General Test Instructions
1999
SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE
TEST
•
Reading time: 10 minutes
•
Working time: 1–12 hours
•
The supervisor will tell you when to begin the test
•
This test has TWO sections
•
Attempt ALL questions
•
Calculators may be used in both sections
•
Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top
of pages 17, 21 and 25
Directions for Section 1
8 November
1
Allow about 45 minutes to answer this section
2
This section has TWO parts
Part A
Questions 1–18
Part B
Questions 19–25
Start 12.50 pm
3
SCIENCE
SECTION 1
S13
(18 marks)
(7 marks)
Complete your answers to Section 1 on the separate
Part A and Part B Answer Sheets
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1
Instructions for answering questions in Section 1
• Complete your answers in either blue or black pen.
• Multiple choice
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the
response oval completely.
Sample 1:
2+4=
(A) 2
(B)
A
6
(C) 8
B
C
(D) 9
D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect
answer and fill in the new answer.
A
B
C
D
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the
correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and
drawing an arrow as follows.
correct
A
B
C
D
• Completing the boxes
Write firmly and clearly. Your answer must be written from left to right. Use
block letters for words. Numbers must be used for numerical answers.
Decimal points and negative signs must be clearly shown in separate boxes.
Do NOT let any part of the letter or number touch the sides of the answer
boxes.
Sample 2:
–7 ÷ 2 = –
Sample 3:
How many days are in a week? 7
Sample 4:
What is the fifth month? M A
3
·
5
days
Y
If you think you have made a mistake, put a line through the incorrect answer
and write the correct one above the box.
M A Y
J U N E
–2–
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
PART A
Complete your answers to Questions 1–18 on the Part A Answer Sheet.
1
The diagram shows a plant.
Which choice correctly identifies a function of each labelled part of the plant?
FUNCTION OF PART
To take
up water
To attract
insects for
pollination
To absorb
light for
photosynthesis
To store
and spread
seeds
(A)
Q
P
R
S
(B)
S
P
Q
R
(C)
Q
R
P
S
(D)
S
R
Q
P
–3–
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
2
The diagram shows the colours on stage when red, blue and green spotlights are
used in various combinations.
Red
Magenta
Blue
White
Yellow
Cyan
Green
The circuit shows how three spotlights are set up in a theatre.
P
Q
R
Red
spot
Power supply
Blue
spot
Green
spot
What is the colour on stage when switches P and Q are closed?
(A) Cyan
(B)
Green
(C) White
(D) Yellow
–4–
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
3
Some information about elements is shown in the table.
Element
Discovered
Melting point
(°C)
Colour
Density
(g L–1)
Classification
A
After 1700
–7
Brown
3.1
Non-metal
B
Before 1700
1060
Gold
19.3
Metal
C
Before 1700
–210
Clear
D
Before 1700
119
Yellow
0.003
Non-metal
2.1
Non-metal
Which non-metallic element, discovered before 1700, is a solid at room
temperature?
(A) A
(B)
B
(C) C
(D) D
4
In sports like squash and tennis, the balls become warmer during the game. The
graph shows information about the bounce of two balls used in a game. The
usual temperature of a ball during a game is 42°C.
More
bounce
KEY
Ball X
Ball Y
Less
bounce
20
25 30 35 40 45
Ball temperature (°C)
50
Which statement about the two balls is correct?
(A) Ball X has less bounce than ball Y below 37°C.
(B)
Ball X at 37°C has the same bounce as ball Y at 42°C.
(C) Ball X is the better ball to use in the game.
(D) Ball X will bounce more than ball Y at all temperatures.
–5–
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
5
A student recorded this information while watching a candle burn.
A
B
C
D
The flame is yellow.
The wick is coated with carbon.
The wax burns.
The flame gives off carbon dioxide.
Which statement is an observation?
(A) A
(B)
B
(C) C
(D) D
6
The cartoons show changing ideas about gravity.
330 BC, ATHENS Larger objects 1590, PISA
Aristotle are heavier, so
larger objects
will fall faster.
Large and
small rocks
fall at the
same rate.
1971, THE MOON Apollo
astronaut, David Scott carried
out an experiment. He dropped
a hammer and a feather from
the same height.
How about that!
They hit the surface
at the same time.
Galileo
Which of the following statements is true from the information in the cartoon?
The experiment on the Moon
(A) supports Aristotle’s observation and supports Galileo’s hypothesis.
(B)
supports Aristotle’s hypothesis and supports Galileo’s hypothesis.
(C) does not support Aristotle’s hypothesis but supports Galileo’s observation.
