10.4 LEADING TO WAR
ELECTION OF 1856
2/3
• REPUBLICAN- JOHN C FREMONT
-MAPPED OREGON TRAIL, LED US TROOPS INTO CALIFORNIA
DURING THE WAR WITH MEXICO.
• KNOW-NOTHING (NORTHERNERS)
-ENDORSED FREMONT
• KNOW-NOTHING (SOUTHERNERS)
-FORMER PRESIDENT MILLARD FILLMORE
• DEMOCRATS- JAMES BUCHANAN
- WAS OUT OF THE COUNTRY DURING THE KANSAS NEBRASKA
ACT
• (UPSETTING NO ONE)
ELECTION OF 1856
3/3
BUCHANAN WON WITH 45% OF THE VOTE AND WON ALL OF THE SOUTH EXCEPT
MARYLAND.
FREEMONT CAME IN 2ND WITH 33%
FILLMORE CAME IN THIRD 22%
LECOMPTON CONSTITUTION
• FALL 1857 THE PROSPECTED GOVERNMENT AT
LECOMPTON APPLIED FOR ADMISSION IN THE UNION.
• FREE SOILERS (OUTNUMBERED PRO SLAVERY 10 TO 1)
SHOT DOWN THE CONSTITUTION BECAUSE IT PROTECTED
THE RIGHTS OF SLAVEHOLDERS.
• PRESIDENT BUCHANNAN MADE A DECISION TO SUPPORT
THE PRO SLAVERY CONSTITUTION BECAUSE OF HIS
SOUTHERN SUPPORT.
• SEN. DOUGLAS WANTED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY AND
HAD CONGRESS OVERRULE THE CONSTITUTION.
LINCOLN- DOUGLAS DEBATES
• THE DEBATE WAS FOR THE SENATE
• DOUGLAS (DEMOCRAT) AND LINCOLN (REPUBLIC).
• LINCOLN BROKE AWAY FROM THE WHIG PARTY AFTER THE
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
LINCOLN CHALLENGES DOUGLAS
• SEVEN OPEN-AIR DEBATES HELD THROUGHOUT ILLINOIS
• DOUGLAS SELF CONFIDENT PACING WITH FIST PUMPING
GESTURES
• LINCOLN CALM AND SIMPLE.
POSITIONS AND ARGUMENTS
• DEBATES BECAME ABOUT SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORY
• DOUGLAS- BELIEVED POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY WOULD
EVENTUALLY STOP SLAVERY.
• LINCOLN- BELIEVED SLAVERY WAS IMMORAL, BASED ON
GREED, ONLY LEGISLATION WOULD STOP SLAVERY.
FREEPORT DOCTRINE
• ABE ASKS: "COULD THE SETTLERS OF A
TERRITORY VOTE TO EXCLUDE SLAVERY BEFORE
THE TERRITORY BECAME A STATE?"
• “SLAVERY CANNOT EXIST UNLESS SUPPORTED BY
LOCAL POLICE REGULATIONS”.
• DOUGLAS’ RESPONSE BECOMES THE FREEPORT
DOCTRINE
• DOUGLAS WON THE SEAT. BUT FURTHER SPLIT
THE PARTY
HARPERS FERRY
• JOHN BROWN REEMERGES WITH 21 MEN
• BOTH BLACK AND WHITE
• THEY STORM A MILITARY ARSENAL HARPERS FERRY,
VIRGINIA
• WHERE THEY HOUSE WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION
• PRESENT DAY: WEST VIRGINIA
HARPERS FERRY
• WANTED TO ARM SLAVES ON PLANTATIONS AND FORM A SLAVE
UPRISING.
• VERY DISORGANIZED
• UNSUCCESSFUL
• 10 OF BROWNS’ MEN WERE KILLED
• BROWN WAS TAKEN INTO CUSTODY AFTER THE US MARINES LED BY
ROBERT E LEE STORMED THE ENGINE HOUSE
JOHN BROWN’S HANGING
• JOHN BROWN WAS CHARGED WITH HIGH
TREASON
• DECEMBER 2, 1859 BROWN WAS HANGED
• BROWN BECOMES A MARTYR FOR THE
CAUSE
• LINCOLN AND DOUGLAS CONDEMNED HIM
WHILE OTHERS HAD ADMIRATION FOR HIM.
• THE NORTH DENOUNCED THE SOUTH
• THE SOUTH WERE IN FEAR OF MORE
UPRISINGS LED BY WHITE ABOLITIONISTS
ELECTION OF 1860
• NORTHERN DEMOCRATS
SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS
CONSTITUTION PARTY
REPUBLICAN PARTY
STEPHEN DOUGLAS
JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE
JOHN BELL
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
4 candidates
ELECTION OF 1860 2/2
• LINCOLN WIN
• LIKE BUCHANNAN, HE RECEIVES HALF THE POPULATIONS VOTE
• NO VOTES FROM THE SOUTH
SOUTHERN SECESSION
• LINCOLN’S WIN PUSHES SOUTH CAROLINA TO SECEDE FROM THE UNION
ON DECEMBER 20, 1860.
• ON JANUARY 9, 1861 MISSISSIPPI FOLLOWED
• FLORIDA SECEDED THE NEXT DAY
• WITHIN A FEW WEEKS ALABAMA, GEORGIA, LOUISIANA, AND TEXAS ALSO
SECEDED.
THE SHAPING OF THE CONFEDERACY
• FEBRUARY 4, 1861 DELEGATES FROM THE SECEDED STATES MET IN MONTGOMERY
ALABAMA WHERE THEY FORMED THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
• ALSO KNOWN AS THE CONFEDERACY.
• ITS CONSTITUTION WAS SIMILAR TO THE UNION EXCEPT SECURING THE RIGHTS
OF SLAVERY, ALSO EACH STATE WAS SOVEREIGN AND INDEPENDENT (LIKE THEY
WERE INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES WITH AN ALLIANCE)
THE SHAPING OF THE CONFEDERACY – CONT.
• JEFFERSON DAVIS BECAME PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERACY
• ALEXANDER STEPHENS - VICE PRESIDENT.
• DAVIS STATED "THE TIME TO COMPROMISE HAS PASSED".
WHAT TO DO?
• WASHINGTON DC WAS A SOUTHERN CITY BUT STAYED WITH THE UNION
• MASS RESIGNATIONS TOOK PLACE FROM SOUTHERN OFFICIALS.
LINCOLN – STRONG PRESIDENTBORDER STATES
• LINCOLN KNEW THE IMPORTANCE OF KEEPING THE BORDER STATES
LOYAL
• DIDN’T WANT TO LOSE THE CAPITOL. ENFORCED MARTIAL LAW SO
MARYLAND WOULD NOT BE OVER RUN
• SUPPRESSED NEWSPAPERS
• ARRESTED CIVILIANS W/O TRIAL
• KNOWN AS “SUSPENDING THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS
• CHIEF JUSTICE TANEY CHALLENGED LINCOLN’S DECISION
• LINCOLN IGNORED IT
• SAVED BOTH KENTUCKY AND MISSOURI ALSO
LINCOLN – STRONG PRESIDENTBORDER STATES
• LINCOLN’S FIRST JOB WAS TO SAVE THE UNION
• DIDN’T FREE THE SLAVES UNTIL THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION ON JAN 1, 1863
• ANYONE HELD AS A SLAVE IN ANY STATE OR PART OF A STATE
WHERE THE PEOPLE WERE IN REBELLION AGAINST IT THE US SHALL
BE FREE.
• DIDN’T GO INTO EFFECT IN SOUTH UNTIL UNION TOOK OVER