Junior ROTC TX-20004
Midland High School
Warrior
Knowledge
book
1 August 2016
This handbook belongs to Cadet:
Warrior Knowledge Book
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Basic Knowledge .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Cadet Chain of Command ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Phonetic Alphabet ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Military Time ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
General Dress and Appearance Standards .......................................................................................................................... 7
AFJROTC Rank Insignia .................................................................................................................................................... 9
US Air Force Rank Insignia .............................................................................................................................................. 10
Air Force Core Values ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
Military Code of Conduct ................................................................................................................................................. 11
AFJROTC Creed ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
Pledge of Allegiance ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Texas State Pledge ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
Intermediate Knowledge ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Chain of Command (Current as of 1 June 2016) .............................................................................................................. 13
AFJROTC Honor Code..................................................................................................................................................... 13
AFJROTC Mission ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Air Force Mission ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
Air Force Vision ............................................................................................................................................................... 13
Birthday of the Air Force .................................................................................................................................................. 13
30 Command Drill Sequence ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Cadet Uniform Standards/Descriptions............................................................................................................................. 15
AFJROTC Awards and Decorations ................................................................................................................................. 23
Advanced Knowledge ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Flag Knowledge ................................................................................................................................................................ 24
The Constitution of the United States ............................................................................................................................... 25
Preamble ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Article. I. (Legislative Branch) ..................................................................................................................................... 25
Article. II. (Executive Branch) ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Article III. (Judicial Branch) ......................................................................................................................................... 27
Article. IV. (States) ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Article V. (Amendment) ............................................................................................................................................... 27
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Article VI. (Debts, Supremacy, Oaths) ......................................................................................................................... 27
Article VII. (Ratification) ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Constitution’s Bill of Rights ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Amendment I: (Freedom of Religion, Press, Expression) ............................................................................................ 28
Amendment II: (Right to Bear Arms) ........................................................................................................................... 28
Amendment III: (Quartering of Soldiers) ..................................................................................................................... 28
Amendment IV: (Search and Seizure) .......................................................................................................................... 28
Amendment V: (Trial and Punishment, Compensation) ............................................................................................... 28
Amendment VI: (Right to Speedy Trial, Confrontation of Witnesses) ......................................................................... 29
Amendment VII: (TRied by Jury in Civil Cases) ......................................................................................................... 29
Amendment VIII: (Cruel and Unusual Punishment) .................................................................................................... 29
Amendment IX: (Construction of Constitution) ........................................................................................................... 29
Amendment X: (Powers of the States and People) ....................................................................................................... 29
Constitution’s Additional Amendments............................................................................................................................ 29
Amendment XI: (Judicial Limits) ................................................................................................................................. 29
Amendment XII: (Choosing the President, Vice President) ......................................................................................... 29
Amendment XIII: (Slavery Abolished) ......................................................................................................................... 29
Amendment XIV: (Citizenship Rights) ........................................................................................................................ 30
Amendment XV: (Race No Bar to Vote) ...................................................................................................................... 30
Amendment XVI: (Status of INcome Tax Clarified) .................................................................................................... 30
Amendment XVII: (Senators elected by Popular Vote)................................................................................................ 30
Amendment XVIII: (Liquor Abolished) ....................................................................................................................... 30
Amendment XIX: (Women’s Suffrage) ........................................................................................................................ 30
Amendment XX: (Presidential, Congressional Terms)................................................................................................. 30
Amendment XXI: (Amendment 18 Repealed) ............................................................................................................. 30
Amendment XXII: (Presidential Term Limits) ............................................................................................................. 31
Amendment XXIII: (Presidential Vote for District of Columbia) ................................................................................ 31
Amendment XXIV: (Poll Taxes Barred) ...................................................................................................................... 31
Amendment XXV: (Presidential disability and Succession) ........................................................................................ 31
Amendment XXVI: (Voting Age Set to 18 Years) ....................................................................................................... 31
Amendment XXVII: (Limiting Changes to Congressional Pay) .................................................................................. 31
US Armed Forces Rank Structure ..................................................................................................................................... 32
AFJROTC Badges ............................................................................................................................................................ 33
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Bridge: “A Toast to the Host” ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Air Force Song .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Airman’s Creed ................................................................................................................................................................. 36
General Drill Team Knowledge ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Rifleman’s Creed (United States Marine Corps) / Rifle Knowledge ................................................................................ 37
M1903 Springfield (reference: United States Rifle Manual, Caliber .30, Model of 1903) ............................................... 38
M1 Garand (reference: TM9-1275, M1 Garand Manual) ................................................................................................. 39
Drill Questions .................................................................................................................................................................. 40
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BASIC KNOWLEDGE
CADET CHAIN OF COMMAND
1. Flight Training NCO:
2. Flight Sergeant:
3. Flight Commander:
4. Director of Operations:
5. Operations Commander:
6. Deputy Group Commander:
7. Group Commander:
8. ASI:
9. SASI:
Additional:

