Overreaching And Overtraining
Dr. Laura Forrest
Room: A437
[email protected]
Overreaching and Overtraining
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Definitions
Task 1 - causes
Task 2 - diagnosis
Limitations within the literature
Prevalence
Treatment and Prevention
Definitions
Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C.,
Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., Raglin, J.,
Rietjens, G., Steinacker, J., Urhausen,
A. (2013) Preventions, diagnosis and
treatment of the overtraining
syndrome: Joint consensus statement
of the European College of Sport
Science (ECSS) and the American
College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).
European Journal of Sport
Science¸13(1), 1-24
FOR
NFOR
OT
Task 1: With reference to the scientific literature, what are the
likely physiological and non-physiological reasons that an athlete
develops over-reaching or overtraining?
• Multi-factorial
Nutrition
Psychosocial
stressors
Illness
Training
Sleep
Environmental
Psychological
??
Task 1: With reference to the scientific literature, what are the
likely physiological and non-physiological reasons that an athlete
develops over-reaching or overtraining?
Periodization of programmes and balance between volume,
intensity, frequency and recovery in relation to external factors
FOR
Recovery strategies poor? recovery between sessions
inadequate? external factors unaccounted for?
NFOR
OT
Task 1: With reference to the scientific literature, what are the
likely physiological and non-physiological reasons that an athlete
develops over-reaching or overtraining?
Nutrition
Psychosocial
stressors
Illness
Training
Sleep
Environmental
Psychological
Illness - Immunological
• “Open window” of infection
• ↑ URTI incidence – related to vol and intensity
– After marathon, URTI risk increased by 2-6 times
(MacKinnon et al. 2000)
– Dose-response relationship with yearly running
vol (Heath et al. 1991)
• ↓ IgA
– Inverse relationship between training period and
serum/salivary IgA (Gleeson et al. 1995)
• ↓ Neutrophil function, NK cells, Th1 . . .
Smith, L. (2003).
Overtraining,
Excessive Exercise,
and Altered Immunity.
Sports Med, 33 (5),
347-364
Incidence
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~10-60% of athletes have reported OT at one stage in their sporting career (Meeusen et al.,
2013). On average, ~30% incident rate over career.
E.g. Matos et al. (2010)
– 376 English athletes (245 boys and 131 girls)
– 19 different sports
– Spanning club to international-level athletes
– 29% reported NFOR/OT at some point in career so far
Q. Have you ever experienced a significant decrement in performance that persisted for long periods of time
(i.e., weeks to months) although you kept training and you felt extremely tired everyday? Athletes were
categorized as NFOR if the episode(s) lasted from 2 wk to 6 mo and overtrained if the episode(s) lasted
for 9-6 mo?
MATOS, N. F., R. J. WINSLEY,
and C. A. WILLIAMS.
Prevalence of Nonfunctional
Overreaching/Overtraining in
Young English Athletes. Med.
Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No.
7, pp. 1287–1294, 2011.
Task 2: What tools and measures would you use to help
diagnose whether the player has overtraining syndrome? Why
have you chosen the tools/measures?
• No one diagnostic tool to confirm OTS
• Exclusion of a disease state – however may exacerbate the situation
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Performance – Exercise tests v previous data or baseline – La, Hrmax, TT
Mood state – POMS, wellbeing diaries, RestQ-sport
Immunological – IgA, Neutrophil function . . .
Endocrine responses – testosterone, cortisol
HRV??
Limitations
• Terminology
– OR ↔ OT
– Staleness, chronic fatigue, burnout,
underperformance syndrome, training stress
syndrome, failure adaptation
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Numerous studies don’t report ↓performance
Ethics – are most studies actually OT?
Need longitudinal studies
Individual Responses
Diagnosis difficult!
Treatment of OTS
• The best treatment is prevention
• Treatment can vary:
– REST – is the most important
– Reduce external stress
– Counselling/medication if required
– Good nutrition and lifestyle habits
Prevention
• Periodization – adjusting training vol, intensity
and frequency to fatigue levels and external
stresses
• Nutritional habits – energy balance required
• Managing lifestyle – exams, work:training,
staying up late, relationships . . .
• Monitoring performance/training and
psychological factors