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F
GCSE
ADDITIONAL APPLIED SCIENCE
Foundation Tier
Unit 1 Science at Work
Wednesday 15 June 2016
Afternoon
Time allowed: 1 hour
Materials
For this paper you must have:
a ruler
a calculator
the Equations Sheet (enclosed).
Instructions
Use
black ink or black ball-point pen.
in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.


Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.
Fill
Information
The
marks for questions are shown in brackets.
maximum mark for this paper is 60.
You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.

You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
Question 9 should be answered in continuous prose.
In this question you will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
The
Advice
In
all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
(Jun16AAS1FP01)
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AAS1FP
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1
There are many parts in the human skeleton. Some parts of the skeleton protect
organs, some parts support the body and some parts allow the body to move.
Figure 1 shows the human skeleton.
Figure 1
Skull
Teeth
Elbow
Finger
Femur
Use the labels on the skeleton in Figure 1 to answer the following questions.
1 (a)
Which part of the skeleton has the main function of protection?
[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
Elbow
1 (b)
Femur
Finger
Skull
Teeth
Which part of the skeleton has the main function of support?
[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
Elbow
1 (c)
Femur
Finger
Skull
Teeth
Which part of the skeleton has the main function of allowing movement?
[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
Elbow
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Femur
Finger
Skull
Teeth
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3
3
2
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Different analytical techniques can be used to get scientific evidence.
Draw one line from each piece of scientific evidence to the correct analytical technique
used.
[4 marks]
Piece of scientific evidence
Finding out which ink
is in a forged document
Analytical technique
A microscope
Chromatography
Finding the concentration
of glucose in urine
Dip-stick
Finding out how many layers
of paint are on a bicycle
Flame test
Finding out which metal ion
is in a compound
Grip test
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4
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3
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Sailing is a popular sport.
Different materials are used to make a modern sailing dinghy, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
Aluminium mast
Polyester sail
Fibreglass hull
Wooden rudder
3 (a) (i)
Which of the materials used to make the sailing dinghy is a composite?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 (a) (ii) Which of the materials used to make the sailing dinghy is a metal?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 (a) (iii) Which of the materials used to make the sailing dinghy is a natural material?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3 (b)
What is meant by a synthetic material?
[1 mark]
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4
5
4
This question is about moments of forces.
4 (a)
Complete the following sentence.
Do not write
outside the
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[1 mark]
The moment of a force is the ________________________ effect of the force.
4 (b)
Figure 3 shows a swimmer about to dive into a swimming pool.
Figure 3
Weight of
swimmer 480 N
1.5 m
4 (b) (i)
Use the information in Figure 3 to calculate the moment the swimmer exerts on the
diving board.
Give the correct unit in your answer.
Use the Equations Sheet to help you.
[2 marks]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Moment = ______________________________________
4 (b) (ii) The swimmer moves to the very end of the diving board before diving into the
swimming pool.
How does this change the moment exerted on the diving board?
[1 mark]
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
Turn over 
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4
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5
A forensic scientist took a soil sample from a suspect’s shoe.
5 (a)
The forensic scientist used universal indicator solution to find the pH of the soil.
The universal indicator solution turned dark blue.
Use the information above to answer the following questions.
5 (a) (i)
What does this tell the forensic scientist about the soil?
[1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
the soil is acidic
the soil is alkaline
the soil is neutral
5 (a) (ii) What is the approximate pH of the soil?
[1 mark]
pH _____________
5 (b)
Which piece of equipment would the scientist use to obtain a more accurate value for
the pH of the soil?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5 (c)
The forensic scientist looked at the soil sample through a microscope.
5 (c) (i)
Figure 4 shows what he saw.
Figure 4
Soil particle
D
A
B
E
C
Scale: 1 mm =
Work out the diameter of soil particle B. Use the scale to help you.
Write your answer in Table 1.
[1 mark]
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Table 1
Soil particle
Diameter in mm
A
0.8
B
C
0.9
D
0.6
E
1.0
5 (c) (ii) Calculate the average diameter of the soil particles.
[2 marks]
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Average diameter = __________________ mm
5 (c) (iii) Table 2 shows the average particle diameter of different types of soil.
Table 2
Type of soil
Average particle diameter in mm
clay
less than 0.002
silt
0.002 to 0.2
sand
0.2 to 2.0
gravel
greater than 2.0
Suggest the type of soil the forensic scientist was looking at.
Use your answer to part (c)(ii) and the information in Table 2 to help you.
[1 mark]
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Turn over 
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8
6
Healthcare scientists keep people fit and healthy.
A nutritionist is an example of a healthcare scientist.
6 (a)
Give three other examples of healthcare scientists.
Do not write
outside the
box
[3 marks]
1 ____________________________________________________________________________________
2 ____________________________________________________________________________________
3 ____________________________________________________________________________________
6 (b)
A nutritionist studies the energy used by a group of men who do various amounts of
exercise.
Table 3 shows her results.
Table 3
Body mass
(in kg)
Exercise level
Energy used per day
(in kJ)
A
60
Active
12862
B
60
Moderately active
10400
C
60
Inactive
7860
D
70
Active
14486
E
70
Moderately active
11965
F
70
Inactive
Man
6 (b) (i)
An inactive man uses 131 kJ per day for every kilogram of body mass.
Calculate the amount of energy man F uses.
[1 mark]
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________
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kJ
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6 (b) (ii) Describe two trends shown in Table 3.
[2 marks]
1 ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 (b) (iii) Suggest one factor not shown in Table 3 that affects the amount of energy a person
uses.
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6 (c)
Complete the following sentence.
[2 marks]
Before a race an athlete eats a food made of complex carbohydrates, such as
_________________
, to increase the amount of glycogen stored in the _________________ .
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10
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Table 4 contains information about the properties of five materials, A, B, C, D and E,
and a ceramic material.
Table 4
Density
Tensile
strength
Thermal
conductivity
Electrical
conductivity
Flexibility
A
High
High
High
Low
Low
B
Low
Low
High
Low
High
C
High
High
High
High
Low
D
Low
High
High
High
High
E
Low
Low
Low
Low
High
Ceramic
High
Material
7 (a) (i)
Which one of the materials, A, B, C, D or E, is most likely to be a metal?
[1 mark]
Material ______________
7 (a) (ii) Give two reasons for your choice. Use the information in Table 4 to help you.
[2 marks]
1 ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2 ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7 (a) (iii) Complete the table for a ceramic material by adding High or Low in the blank spaces.
One has been done for you.
[2 marks]
7 (a) (iv) Ceramic materials are strong in compression.
What is meant by the term strong in compression?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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7 (b)
Do not write
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A materials scientist tested the flexibility of two samples of materials.
Each sample was the same size and shape at the start of the test.
She added weights to each sample and measured the amount of bending.
The first sample was made from carbon fibre.
The second sample was made from polyethene.
Polyethene is more flexible than carbon fibre.
The test for the carbon fibre sample is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5
Sample of carbon fibre
fixed to table top
Amount of bending
10 N weights
7 (b) (i)
On Figure 5, mark with the letter T a point on the sample that is under tension.
[1 mark]
7 (b) (ii) How would you expect the results to be different when the test is repeated with the
polyethene sample?
[2 marks]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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9
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Materials scientists need to know about the structure of substances to understand the
properties of substances.
Figure 6 shows the structure of sodium chloride crystals.
Figure 6
Chloride ion (Cl–)
Sodium ion (Na+)
8 (a)
Sodium chloride crystals have a high melting point.
Which two statements explain why sodium chloride has a high melting point?
[2 marks]
Tick () two boxes.
Each crystal contains many molecules of sodium chloride.
The ions in the crystal are held together by the strong force
of attraction between opposite charges.
The bonds are all on the outside of the crystal.
The ions in the crystal are arranged in a regular way.
A lot of energy is needed to separate the ions.
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8 (b)
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Carbon dioxide is a simple covalent compound.
In carbon dioxide, covalent bonds hold the atoms together.
8 (b) (i)
Which two statements are true about simple covalent compounds?
[2 marks]
Tick () two boxes.
The atoms share electrons.
When the bond is made the atoms gain positive or negative charges.
The atoms are arranged in a lattice.
Each atom is surrounded by a sea of moving electrons.
The bonds holding the atoms together are strong.
8 (b) (ii) Complete the following sentence.
[1 mark]
Simple covalent compounds have low melting points because the forces between the
molecules are __________________ .
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In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Squash is a ball game played on an indoor court.
Players hit a hollow rubber ball against the walls of the court with racquets, as shown in
Figure 7.
Figure 7
Squash balls are made of soft rubber and are 4 cm in diameter.
Different types of squash balls bounce differently.
The squash ball bounces higher when the ball is warm.
Use the information above to design an experiment to find out how changing the
temperature of the ball affects how high the ball bounces.
You
are provided with normal laboratory apparatus and some squash balls.
a list of the variables and state how you would control them.
Include any measurements that you would take.