Support Commander:

Chaplain:

Senior Enlisted Advisor:
Drill Team:

Wingman:

Element Leader:

Flight Sergeant:

Flight Commander:
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PHONETIC ALPHABET
MILITARY TIME
A
Alpha
1 a.m.
0100
B
Bravo
2 a.m.
0200
C
Charlie
3 a.m.
0300
D
Delta
4 a.m.
0400
E
Echo
5 a.m.
0500
F
Foxtrot
6 a.m.
0600
G
Golf
7 a.m.
0700
H
Hotel
8 a.m.
0800
I
India
9 a.m.
0900
J
Juliet
10 a.m.
1000
K
Kilo
11 a.m.
1100
L
Lima
12 a.m.
1200
M
Mike
1 p.m.
1300
N
November
2 p.m.
1400
O
Oscar
3 p.m.
1500
P
Papa
4 p.m.
1600
Q
Quebec
5 p.m.
1700
R
Romeo
6 p.m.
1800
S
Sierra
7 p.m.
1900
T
Tango
8 p.m.
2000
U
Uniform
9 p.m.
2100
V
Victor
10 p.m.
2200
W
Whiskey
11 p.m.
2300
X
X-Ray
12 p.m.
2400
Y
Yankee
Z
Zulu
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GENERAL DRESS AND APPEARANCE STANDARDS
1. Standards for wearing the uniform consist of four elements.
a. Neatness
b. Cleanliness
c. Safety
d. Military image
2. Jewelry standards
a. Cadets in uniform may wear
(1) A wristwatch
(2) Rings, but no more than three at one time
(3) Cadets may also wear a wrist bracelet if it is neat and conservative. However, it must not distract from
military image, must not be wider than one inch, and must not subject anyone to potential injury. Rubber
bracelets and bands are not allowed.
b. Female cadets in uniform may wear earrings if the earrings are conservative and kept within sensible limits.
c. Male cadets in uniform may not wear earrings.
d. Eyeglasses or sunglasses
(1) Eyeglasses or sunglasses must have lenses and frames that are conservative; faddish or mirrored lenses are
prohibited. No sunglasses may be worn in formation
(2) Neither eyeglasses nor sunglasses can be worn around the neck while in uniform.
3. Tattoos or brands
a. Tattoos or brands anywhere on the body are not allowed if they are obscene or if they advocate sexual, racial, ethnic,
or religious discrimination.
b. Excessive tattoos or brands will not be exposed or visible while in uniform.
4. Body piercing and other attachments to body parts
a. Cadets in uniform are not allowed to attach or display objects, articles, jewelry, or ornamentation to or through the
ear, nose, tongue, or any exposed body part (including anything that might be visible through the uniform).
b. Female cadets in uniform, however, are allowed to wear conservative earrings, pierced or clip style, in their earlobes.
5. Specific female cadet guidelines
a. Hair should be no longer than the bottom of the collar edge at the back of the neck.
b. Hairstyle must be conservative.
c. Hairstyle should look professional and allow you to wear uniform headgear in the proper manner.
d. Hair must not be too full or high on the head. Pins, combs, barrettes, and similar items must be plain.
6. Specific male cadet guidelines
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a. Hair must be kept clean, neat, and trimmed. It must not contain large amounts of grooming aids that remain visible
in the hair.
b. Hair should not touch the ears or eyebrows. Only the closely cut or shaved hair on the back of the neck should touch
the collar.
c. Hair should not exceed 1¼ inches in bulk regardless of the length. Bulk is the distance that the hair projects from the
scalp when groomed (as opposed to length of hair).
d. Bulk and length of hair must not interfere with wearing any Air Force headgear properly. Hair must not protrude
below the front band of the headgear.
e. Hair must have a tapered appearance on both sides and back, both with and without headgear. Hair may not contain
or have attached to it any visible foreign items.
f. Sideburns must be straight and of even width and end in a clean-shaven horizontal line; they may not extend below
the lowest part of the outer ear opening.
g. Must not have extreme or faddish styles or colors
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AFJROTC RANK INSIGNIA
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US AIR FORCE RANK INSIGNIA
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AIR FORCE CORE VALUES

