History of Europe
1
HISTORY
Subject
:
History
Paper No.
:
Paper-VI
History of Modern Europe
Unit No. & Title
:
Unit-1
Europe between 1780 & 1871
Lecture No. & Title
:
Lecture-27
The Unification of Italy:
The Risorgimento
(For under graduate student)
FAQs
1.
What was the aim of the secret societies in Italy?
The secret society movements aimed at securing both a
constitutional regime and driving the Austrians out of
Italy.
2.
What do you know about the Carbonari?
The name Carbonari came from “charcoal-burners” and
the place where they met was called “baracca”, the
members called themselves “good cousin” so people
who did not belong to the Carbonari were called
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“pagani”. They were groups of secret revolutionary
societies founded in early 19th-century Italy. Although
their goals often had a patriotic and liberal focus, they
lacked
a
clear political
agenda. Members
of
the
Carbonari, and those influenced by them did take part
in important events in the process of Italian unification,
or the Risorgimento. They wanted to defend the rights
of people against all forms of absolutism, and to
achieve
their
purpose,
were
ready
to
commit
assassinations and armed revolts.
3.
Why did the secret societies fail in their mission?
The secret societies did not have the kind of mass
following required for a successful political movement.
They also lacked a coherent ideology and an organized
view of the future.
4.
Who was Charles Albert?
Charles Albert succeeded Charles Felix to the throne of
Sardinia in 1831. Although an Italian patriot allegedly
opposed to the Austrian hegemony in Northern Italy, he
put down Mazzini’s conspiracy. He introduced a series
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of reforms that abolished domestic customs barriers
within the kingdom, promulgated a constitutional law
code (Statuto Albertino) and supported the arts and
sciences. During the Revolutions of 1848 he agreed to a
constitutional regime that remained in place for the
century that the Kingdom of Italy lasted.
5.
Why
did
the
Neapolitan
and
the
Piedmont
Movement fail?
The Neapolitan Movement failed because there was lack
of co-ordination and the European coalition was against
them. and the Piedmont Movement failed because it
was the work of a small clique which lacked the broad
base of popular support and they also had to contend
with the hostility of the European powers.
6.
Which event shaped Mazzini’s philosophies about
Italy?
When Genoa was lost to Piedmont, Mazzini who had a
life-long attachment to the old Republican traditions
and institutions of Genoa had felt deeply aggrieved.
This shaped his liberal philosophies for Italy.
History of Europe
7.
4
What
were
the
expectations
of
the
Italian
bourgeoisie?
The Italian bourgeoisie in the northern parts of Italy,
wanted the introduction and expansion of railways,
improvement of communications and the integration of
Italy as a market.
8.
What
were
the
choices
before
the
Italians
regarding the political system of unified Italy?
Italy had three political options. They could either
support the popular movement led by Mazzini, aimed at
establishing a united republican Italy, or they could
choose
a
federation
of
Italian
states
under
the
presidency of Pope as Gioberti suggested. The third
choice was to accept the leadership of the House of
Savoy, in taking the initiative in driving away Austria
from
Italy
and
unifying
Piedmont-Sardinia.
under
the
leadership
of
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9.
How
5
were
Gioberti’s
ideas
different
from
Mazzini’s?
Whereas Mazzini thought that Italy ought to be a
democratic republic, Gioberti favoured a monarchical
and aristocratic federation under the hegemony of the
Pope.
10. What do you know about the ‘Young Italy’ that
Mazzini founded?
Mazzini was disillusioned by the activities of the
Carbonari of which he had been a member, and so he
organized a new political society called La giovine
Italia or Young Italy to promote Italian unification.
Mazzini believed that only a popular uprising would
create a unified Italy, and would touch off a Europewide
revolutionary
movement. The
group's
motto
was God and the People, and its basic principle was the
unification of the several states and kingdoms of the
peninsula into a single republic, as the only true
foundation of Italian liberty.