of State
for assistance in matters of this kind and in clarifying
generally the scientific implications in foreign policy.
These areas are receiving increasing attention from scientific societies and the Entomological Society of America
cannot afford to remain aloof.
Galbraith describes the conventional wisdom of our
day in the United States as production and more produl'tion-production
pushed beyond reason! But the challenge flung from the World Food Forum in Washinjl,"ton
last May was the realization of an economy of abundance
for all mankind. Perhaps the new wisdom that is taking
shape will be much broader in concept and more universal in application than its predecessors.
One mijl,"ht
even dare to hope that it will be "the welfare of all
mankind."
Economic entomology is already weli prepared to play its part in such a world. Its contributions
to more and better food and fiber and to the reduction of
disease and annoyance are truly leg-end. Classical entomology would likewise fit nicely into such a setting because the welfare of man depends on a deeper understanding than we have yet acquired of the laws that
govern the universe, and insects have already demonstrated their excellence as test material for such explorations.
Each of us has a duty to serve faithfully in his o\\'n
community. But the needs of the nation and of the
world-and
even our personal well-beingdemand that
we reach out beyond the boundaries of our own locality,
our own race, our own profession, and our own society.
The center of world interest is gradually shifting from
the goal of bare survival to that of the more complex
problem of human welfare, including human dignity. This
trend directs our attention to education, health, food, and
shelter. The spotlight of the distant future is focused on
people wherever and whoever they are. In keeping with
this shift, all of us should encircle our hopes and, if
possible, our deeds with the universal needs of man.
It is towards this new wisdom that we individually
and collectively should fashion our concept of the entomology of the future. Events, many still unforeseen,
will undoubtedly arise to delay the achievement of this
ideal, but if we hope to guide entomology to its proper
place in man's estate we must first see ourselves in true
relation to the rest of the universe. No organism, science,
or institution can exist in complete isolation. Interdependence is a universal law. Let us remember this as we
attempt to guide the destiny of the science and practice of
entomology and of the Entomological Society of America.
There are also some economic developments on the
international
frontier that command the attention of
entomologists with an eye on the future. A new era
in world trading relationships has burst upon us with
the formation of the European Common Market; new
development programs are under review by the very
active Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; and FAO has found a partner for her Freedom from Hunger Campaign in the recently launched
World Food Program.
REFERENCES
CITED
Anonymous.
1962. World co-operation in science. t\ature 193: 405-407.
Beveridge, W. I. B. 1950. The art of scientific investigation. \Villiam Heinneman Ltd., Toronto, Canada.
Dupre, J. S., and S. A. Lakoff. 1962. Science and the
nation. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Galbraith, J. K. 1958. The affluent society. H.iverside
Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Glen, R. 1962. Organization of the Research Branch
of the Canada Department of Agriculture:
an historical review. Agric. Inst. Review 17(3): 18-20,
45-46.
Hailsham, Rt. Hon. Viscount P. C. 1961. Science and
government in a free society. Nature 192: 393-398.
Knoblauch,
H. C., E. M. Law, and W. P. Meyer.
1962. State agricultural experiment stations: a his-
Although internationalism
is growing at an unprecedented rate, nationalism still dominates the scene. Cooperation is being attempted today between developed
and underdeveloped nations.
However, cooperation is
usually most effective between nations that have something comparable to offer one another.
In our long
journey towards one world we are still very much at the
stage where progress depends largely on national excellence. Many countries need our help. We may begin
to dream of Bertrand Russell's international university
6
tory of research policy and procedure.
V.S.D.A.
~lisc. Pub. 904.
Office of the Minister for Science, Great Britain.
1961.
Report of the committee on the management and
control of research and development. Her Majesty's
Stationery Office, London.
Oppenheimer,
Robert. 1961. Thoughts on art and science. /11 Science and the future of mankind, pp.
29-47. t'it~e\'ery Dr. \V. Junk, The Hague.
Overstreet, H. A. 11)49. The mature mind. \V. VV. Norton & Co., New York, N.Y.
Penfield, Wilder G. 1958. The testament of the com-
mon man. In Addresses and proceedings of Canadian
Conference on Education, pp. 3-14. Mutual Press,
Ottawa.
Price, D. K. 1962. The scientific establishment.
Science 136: 1099-1106.
Russell, Bertrand.
1961. Per aspera ad astra. !II Science and the future of mankind, pp. 339-354. Uitgevery Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.
Seaborg, Glen T. 1962. Science, the third revolution.
Science newsletter 82: 221-223.