Integrity First

Service Before Self

Excellence in All We Do
AFJROTC CREED
I am an Air Force Junior ROTC Cadet.
I am connected and faithful to every Corps of Cadets who
served their community and nation with Patriotism.
MILITARY CODE OF CONDUCT
I earn respect when I uphold the Core Values of Integrity
I. I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard
my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my
life in their defense.
First, Service Before Self, and Excellence In All We Do.
II. I will never surrender of my own free will. If in
command, I will never surrender the members of my
command while they still have the means to resist.
school, Corps of Cadets, community and to myself.
I will always conduct myself to bring credit to my family,
My character defines me. I will not lie, cheat, or steal. I
III. If I am captured I will continue to resist by all means
available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others
to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors
from the enemy.
IV. If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with
my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take
part in any action which might be harmful to my
comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I
will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me
and will back them up in every way.
V. When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war,
I am required to give name, rank, service number and date
of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the
utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written
statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful
to their cause
am accountable for my actions and deeds. I will hold
others accountable for their actions as well.
I will honor those I serve with, those who have gone
before me, and those who will come after me.
I am a Patriot, a Leader, and a Wingman devoted to those
I follow, serve, and lead.
I am an Air Force Junior ROTC Cadet.
VI. I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for
freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the
principles which made my country free. I will trust in my
God and in the United States of America.
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TEXAS STATE PLEDGE
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
According to the United States Flag Code, the Pledge of
The pledge of allegiance to the state flag is as follows:
Allegiance reads:
Honor the Texas flag;
I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of
I pledge allegiance to thee,
America,
Texas,
and to the Republic for which it stands,
one state under God,
one Nation under God,
one and indivisible.
indivisible,
with liberty and justice for all.
The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States is an
expression of loyalty to the federal flag and the republic
of the United States of America, originally composed by
Francis Bellamy in 1892 and formally adopted by
The pledge was instituted by the Texas Legislature in
1933, and originally referred to the "Texas flag of 1836"
(which was the Burnet Flag, and not the Lone Star Flag
then in use).
Congress as the pledge in 1942.
In 1965, the error was corrected by deleting the words "of
The Pledge has been modified four times since its
1836".
composition.
In 2007, the phrase "one state under God" was added.
According to the Flag Code, the Pledge "should be
rendered by standing at attention facing the flag with the
right hand over the heart.
The addition of "under God" has been challenged in court,
though an injunction was denied.
Members of the Armed Forces and veterans who are
present and not in uniform may render the military salute.
Persons in uniform should remain silent, face the flag, and
render the military salute.
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INTERMEDIATE KNOWLEDGE
CHAIN OF COMMAND (CURRENT AS OF 1 JUNE 2016)
1. Air Force Junior ROTC Director: Colonel Bobby C. Woods, Jr.
2. Vice Commander, HOLM Center: Colonel Patricia D. Hoffman
3. Commander, HOLM Center: Brigadier General Paul H. Guemmer
4. Air University Commander: Lieutenant General Steven L. Kwast
5. Air Education and Training Command Commander: Lieutenant General Darryl L. Roberson
6. Asst. Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force: Lieutenant General John W. Hesterman III
7. Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force: General David L. Goldfein
8. Chief of Staff of the Air Force: General Mark A Welsh III
9. Secretary of the Air Force: Ms. Deborah Lee James
10. Deputy Secretary of Defense: Robert O. Work
11. Secretary of Defense: Mr. Ash Carter
12. President of the United States (Commander-in-Chief): The Honorable Barack H. Obama
Additional:

