WHAT'S GOING ON WITH OPEN?
THE STATE OF OPEN ACCESS, OPEN DATA
AND OPEN SCIENCE
Amie Fairs
6th January 2017
Friday lunch talk
OPEN ACCESS
“Open Access is the free, immediate, online
availability of research articles, coupled with the
rights to use these articles fully in the digital
environment.”
http://sparcopen.org/open-access/
OPEN ACCESS
“Open Access is the free, immediate, online
availability of research articles, coupled with the
rights to use these articles fully in the digital
environment.”
http://sparcopen.org/open-access/
WHY IS OPEN ACCESS IMPORTANT?
The Max Planck Digital Library spends
> €10,000,000
on journal subscriptions each year
39%
Source: “Elsevier STM publishing profits rise to 39%”
http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.com/2014/03/elsevier-stm-publishing-profits-rise-to.html
Wang, X., Liu, C., Mao, W., & Fang, Z. (2015). The open access advantage considering citation, article usage and social media
attention. Scientometrics, 103(2), 555–564. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1547-0
ACHIEVING OPEN ACCESS
Gold route: OA journals
Green route: repository
DUTCH OA POLICY
60% Gold OA by 2018
100% Gold OA by 2024
http://www.openaccess.nl/en/in-the-netherlands/what-does-the-government-want
http://www.openaccess.nl/en/events/ukb-signs-the-hague-declaration-on-open-science
DUTCH OA POLICY
60% Gold OA by 2018
100% Gold OA by 2024
The Hague Declaration:
European copyright rules must specify that authors
do not lose the right to use or reuse data and texts
by signing a contract with a publisher.
http://www.openaccess.nl/en/in-the-netherlands/what-does-the-government-want
http://www.openaccess.nl/en/events/ukb-signs-the-hague-declaration-on-open-science
HOW CAN YOU HELP OA?
Publish OA (if you want to)
OR
Put pre-prints online (bioRxiv, PsyArXiv)
Put post-prints online
Blog about your work
OPEN DATA
“Open Data is research data that is freely
available on the internet permitting any user to
download, copy, analyse, re-process, pass to
software or use for any other purpose without
financial, legal, or technical barriers other than
those inseparable from gaining access to the
internet itself.”
http://sparcopen.org/open-data/
OPEN DATA
“Open Data is research data that is freely
available on the internet permitting any user to
download, copy, analyse, re-process, pass to
software or use for any other purpose without
financial, legal, or technical barriers other than
those inseparable from gaining access to the
internet itself.”
http://sparcopen.org/open-data/
WHY IS OPEN DATA IMPORTANT?
IT’S HELPFUL!
Document your research process from start to
finish
– transparency
Posting scripts, programming files, analysis
techniques etc. is all helpful for someone else
– why should we reinvent the wheel?
Replication crisis
REPLICATION
Open data opens up micro decisions:
John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices
with incentives for truth telling. Psychological science, 0956797611430953.
REPLICATION
Open data opens up micro decisions:
John et al (2012): 67% psychologists failed to
report all of a study’s dependent variables; 27%
failed to report all conditions in a study; 50%
selectively report studies that worked
Open data = did these other researchers do
something you might do?
John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices
with incentives for truth telling. Psychological science, 0956797611430953.
CATCHING ‘ERRORS’...
2015 Psychological Science paper
‘Women’s preference for attractive makeup
tracks changes in their salivary testosterone’
http://retractionwatch.com/2016/02/03/makeup-use-linked-to-testosterone-levels-not-so-fast-says-retraction/
http://discoveringstatistics.blogspot.nl/2016/02/to-retract-or-to-not-retract-that-is.html
CATCHING ‘ERRORS’...
2015 Psychological Science paper
‘Women’s preference for attractive makeup
tracks changes in their salivary testosterone’
RETRACTED
http://retractionwatch.com/2016/02/03/makeup-use-linked-to-testosterone-levels-not-so-fast-says-retraction/
http://discoveringstatistics.blogspot.nl/2016/02/to-retract-or-to-not-retract-that-is.html
CATCHING ‘ERRORS’...
2015 Psychological Science paper
‘Women’s preference for attractive makeup tracks
changes in their salivary testosterone’
RETRACTED
“I understand that the person who detected the
error did so because he re-analyzed the data, which
Fisher et al. [authors] had posted on [the Open
Science Framework] OSF, as part of a statistics
course.” – Stephen Lindsay, interim editor
http://retractionwatch.com/2016/02/03/makeup-use-linked-to-testosterone-levels-not-so-fast-says-retraction/
http://discoveringstatistics.blogspot.nl/2016/02/to-retract-or-to-not-retract-that-is.html
HOW CAN YOU HELP OD?