(D) does not support Aristotle’s observation but supports Galileo’s observation.
–6–
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
7
There is no liquid water on the surface of Mars, only solid ice in its polar ice caps.
The atmosphere has traces of water vapour, but 95% of the atmosphere is carbon
dioxide gas and 3% is nitrogen.
Which of the following statements compares the atmospheres correctly?
(A) Mars’ atmosphere has more oxygen than Earth’s atmosphere.
(B)
Mars’ atmosphere has more water than Earth’s atmosphere.
(C) Earth’s atmosphere has more carbon dioxide than Mars’ atmosphere.
(D) Earth’s atmosphere has more nitrogen than Mars’ atmosphere.
8
The diagram shows a pulley system being used to lift a heavy load.
Pulley system
Load
Two statements about this pulley system are:
Statement 1
The pulley system makes it easier to lift the load.
Statement 2
Using the pulley system, less work needs to be done.
Which of the following is correct?
Statement 1
Statement 2
(A)
True
False
(B)
False
True
(C)
True
True
(D)
False
False
–7–
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
9
Use the map to answer the following question.
SCALE
1 cm = 2 kilometres
N
KEY
Broad-leafed red ironbark, spotted gum
and white mahogany
××
×
×
×
×
×
× ××
×
×
Grey box, spotted gum, forest red gum
×
White mahogany and
brown bloodwood
White mahogany, brown bloodwood
and forest red gum
×
Trees in which koalas have been seen
According to this information, in what type of tree are koalas most likely to be
seen?
(A) Grey box
(B)
Spotted gum
(C) Forest red gum
(D) White mahogany
10
A window cleaner hangs his full water bucket on his ladder and carries both by
balancing the ladder across his shoulder.
Which part of the ladder (A, B, C or D) should be in contact with his shoulder so
that it is balanced?
A
B
–8–
C
D
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
11
The diagram shows a thin section of rock sample as seen under a microscope.
What is the actual width
of crystal R?
(A) 0.0125 cm
(B)
0.125 cm
(C) 1.25 cm
(D) 125 cm
R
Magnification × 100
12
A man and a woman had three children. Two were males and one of these had
curly hair. When adult, this curly haired male had a child (Chris) with a female
who did not have curly hair.
This information is represented in the diagram.
Which statement describes Chris?
(A) Male with curly hair
(B)
Female with curly hair
(C) Male without curly hair
(D) Female without curly hair
–9–
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
13
The table shows the amount of vitamin C remaining in orange juice stored under
different conditions over a period of time.
AMOUNT OF VITAMIN C (mg/kg)
DAY
Juice kept at room
temperature
Juice kept at 4°C
0
700
700
7
595
650
14
510
610
21
415
560
28
340
505
35
290
445
42
235
385
A manufacturer labels the use-by date on orange juice by estimating when its
vitamin C content will fall below 400 mg/kg.
Some orange juice is packaged on 1 November. It is stored at 4°C. What is its
use-by date?
(A) 21 November
(B)
30 November
(C) 10 December
(D) 20 December
14
Australian researchers, David Mills and Oi-Chu Zhang, have developed a solar
generator which converts 20% of solar energy that falls onto it into electricity. A
special surface coating collects the heat, which is used to boil water and drive a
steam turbine to generate electricity.
The energy changes in this device can be represented by the following flowchart.
Heat energy →
X
What type of energy would be in box X?
(A) Chemical energy
(B)
Kinetic energy
(C) Potential energy
(D) Solar energy
– 10 –
→ Electrical energy
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
15
The art of dunking
WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR BISCUIT?
1. Hot liquid causes
starch granules in
biscuit to swell
2. Sugar, which is holding
biscuit together, dissolves
3. Swollen starch granules
stick to each other for
a while, holding
biscuit together, then
start to crumble
A scientist predicted that the time it takes for a biscuit to crumble can be
calculated using the formula:
t =
PA
4D
where t = time to crumble (seconds)
P = % sugar
A = surface area of biscuit dunked (cm2)
D = density of biscuit (g mL–1)
The scientist tested the formula using a biscuit that contained 4% sugar, had a
total surface area of 20 cm2, and a density of 2 g mL–1.
The scientist dunked half the biscuit into a cup of tea.
If the formula is correct, how long should it take for the biscuit to crumble?
(A) 2.5 seconds
(B)
5.0 seconds
(C) 10.0 seconds
(D) 20.0 seconds
– 11 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
16
A car engine works in this way:
• As the piston moves down, fuel is drawn into the cylinder through Valve X.