Snow, C. P. 1961. Science and government.
Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
F. W. Poos Retires
but without pay. Our thoughts and thanks and those
of all members of the Society go out to these ~ood
people .
F. \\'. Poos hecame Editor of the J Ol'RXAI. OF Eco';U~IIl' EXTO~I()UlGYin 1953 and continued throu~h 1962.
r n 195-t he accepted the additional duties of Editorial
.\~si~tant to Executive Secretary A. B. Gurney. For
the first three months of
1955 he was Acting Executive Secretary. In that
year he retired from the
1.:. S. Department of
Agriculture.
In 1959 he
hecame Managing Editor.
On December 31, 1962 he
retired from the Entomological Society of America. So runs the record.
How much more-so very
much
morc--could
be
said.
\V e simply say
this. The membership at
Phoenix stood and applauded a merited resolution. The headquarters
FRED W. Poos
staff suitably observed the
retirement at a luncheon.
Since the road
had to turn,
The affairs of Society publications must go on. Dr.
Poos, by working long overtime, left sufficient edited
material to carry us well into 1963. Miss Gladys Visel,
indexer and proof reader par e.t'cel/ellt remains on our
staff as does Mrs. Helen Logsdon, the editor's secretary.
R. H. Foote has been employed by the Executive Secretary as Editorial Assistant to help us over the transition.
Dr. Foote is an experienced editor.
The Editorial Board of the JOURXAI. OF ECONOMIC
EXTo~!OLOGYhas named William M. Hoskins as Editor
and Roderick Craig as Associate Editor of the JOURNAL.
Both Dr. Hoskins and Dr. Craig are at the University
of California at Berkeley. Their appointments were ellective February 1, 1963. Ralph W. Bunn, now a Colonel
in the Army, has been hired as Managing Editor. Mr.
Bunn will report on April 1, 1963 when his retirement
from the Army will be effective. \Ve hope to have a
more extensive report on Editorial matters in the June
BCLLETIN. In the meantime we suggest, as pleasant and
informative reading', the article, "The Publication Process
Seen as a Biological Phenomenon" by Marcus Rosenblum
beginning on page 21 of the £1/ HS Hulletill for December
we did our best to send
1>1'. and ~lrs. Poos toward Florida and sunshine. Some
may not know that ~I rs. Poos assisted the Society Editor
1962.
It shall be the duty of the Committee to take direct
action by canvassing membership and by individual study
to bring forth candidates. Any member of the ESA residillg ill the Eastern Hrallch area may submit 1I0millatiOllS for the award. N omillations shall be submitted anIl1Il111yand should reach the chairman of the Award
Committee IIOt later thall September 1 of the year illtended for the award. The person or persons selected to
receive the award must be a member or members of the
ESA residing in the Eastern Branch area.
CITATION OF MERIT
EASTERN BRANCH, ESA
.\t til(' last annual meeting of the Eastern Branch,
ES:\, a reCllmmel1llation was approved that a citation in
the form of a suitably engraved plaque or certificate be
presente(l annually. when merited, at the Branch meeting
to an il1(li"idual or team of individuals based on the
following criteria:
1. COlltrilmtiOlI of broad sig-nificance to the science
of entomology.
2. Outstanding ser~'ice rendered to the Branch and/or
Ol1tstandin~ sadee to the profession of entomology
in the fields of teaching, industry, research, administration,
extension, pest control, quarantine,
public relations, or other pertinent fields.
Kominations should be supported by a biography, a
suggested brief citation, and documentation which establishes the merit of the person or persons nominated
to receive the award. The nominations and supporting
documentation should be submitted in five copies.
It is requested by the Committee that the members of
the Eastern Branch give thought to possible candidates
for the award to be presented at the 1963 annual meeting
and submit their nominations with supporting documentation to any member of the Committee well in advance
of the deadline date of September 1.
This citation of merit is to be awarded by an A~('ard
Committee consisting of the five immediate past chairmen
of the Branch, with the most recent past chairman serving" as committee chairman. In the event one of the
above has moved from the Branch area or is deceased,
the Chairman of the Branch would appoint another memht'r to fill this vacancy.
Award Committee
J. M. GRAYSON
E. N. WOODBURY
NEELY TURNER
F. W. Poos
HOWARDBAKER, Chairmall
The award would be presented at the annual meeting
of the Eastern Branch immediately following the address
of the President, ESA, or at an appropriate time selected
hy the program committee. \Ve recommend that the
prl'sentation be made by the chairman of the Branch.
7