Put your data (and associated research
documents) into a repository
- MPI Archive
- Open Science Framework
- EDMOND
Other repositories also available
OPEN SCIENCE
“Open Science is the practice of science in such
a way that others can collaborate and
contribute, where research data, lab notes and
other research processes are freely available,
under terms that enable reuse, redistribution
and reproduction of the research and its
underlying data and methods.”
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition
OPEN SCIENCE
“Open Science is the practice of science in such
a way that others can collaborate and
contribute, where research data, lab notes and
other research processes are freely available,
under terms that enable reuse, redistribution
and reproduction of the research and its
underlying data and methods.”
https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-science-definition
WHY IS OPEN SCIENCE IMPORTANT?
OPEN SCIENCE
Encompasses Open Access and Open Data
Broadly in line with EU and country funding
regulations
WHAT’S HAPPENING IN THE OPEN
WORLD RIGHT NOW?
CURRENTLY...
• Changing research evaluation
– analysis of academic job adverts, tenure
specifications (Erin McKiernan and colleagues)
CURRENTLY...
• Changing research evaluation
– analysis of academic job adverts, tenure
specifications (Erin McKiernan and colleagues)
– impactstory
CURRENTLY...
• Changing research evaluation
– analysis of academic job adverts, tenure
specifications (Erin McKiernan and colleagues)
– impactstory
– altmetric
Credit: Karin Kastens
CURRENTLY...
• Newer repositories for papers
– SocArXiv and PsyArXiv
CURRENTLY...
• Newer repositories for papers
– SocArXiv and PsyArXiv
• Open data culture change
– e.g. CERN Open Data Portal
CURRENTLY...
• Newer repositories for papers
– SocArXiv and PsyArXiv
• Open data culture change
– e.g. CERN Open Data Portal
• Open lab notebooks
– e.g. Lab Scribbles (Rachel Harding, research on
Huntington’s Disease)
CURRENTLY...
• EU project: Monitoring trends in OS
CURRENTLY...
• EU project: Monitoring trends in OS
• Open Knowledge Maps
– http://openknowledgemaps.org/
CURRENTLY...
• EU project: Monitoring trends in OS
• Open Knowledge Maps
– http://openknowledgemaps.org/
• German universities stopped Elsevier
subscriptions
CURRENTLY...
• EU project: Monitoring trends in OS
• Open Knowledge Maps
– http://openknowledgemaps.org/
• German universities stopped Elsevier
subscriptions
• OA2020
CURRENTLY...
• EU project: Monitoring trends in OS
• Open Knowledge Maps
– http://openknowledgemaps.org/
• German universities stopped Elsevier
subscriptions
• OA2020
• ‘How to be open’ guide
– Daniela Saderi (Oregon), myself, and others
THANKS FOR LISTENING!
ANY QUESTIONS?
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
GWILYM LOCKWOOD & EVELIEN HEYSELAAR
KARIN KASTENS
RALF SCHIMMER
MPG & MPDL
OPENCON
80%
of research is
publicly
funded
Source: “Academic Publishing: Survey of funders supports the benign Open Access outcome priced into
shares, HSBC Global Research,” February 11, 2013:
https://www.research.hsbc.com/midas/Res/RDV?ao=20&key=RxArFbnG1P&n=360010.PDF
2. Rights
Source: http://creativecommons.org/
3. Myths
No opportunity
No familiar enough with
0.6
Slower publication times
OA journals
0.5
Because grant-awarding
Low impact
body
0.4
Don't like editorial board
0.3
Low prestige
0.2
Because institution
0.1
Smaller readership
0
Always publish in the
same journal
Because collaborators
Poor peer review
procedures
Concerned about
archiving
Don't know any OA
journals
Less citation
No funds
Object to paying for OA
4. Advertising
Source: sherpa.ac.uk/romeo
Brembs, B., Button, K., & Munafò, M. (2013). Deep impact: unintended consequences of journal rank. Frontiers in Human
Neuroscience, 7. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00291
Data from: Fang, F., & Casadevall, A. (2011). RETRACTED SCIENCE AND THE RETRACTION INDEX Infection and Immunity
doi:10.1128/IAI.05661-11
The Open Access advantage
+40.3% CITATION ADVANTAGE FOR FREELY
ACCESSIBLE PAPERS
-27.0% CITATION DISADVANTAGE FOR
NON-FREELY ACCESSIBLE PAPERS
Source: European Commission Report: “Proportion of Open Access Papers Published in Peer-Reviewed Journals at the
European and World Levels—1996–2013
URL: http://science-metrix.com/en/publications/reports#/en/publications/reports/proportion-of-open-access-paperspublished-in-peer-reviewed-journals-at-the