Year Five
Summer Revision Pack
2017
The exam is 1 hour long and will include the topics below. Remember to use keywords
and look at the number of marks for each question.
Good Luck!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Separating Mixtures CGP book pages 67-71
Space
CGP book pgs 93-97
Green Plants
CGP book pgs 4-11
Light and Shadows CGP book pgs 86-89
Living things and their habitats CGP book pgs 32-40
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SEPARATING MIXTURES –TOPIC 1
Mixtures are substances which are not chemically joined up. For example a bag of sweets is a mixture of
different sweets and a class of children is a mixture of different children.
Mixtures can be separated by Filtration, Sieving, Magnetism, Evaporation and Chromatography.
Dissolving
Solids can be dissolved in a liquid (usually water) to make a solution which is a mixture. You can tell a solid
has been dissolved when you can’t see it anymore. Salty water is a solution of salt and water.
Understanding dissolving using particles
When a solid is dissolved in a liquid it doesn’t just disappear. The particles that make up the solid are mixed
in between the gaps in the particle arrangement of the liquid. You won’t be able to see the solid any more
but it is still there!
Some important words
If a substance can be dissolved in a liquid it is said to be soluble.
If a substance cannot be dissolved in a liquid it is said to be insoluble.
The substance that is to be dissolved in the liquid is called the solute.
The liquid the substance is being dissolved in is called the solvent.
The solution is the mixture of the solute and solvent.
Remember the experiment we did using Copper sulphate crystals
A mixture can be formed more quickly by;
1) Heating the solvent (increasing the temperature gives the particles more energy)
2) Crushing the solute (making the solid smaller)
3) Stirring the solution (moving the particles around more)
Filtration
Filtration is used to separate a mixture where one of the substances is insoluble.
It is the process of filtering a mixture through filter paper in a funnel into a beaker. Only the liquid part of
the mixture will be present in the beaker, this is called the filtrate. The insoluble substance will collect in
the filter paper in the funnel, this is called the residue.
For example to separate a mixture of sand and water we can use filtration. This is because the sand grains
are too big to pass through the filter paper but the water can pass through easily.
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Sieving
Sieving is a bit like filtering and it is a technique used to separate a mixture that contains one material that is
a lot larger than the other.
Evaporation
Evaporation is when a liquid becomes a gas when it is heated.
This is useful to separate mixtures where a soluble solid is dissolved in a liquid. This is because once the
liquid has evaporated the solid material is left behind in the evaporating basin.
Chromatography
Chromatography is used when a solution contains more than one coloured solute.
It can be used to separate dyes found in inks. Different dyes will move through paper at different rates.
This is because some of the dyes will dissolve more readily than others and travel through the paper
quickly.
This is very useful as it can be used to identify which solutes are present in different solutions.
A chromatogram is the coloured paper result of using chromatography to separate a solution.
There are two different types of chromatography – ring and strip/vertical
You need to know the key steps to make a chromatogram. Remember base line in pencil, solvent and a wick
for ring chromatography. How did we work out who shot Mr Burns?
SPACE – TOPIC 2
The Sun, Earth and Moon are all spherical (shaped like balls). Think about how we know this. We are part
of the Solar system which contains planets, their satellites, asteroids and comets. The planets orbit the Sun
and take different amounts of time to do this. There are 8 planets and the order of them is:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming
Pluto used to be the ninth planet in our solar system but in 2006 scientists renamed it as a dwarf planet. So
now we have 8 planets in the solar system.
Gravity is an attractive force between two objects. The gravity of the Sun pulls the Earth towards it. The
Earth orbits the Sun anticlockwise and takes a year ie 365 days to do this.
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Day and Night
We have day and night because the Earth spins on its axis. It takes the Earth 24 hours to make one complete
turn on its axis, so an Earth day is 24 hours long. The Sun lights up one half of the Earth, and the other half
is in shadow. Due to this movement the Sun ‘appears’ to rise in the East and set in the West.
Shadows
We see non-luminous objects because light reflects off them eg the Sun shines on the Moon and so we can
see it from Earth. Think about how sundials can be used to tell the time.
Seasons
The tilt of the Earth's axis causes the seasons to change as we orbit the Sun in one Earth year.
When the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun it is summer in the UK. When the northern
hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun it is winter in the UK. There are four seasons and each one lasts for
approximately three months.
The Moon
The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. A satellite is something that orbits a planet. The Moon takes
28 days (approximately 1 month) to orbit the Earth.
The Moon has 8 phases which are caused by how much the Sunlight is reflecting off it as it orbits the Earth.
Can you name them and draw them?
Eclipses
There are two types of eclipses.This is a Solar eclipse as the Sun is blocked by the Moon.
This is a Lunar eclipse as the Moon is blocked from the Sun by the Earth.
Can you draw diagrams to represent them?
GREEN PLANTS – TOPIC 3
You need to label parts of the seed and know what each part does.
Germination
This is when a seed grows until it becomes a little plant that doesn’t need its food store anymore.
Things needed: Water, Oxygen, Warmth – remember WOW!!!
A seed does not need light to grow as they are often planted in the soil.
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Why do plants have leaves?