• The piston then moves up, compressing the vapour.
• A spark from the spark plug ignites the vapour. The explosion pushes the
piston down.
• As the piston moves back up, it forces the gases out through Valve Y.
These four diagrams represent this process.
Valve X
Valve Y
Spark plug
Piston
P
Q
R
What is the correct order for these diagrams?
(A) PQSR
(B)
PRSQ
(C) SQPR
(D) SRPQ
– 12 –
S
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART A
17
The diagram shows some organs of the human body.
A
B
C
D
Which organ (A, B, C or D) filters wastes from the bloodstream?
18
Polystyrene foam floats on water because it is less dense than water.
The table shows the densities of six substances. The diagram shows a beaker
containing four of the six substances.
Substance
SOLIDS
Density
(g mL–1)
Cork
0.2
Magnesium
1.7
Plastic
0.9
Mercury
LIQUIDS
13.0
Oil
0.8
Water
1.0
Which TWO substances are not in the beaker?
(A) Plastic and oil
(B)
Plastic and water
(C) Magnesium and mercury
(D) Magnesium and oil
– 13 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART B
PART B
Complete your answers to Questions 19–25 on the Part B Answer Sheet.
The graph shows how the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases change
in a pond over a period of 24 hours.
5
KEY
4
oxygen
3
carbon
dioxide
2
Midnight
0000
1800
1200
Time
0600
1
0000
Amount of gas (units)
19
Midday
Midnight
At what time is there the greatest difference between the amounts of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the pond?
Use the information about the electromagnetic spectrum to answer Questions 20
and 21.
10–13
10–11
10–9
10–7
10–5
10–3
10–1
101
103
105
(metres)
Increasing wavelength
Gamma rays
Radio & TV
X-rays
Microwaves
Infra-red
UV rays
Q
20
What type of electromagnetic radiation would have a wavelength of 1 cm?
21
Which sense organ enables us to detect the electromagnetic waves at Q?
– 14 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART B
Use the cross-section to answer Questions 22 and 23.
KEY
Shale
Limestone
Sandstone
Dolerite
Granite
Contact zone
22
Which rock formed before the limestone?
23
Marble is formed from limestone under conditions of high heat and pressure.
Draw an M on the copy of the cross-section on the Part B Answer Sheet to show
where marble could be found.
Please turn over
– 15 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 1 PART B
Use the following information to answer Questions 24 and 25.
The flow diagram shows several processes occurring in most organisms.
Process G
Organism L
Organism M
Process H
Process H
Cell
P
Process J
Cell
Q
Cell
R
Process K
Organism N
24
What name is given to Process G?
25
What name is given to Process J?
End of Section 1
Go on to Section 2
– 16 –
© Board of Studies NSW 1999
CENTRE NUMBER
STUDENT NUMBER
1999
SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE
TEST
8 November
Directions for Section 2
1
Allow about 45 minutes to answer this section
2
This section has THREE parts
Part C
Questions 26 –27
Part D
Question 28
Part E
Questions 29–30
3
Complete your answers to Section 2 on the lines provided
on pages 18 to 28
4
Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the
top of this page AND at the top of pages 21 and 25
SCIENCE
SECTION 2
S14
(8 marks)
(8 marks)
(9 marks)
– 17 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART C
PART C
Question 26 (5 marks)
The diagram shows a cycle in nature.
Chemical S
Z
Z
Z
Eaten by
animals
Plants
Bacteria and
fungi
Decay of dead plants and animals
(a)
Fossil fuels
What natural cycle does this diagram represent?
.............................................................................................................................................
(b)
What is chemical S?
.............................................................................................................................................
(c)
What name is given to chemical process Z?
.............................................................................................................................................
(d)
State and explain ONE effect longterm logging will have on the
atmosphere.
You must stop
cutting down
trees!
No! We need the timber
for making things
Effect ....................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
...............................................................
Explanation .......................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
– 18 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART C
Question 27 (3 marks)
People with arthritis often have a hip replacement that allows them to move more easily.
The replacement joint is often made from high density plastic. The shaft is cemented
into the femur. The ball fits into a socket which is screwed into the hollow of the pelvic
bone.
Pelvic bone
Socket
Plastic ball
Femur
Plastic shaft
Leg
(a)
Complete the following table.
Property of plastic
Why this makes it suitable for use in a replacement joint
Strong
This joint is subjected to large forces.
(i) ............................ (ii) .........................................................................................
............................
(b)
.........................................................................................
After a hip replacement operation, patients are put on a high calcium diet.