Describe how you could change and measure the temperature of the squash ball
remembering that rubber will catch fire if placed over a Bunsen burner flame.
You may include diagrams in your answer.
[6 marks]
Include
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Extra space _________________________________________________________________________
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6
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There are no questions printed on this page
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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10
A student does training to help improve his physical fitness.
10 (a)
Figure 8 shows the effect of exercise on the student’s breathing rate.
Figure 8
35
30
25
Breathing 20
rate in
breaths
per minute 15
10
5
0
Resting
period
After
jogging for
30 seconds
After
jogging for
1 minute
Activity
10 (a) (i)
Use the graph in Figure 8 to describe the change in breathing rate after jogging for
1 minute.
[2 marks]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Question 10 continues on the next page
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10 (a) (ii) Explain why the student’s breathing rate increases during exercise.
[3 marks]
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10 (b)
The student exercises for 6 minutes.
Figure 9 shows the heart rate of the student during and after exercise.
Figure 9
140
Student before training
120
100
Heart
rate in
beats
per
minute
80
60
40
20
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Time in minutes
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Table 5 shows the effect of exercise on the heart rate of the same student after training
for several weeks.
Table 5
Time in minutes
0 (start of exercise)
58
2
74
4
90
6 (end of exercise)
10 (b) (i)
Heart rate
in beats per minute
100
8
74
10
58
12
58
On the same axes in Figure 9 plot the graph of the results in Table 5.
The first point has been done for you.
[2 marks]
10 (b) (ii) For the student before training, how long did it take for the heart rate to get back to
normal after exercise?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
minutes.
10 (b) (iii) What effect does training have on the student’s recovery rate?
[1 mark]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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9
END OF QUESTIONS
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