Leaves help the plant to make its own food by a process called Photosynthesis. This uses carbon dioxide
from the air, water from the soil and sunlight. The leaf contains a green dye called Chlorophyll that traps
the sun’s energy and then uses it to make the food sugar (glucose).
Here’s what’s needed for photosynthesis:
Sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water
-------------------------
Glucose + oxygen
Chlorophyll
Parts of a flower
What is the male part of the flower called? It’s in two parts and one holds the pollen. The female part of
the flower holds the ovules (eggs) in the ovary. The carpel is then made of two more parts called the
stigma and the style. Make sure you can label the parts of the flower.
Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
Insect pollination uses insects to transfer the pollen. Plants have brightly coloured petals and scented
flowers to attract insects. Pollen sticks to the insects’ legs when the insect goes to eat the nectar from the
flower. As the insect leaves it then carries this pollen to the next flower it visits where the pollen will stick
to the stigma of that flower.
Wind pollination uses the wind to transfer the pollen. Plants that rely on the wind to transport their pollen
to other plants do not need to have bright petals or sweet scented flowers, instead they have long filaments
so the anther which holds all the pollen can reach to outside the flowers petals where the wind can blow the
pollen away. The stigmas of plants receiving pollen by wind pollination have a feathery appearance to help
catch the pollen in the wind. There is lots of pollen and it is very light.
Fertilisation
Fertilisation is when the pollen and the ovule join together. When pollen reaches the stigma it then sends a
long pollen tube down the style towards the ovary where the ovule is. The ovary develops into a fruit and
each fertilised ovule forms a seed.
Seed Dispersal
Seeds are usually spread away from the parent plant to give them a better chance of survival.
Different examples of seed dispersal are:
Wind, water, gravity, animals (fur and eating berries) and explosion.
Can you draw the lifecycle of a plant?
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LIGHT AND SHADOWS – TOPIC 4
Light travels in straight lines and it travels very fast!
Shadows are places where the light doesn’t shine. How can you change the size of a shadow?
We see things when light from a light source enters our eyes. Light may travel directly to our eyes if we are
looking at the light source, like a candle. But light also bounces off objects before travelling to our eyes
enabling us to see the objects.
Objects that let light travel through them are Transparent.
Objects that only let some light travel through them are Translucent
Objects that don’t let any light through are Opaque. When light hits and opaque object a shadow is formed
where the light cannot travel through.
When light hits a surface some light will be reflected and some will be absorbed.
Non-luminous and luminous objects
Luminous objects are light sources, things that produce light. For example; the sun, candles, light bulbs and
flames. Non-Luminous objects only reflect light. For example: the moon, books, tables, and pencils
Remember we can see non-luminous objects because the light from luminous objects reflects off the nonluminous objects then into our eyes!
Scattering and reflection of Light
Light reflects off of some materials better than others.
Materials and objects with smooth shiny surfaces, like a mirror, reflect light at the same angle as it hit the
mirror, giving you a clear reflection.
Materials and objects that have rough surfaces do not reflect the light back at the same angle as it arrived,
but in lots of different directions, the light is scattered. This makes the surface look dull, like paper.
HABITATS AND ADAPTATIONS – TOPIC 5
Habitat means the place where a plant or animal lives ie its home. Examples are: ocean, pond, tree, desert,
wall, jungle, field, soil, woodland. Animals and plants live in habitats which they are suited to; a fish
wouldn’t be very happy living in a desert!
A habitat must provide food, water, shelter and protection for the animal or plant or it won’t survive. The
conditions in a habitat are called the environment. Some conditions are: temperature, amount of light and
rainfall.
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Adaptations are special features of animals and plants which make them suited to living and surviving in
their habitat.
Some animals hibernate to avoid really cold seasons which they might not survive. When an animal
hibernates it goes to sleep, usually underground, until the weather is warmer.
Animals may migrate great distances in search of food, warmth and water.
Nocturnal animals are active at night rather than during daylight hours. This is useful in hotter places such
as the tropics because it's cooler at night. It's also easier to hide from predators under cover of darkness.
Food chains
Food chains show what living things in a particular habitat feed on. Green plants make their own food by
photosynthesis using energy from the Sun. Animals feed on plants or other animals. Arrows in a food chain
show ‘who eats who’ and how the energy moves along the chain. Most food chains start with a green plant.
Here’s an example:
Oak tree
--------- Caterpillar
----
Mouse -------
Owl
Plants are called producers as they make their own food. The animals which eat the other living things are
called consumers, as they get their food by eating other plants or animals. Predators are animals which
only eat other animals. The animals they eat are called their prey.
Grass
(Producer)
-------------
Rabbit
-----------
(Primary Consumer)
Fox
(Secondary Consumer)
(Prey)
(Predator)
A Herbivore only eats plants.
A Carnivore only eats meat.
An Omnivore eats both plants and animals.
Changes to food chains
If one part of a food chain alters, the whole food chain is affected. For example, if a disease suddenly wiped
out rabbits, it would affect foxes but also other animals such as owls.
Food Webs
Luckily in nature most animals eat more than one type of food so can adapt to a change in the food chain.
This means that food chains can be linked together in a food web.
Remember we also need to try and protect our environment from the effects of pollution and habitat
destruction. We can do this by creating nature reserves, zoos, new habitats, planting trees etc.
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