Suggest why this is essential for the long-term success of the hip replacement.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
End of Section 2 Part C
– 19 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2
BLANK PAGE
– 20 –
© Board of Studies NSW 1999
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART D
CENTRE NUMBER
STUDENT NUMBER
PART D
• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page
• Complete your answers in this booklet
Please turn over
S15
– 21 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART D
Question 28 (8 marks)
Some students were given a large container of hot water and three identical cans,
except that one was painted white, one blue and one black.
They were asked to design and conduct an experiment to see how the colour of the
can affected the rate at which water it contained cooled down.
(a)
The table shows one student’s equipment list.
Complete the last row of the table to show the other piece of equipment needed
to collect results for the experiment and its reason for use.
(b)
Equipment
Reason for use
• Cans
• To hold hot water
• Beaker
• To measure volume of water
• Large container
• To store hot water
• Stopwatch
• To measure time
•
•
One of the pieces of equipment used in the student’s experiment should have
been replaced by a different piece.
(i)
Which piece should be replaced and what should it be replaced by?
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii)
Explain your answer.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(c)
Except for colour, the cans are identical. Name ONE other factor that would need
to be controlled in this experiment.
.............................................................................................................................................
(d)
Name the variable being tested.
.............................................................................................................................................
– 22 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART D
Question 28 (Continued)
The graph shows the results of the student’s experiment.
Temperature (°C)
(e)
White
Blue can
can
Black can
Time (minutes)
Write a conclusion for the experiment.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
The experiment was repeated using three identical black cans X, Y and Z.
Temperature (°C)
(f)
Black ca
Black can Y
Black can Z
nX
Time (minutes)
(i)
What was the aim of the experiment?
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii)
What do these results show?
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
End of Section 2 Part D
Go on to Part E
– 23 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2
BLANK PAGE
– 24 –
© Board of Studies NSW 1999
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART E
CENTRE NUMBER
STUDENT NUMBER
PART E
• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page
• Complete your answers in this booklet
Please turn over
S16
– 25 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART E
Question 29 (5 marks)
The information in the table below and the incomplete flowchart on page 27 relate to
six chemicals (A–F) found in a farm shed.
Chemical
Description
A
Fertiliser
• white solid
• dissolves in water
• reacts with sodium hydroxide
B
Snail bait
• blue solid
• dissolves in water
• reacts with sodium hydroxide
C
Methylated spirits
• clear liquid
• dissolves in water
• does not react with sodium hydroxide
Petrol
• yellowy liquid
• does not dissolve in water
• does not react with sodium hydroxide
Acid
• clear liquid
• dissolves in water
• reacts with sodium hydroxide
Washing soda
• white solid
• dissolves in water
• does not react with sodium hydroxide
D
E
F
(a)
Substance
According to the information in the table, what chemical would you use to
distinguish between methylated spirits and acid?
.............................................................................................................................................
(b)
X
What question should be asked in
on the flowchart on page 27?
.............................................................................................................................................
– 26 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART E
Question 29 (Continued)
(c)
Complete the flowchart below to identify chemicals C, D and E, by drawing and
writing appropriate information inside the space indicated on the diagram.
All chemicals
Is it
a solid?
Yes
No
Chemicals A, B, F
Chemicals C, D, E
Does it
react with sodium
hydroxide?
Does it
react with sodium
hydroxide?
Yes
No
Chemicals A, B
Chemical F
X
Yes
Chemical A
No
Chemical B
Please turn over
– 27 –
1999 SCT • SCIENCE • SECTION 2 PART E
Question 30 (4 marks)
The table and graph show some information about air pollution.
SOURCE OF POLLUTANTS
Power
stations
(%)
Road
traffic
(%)
Other
sources
(%)
Sulfur
oxides
70
2
28
Nitrogen
oxides
30
50
20
Smoke
25
25
50
Pollutants
Carbon
monoxide
(a)
Relative
survival
of lichen
in
polluted
air
Pollutants
KEY
Sulfur oxides
1
90
9
Nitrogen oxides
Smoke
Carbon
monoxide
Half of all smoke pollution comes from sources other than power stations and
road traffic. Name ONE other major source of smoke pollution.
.............................................................................................................................................
(b)
Use data from the table to complete the sector (pie) graph for the percentage of
nitrogen oxides produced by each source.
Label each sector of the graph.
(c)
Lichens are organisms that grow on rocks, trees and buildings. Very few lichens
live near power stations, but they are often found alongside roads. Suggest the
MAIN reason for this low occurrence near power stations.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
– 28 –
© Board of Studies NSW 1999