CMSgt of the Air Force: Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force James A. Cody
AFJROTC HONOR CODE
“We will not lie, steal, or cheat; nor tolerate among us anyone who does.”
AFJROTC MISSION
“Develop citizens of character dedicated to serving their nation and community.”
AIR FORCE MISSION
“To fly, fight and win in air, space, and cyberspace.”
AIR FORCE VISION
Global Vigilance, Reach, and Power
BIRTHDAY OF THE AIR FORCE
18 September 1947
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30 COMMAND DRILL SEQUENCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Flight, fall in
Open ranks, MARCH
Ready front
Close ranks, MARCH
Present arms
Order arms
Parade rest
Flight, Attention
Left face
About face
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Forward, MARCH
Right flank, MARCH
Left flank, MARCH
Column right, MARCH
Forward, MARCH
To the rear, MARCH
To the rear, MARCH
Column right, MARCH
Forward, MARCH
Eyes right
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Ready front
Column right, MARCH
Forward, MARCH
Change step, MARCH
Column right, MARCH
Forward, MARCH
Flight, HALT
Left face
Right step, MARCH
Flight, HALT
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CADET UNIFORM STANDARDS/DESCRIPTIONS
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CADET AIRMAN BATTLE UNIFORM (ABU)
1.
Unit patch worn on right pocket and centered.
2.
Tapes grounded and centered on pockets.
3.
Grade insignia (officer or enlisted) is worn on both left and right collars, centered on collar and parallel with bottom of collar.
Airman Basic has no collar insignia.
4.
AFJROTC patch worn on left pocket and centered.
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AFJROTC AWARDS AND DECORATIONS
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ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE
FLAG KNOWLEDGE
1. Number of Stars: 50 representing the 50 states
2. Number of Stripes: 13 representing the 13 original colonies
3. Blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice and friendship
4. Red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency
5. White denotes purity and rectitude of conduct
6. Nickname – Old Glory
7. The US Flag should be saluted when the National Anthem or To the Colors is played and you are outdoors and not
in formation. If indoors, assume the position of attention but do not salute.
8. A hand salute should be rendered when the Pledge of Allegiance is recited and you are outdoors not in formation.
If indoors assume the position of attention but do not salute.
9. The flag should never touch anything beneath it.
10. A flag being flown from a staff should be displayed with the union at the top at the flags own right (the viewer’s
left).
11. A flag may be flown upside down to signal emergency or distress.
12. Only the President of the United States may direct the flag to be flown at half-staff. The governor of a state may
direct the flag to half-staff for his/her state.\
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THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
(Explanations reference http://www.usconstitution.net/)
PREAMBLE
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for
the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
ARTICLE. I. (LEGISLATIVE BRANCH)
Section 1. (The Legislature). Section 1 establishes the name of the Legislature to be The Congress, a bicameral, or two-part, body.
Section 2. (The House). Section 2 defines the House of Representatives, known as the lower house of Congress. It establishes a few
minimum requirements, like a 25-year-old age limit, and establishes that the people themselves will elect the members for two years
each. The members of the House are divided among the states proportionally, or according to size, giving more populous states more
representatives in the House. The leader of the House is the Speaker of the House, chosen by the members. Additional Notes:




Must be at least 7 years a citizen, and inhabitant of state
Population census taken every 10 years; one representative for each 30,000
Representative vacancies filled by executive authority
Have power of impeachment
Section 3. (The Senate). Section 3 defines the upper house of Congress, the Senate. Again, it establishes some minimum requirements,
such as a 30-year-old age limit. Senators were originally appointed by the legislatures of the individual states, though this later changed.
They serve for six years each. Each state has equal suffrage in the Senate, meaning that each state has the exact same number of Senators,
two each, regardless of the population. This Section introduces the Vice-President, who is the leader of the Senate (called the President
of the Senate); the Vice-President does not vote unless there is a tie. Additional Notes:






Divided into 3 classes; 1/3 elected every two years
Vacancies filled by executive by temporary appointment until next meeting of legislature which will then fill vacancy
Must be at least 9 years a citizen, and inhabitant of state
Choose President Pro Tempore in absence of Vice President and other officers
Senate shall have sole power of impeachment trial; when President is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; no member will be
convicted without 2/3 concurrence of present members
Impeachment punishments will only be for removal from office and disqualification to hold any other office; convicted party
may be liable and subject to indictment and judgment according to law
Section 4. (Elections, Meetings). Section 4 says that each state may establish its own methods for electing members of the Congress,
and mandates, or requires, that Congress must meet at least once per year. Additional Notes:

Congress will assemble at least once every year on first Monday of December unless different day appointed
Section 5. (Membership, Rules, Journals, Adjournment). Section 5 says that Congress must have a minimum number of members
present in order to meet, and that it may set fines for members who do not show up. It says that members may be expelled, that each
house must keep a journal to record proceedings and votes, and that neither house can adjourn without the permission of the other.
Additional Notes:




House & Senate judges its own elections, results, and qualifications
House & Senate determines its own rules, punishments, and may expel a member with 2/3 concurrence
House & Senate keeps a journal, and individual votes will be entered on the journal with 1/5 concurrence
Neither house shall adjourn for more than 3 days without consent of the other house or to any other place
Section 6. (Compensation). Section 6 establishes that members of Congress will be paid, that they cannot be detained while traveling
to and from Congress, that they cannot hold any other office in the government while in the Congress. Additional Notes:

Congressional members will not be arrested or questioned for any speech or debate
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Section 7. (Revenue Bills, Legislative Process, Presidential Veto). Section 7 details how bills become law. First, any bill for raising
money (such as by taxes or fees) must start out in the House. All bills must pass both houses of Congress in the exact same form. Bills
that pass both houses are sent to the President. He can either sign the bill, in which case it becomes law, or he can veto it. In the case of
a veto, the bill is sent back to Congress, and if both houses pass it by a two-thirds majority, the bill becomes law over the President's
veto. This is known as overriding a veto. Additional Notes:

There are a couple more options for the President.
o First, if he neither vetoes a bill nor signs it, it becomes a law without his signature after 10 days.
o The second option is called a pocket veto. It occurs if Congress sends the bill to the President and they then adjourn.
If the President does not sign the bill within 10 days, it does not become law.
Section 8. (Powers of Congress). Section 8 lists specific powers of Congress, including the power to establish and maintain an army
and navy, to establish post offices, to create courts, to regulate commerce between the states, to declare war, and to raise money. It also
includes a clause known as the Elastic Clause which allows it to pass any law necessary for the carrying out of the previously listed
powers. Additional Notes:




Provide punishment for counterfeiting securities and coin of US
Promote progress of science and arts by granting exclusive rights to writings and discoveries (copyrights and patents)
Define/punish piracies and felonies
Exercise control of Washington D.C.
Section 9. (Limits on Congress). Section 9 places certain limits on Congress. Certain legal items, such as suspension of habeas corpus,
bills of attainder, and ex post facto laws are prohibited. No law can give preference to one state over another; no money can be taken
from the treasury except by duly passed law, and no title of nobility, such as Prince or Marquis, will ever be established by the
government.
Section 10. (Powers Prohibited of States). Section 10, finally, prohibits the states from several things. They cannot make their own
money, or declare war, or do most of the other things prohibited Congress in Section 9. They cannot tax goods from other states, nor
can they have navies.
ARTICLE. II. (EXECUTIVE BRANCH)
Section 1. (The President). Section 1 establishes the office of the President and the Vice-President, and sets their terms to be four
years. Presidents are elected by the Electoral College, whereby each state has one vote for each member of Congress. Originally, the
President was the person with the most votes and the Vice-President was the person with the second most, though this is later changed.
Certain minimum requirements are established again, such as a 35-year minimum age. Presidents must also be a natural-born citizen of
the United States. The President is to be paid a salary, which cannot change, up or down, as long as he in is office. Additional Notes:




No Person except a fourteen years a resident within the United States.
In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties
of the office, the Vice President must follow the same critieria
Congress may by Law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice President,
declaring which one shall then act as President, and that officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a
President shall be elected.
Before the President can begin his Execution of his Office, shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear
(or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve,
protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Section 2. (Civilian Power Over Military, Cabinet, Pardon Power, Appointments). Section 2 gives the President some important
powers. He is commander-in-chief of the armed forces and of the militia (National Guard) of all the states; he has a Cabinet to aid him,
and can pardon criminals. He makes treaties with other nations, and picks many of the judges and other members of the government (all
with the approval of the Senate). Additional Notes:


Shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of Impeachment.
Shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall
expire at the end of their next Session.
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Section 3. (State of the Union, Convening Congress). Section 3 establishes the duties of the President: to give a state of the union
address, to make suggestions to Congress, to act as head of state by receiving ambassadors and other heads of state, and to be sure the
laws of the United States are carried out. Additional Notes:


May, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with
Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper;
Shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.
Section 4. (Disqualification). Section 4 briefly discusses the removal of the President, called impeachment. Additional Notes:

Removed from office on Impeachment for, and conviction of: Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
ARTICLE III. (JUDICIAL BRANCH)
Section 1. (Judicial Powers). Section 1 establishes the Supreme Court, the highest court in the United States. It also sets the terms of
judges, of both the Supreme Court and lower courts: that they serve as long as they are on "good behavior," which usually means for
life (no Justice and only a few judges have ever been impeached). It also requires that judges shall be paid.
Section 2. (Trial by Jury, Original Jurisdiction, Jury Trials). Section 2 sets the kinds of cases that may be heard by the federal
judiciary, which cases the Supreme Court may hear first (called original jurisdiction), and that all other cases heard by the Supreme
Court are by appeal. It also guarantees trial by jury in criminal court. Additional Notes:

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of Impeachment, shall be by jury
Section 3. (Treason). Section 3 defines, without any question, what the crime of treason is.
ARTICLE. IV. (STATES)
Section 1. (Each State to Honor all Others). Section 1 mandates that all states will honor the laws of all other states; this ensures, for
example, that a couple married in Florida is also considered married by Arizona, or that someone convicted of a crime in Virginia is
considered guilty by Wyoming.
Section 2. (State Citizens, Extradition). Section 2 guarantees that citizens of one state be treated equally and fairly like all citizens of
another. It also says that if a person accused of a crime in one state flees to another, they will be returned to the state they fled from.
This section also has a clause dealing with fugitive slaves that no longer applies.
Section 3. (New States). Section 3 concerns the admittance of new states and the control of federal lands. Additional Notes:

No new State shall be formed or erected within any other State; nor can any State be formed by the combining two or more
States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
Section 4. (Republican Government). Section 4 ensures a republican form of government (which, in this case, is synonymous with
"representative democracy," and both of which are opposed to a monarchical or aristocratic scheme - the state derives its power from
the people, not from a king or gentry) and guarantees that the federal government will protect the states against invasion and insurrection.
ARTICLE V. (AMENDMENT)
Article 5 details the method of amending, or changing, the Constitution. Additional Notes:


Congress will propose Amendments:
o Passed by 2/3 of House and Senate
o Passed by 3/4 of State Legislatures
2/3 of State Legislatures can call convention to propose Amendments
ARTICLE VI. (DEBTS, SUPREMACY, OATHS)
Article 6 concerns the United States itself. First, it guarantees that the United States under the Constitution would assume all debts and
contracts entered into by the United States under the Articles of Confederation. It sets the Constitution and all laws and treaties of the
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United States to be the supreme law of the country. Finally, it requires all officers of the United States and of the states to swear an oath
of allegiance to the United States and the Constitution when taking office. Additional Notes:

Oath or Affirmation required to support Constitution but without a religious test as a qualification
ARTICLE VII. (RATIFICATION)
Article 7 details the method for ratification, or acceptance, of the Constitution: of the original 13 states in the United States, nine had to
accept the Constitution before it would officially go into effect.
CONSTITUTION’S BILL OF RIGHTS
The first ten amendments to the Constitution were all adopted at the same time and are collectively known as the Bill of Rights.
AMENDMENT I: (FREEDOM OF RELIGION, PRESS, EXPRESSION)
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom
of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
The 1st Amendment protects the people's right to practice religion, to speak freely, to assemble (meet), to address (petition) the
government, and of the press to publish.
AMENDMENT II: (RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS)
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be
infringed. The 2nd Amendment protects the right to own guns. There is debate whether this is a right that protects the state, or a right
that protects individuals.
AMENDMENT III: (QUARTERING OF SOLDIERS)
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to
be prescribed by law. The 3rd Amendment guarantees that the army cannot force homeowners to give them room and board.
AMENDMENT IV: (SEARCH AND SEIZURE)
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not
be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the
place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. The 4th Amendment protects the people from the government improperly
taking property, papers, or people, without a valid warrant based on probable cause (good reason).
AMENDMENT V: (TRIAL AND PUNISHMENT, COMPENSATION)
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury,
except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall
any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be
a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken
for public use, without just compensation. The 5th Amendment protects people from being held for committing a crime unless they are
properly indicted, that they may not be tried twice for the same crime, that you need not be forced to testify against yourself, and from
property being taken without just compensation. It also contains due process guarantees.
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AMENDMENT VI: (RIGHT TO SPEEDY TRIAL, CONFRONTATION OF WITNESSES)
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses
in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. The 6th Amendment guarantees a speedy trial, an impartial jury,
that the accused can confront witnesses against them, and that the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer.
AMENDMENT VII: (TRIED BY JURY IN CIVIL CASES)
In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no
fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
The 7th Amendment guarantees a jury trial in federal civil court cases. This type of case is normally no longer heard in federal court.
AMENDMENT VIII: (CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT)
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. The 8th Amendment
guarantees that punishments will be fair, and not cruel, and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set.
AMENDMENT IX: (CONSTRUCTION OF CONSTITUTION)
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. The
9th Amendment is simply a statement that other rights aside from those listed may exist, and just because they are not listed doesn't
mean they can be violated.
AMENDMENT X: (POWERS OF THE STATES AND PEOPLE)
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people. The 10th Amendment is the subject of some debate, but essentially it states that any power not granted
to the federal government belongs to the states or to the people.
CONSTITUTION’S ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS
AMENDMENT XI: (JUDICIAL LIMITS)
Article III, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 11. The 11th Amendment more clearly defines the original
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court concerning a suit brought against a state by a citizen of another state.
AMENDMENT XII: (CHOOSING THE PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT)
A portion of Article II, section 1 of the Constitution was superseded by the 12th amendment. The 12th Amendment redefines how the
President and Vice-President are chosen by the Electoral College, making the two positions cooperative, rather than first and second
highest vote-getters. It also ensures that anyone who becomes Vice-President must be eligible to become President.
AMENDMENT XIII: (SLAVERY ABOLISHED)
A portion of Article IV, section 2, of the Constitution was superseded by the 13th amendment. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery
in the entire United States.
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AMENDMENT XIV: (CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS)
Note: Article I, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by section 2 of the 14th amendment. The 14th Amendment ensured that all
citizens of all states enjoyed not only rights on the federal level, but on the state level, too. It removed the three-fifths counting of slaves
in the census. It ensured that the United States would not pay the debts of rebellious states. It also had several measures designed to
ensure the loyalty of legislators who participated on the Confederate side of the Civil War.
AMENDMENT XV: (RACE NO BAR TO VOTE)
The 15th Amendment ensures that race cannot be used as a criteria for voting. Additional Notes:

Right to vote shall not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition as slave.
AMENDMENT XVI: (STATUS OF INCOME TAX CLARIFIED)
Note: Article I, section 9, of the Constitution was modified by amendment 16. The 16th Amendment authorizes the United States to
collect income tax without regard to the population of the states.
AMENDMENT XVII: (SENATORS ELECTED BY POPULAR VOTE)
Note: Article I, section 3, of the Constitution was modified by the 17th amendment. The 17th Amendment shifted the choosing of
Senators from the state legislatures to the people of the states. Additional Notes:

Vacancies will be temporarily filled by governor until elections take place.
AMENDMENT XVIII: (LIQUOR ABOLISHED)
The 18th Amendment abolished the sale or manufacture of alcohol in the United States. This amendment was later repealed by 21st
Amendment.
AMENDMENT XIX: (WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE)
The 19th Amendment ensures that gender cannot be used as a criteria for voting.
AMENDMENT XX: (PRESIDENTIAL, CONGRESSIONAL TERMS)
Note: Article I, section 4, of the Constitution was modified by section 2 of this amendment. In addition, a portion of the 12th amendment
was superseded by section 3. The 20th Amendment set new start dates for the terms of the Congress and the President, and clarifies
how the deaths of Presidents before swearing-in would be handled. Additional Notes:




President/Vice President terms end at 12:00 pm on 20 January.
Senators/Representatives terms end at 12:00 pm on 3 January.
Congress will assemble at least once a year, beginning at 12:00 pm on 3 January unless establishing a different day.
If President dies before taking office, Vice President will become president. If no one qualifies for President or Vice President,
House of Representatives chooses President and Senate chooses Vice President.
AMENDMENT XXI: (AMENDMENT 18 REPEALED)
The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment.
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AMENDMENT XXII: (PRESIDENTIAL TERM LIMITS)
The 22nd Amendment set a limit on the number of times a President could be elected - two four-year terms. It has one exception for a
Vice-President who assumes the Presidency after the death or removal of the President, establishing the maximum term of any President
to 10 years.
AMENDMENT XXIII: (PRESIDENTIAL VOTE FOR DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA)
The 23rd Amendment grants the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.) the right to three electors in Presidential elections.
AMENDMENT XXIV: (POLL TAXES BARRED)
The 24th Amendment ensured that no tax could be charged to vote for any federal office.
AMENDMENT XXV: (PRESIDENTIAL DISABILITY AND SUCCESSION)
Note: Article II, section 1, of the Constitution was affected by the 25th amendment. The 25th Amendment clarifies even further the line
of succession to the Presidency, and establishes rules for a President who becomes unable to perform his duties while in office.
Additional Notes:


President can temporarily step down by written letter to President Pro Tempore and Speaker of the House of Representatives
until another letter is written by the President reinstating him/herself.
If VP and majority of principal officers of executive departments transmit to President Pro Tempore and Speaker of the House
of Representatives that the President is unable to fulfill duties, the VP will immediately assume office of President; if President
by letter that no such disability exists, the President shall resume the office the VP and majority of principal officers of executive
departments disagree; if disagreement exists, Congress shall assemble within 48 hours and decide within 21 days by 2/3 vote
of both houses; otherwise, the President shall resume office
AMENDMENT XXVI: (VOTING AGE SET TO 18 YEARS)
Note: Amendment 14, section 2, of the Constitution was modified by section 1 of the 26th amendment. The 26th Amendment ensures
that any person 18 or over may vote.
AMENDMENT XXVII: (LIMITING CHANGES TO CONGRESSIONAL PAY)
The 27th Amendment requires that any law that increased the pay of legislators may not take effect until after an election No law
changing the salaries of Congress shall take effect until after an election.
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US ARMED FORCES RANK STRUCTURE
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AFJROTC BADGES
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BRIDGE: “A TOAST TO THE HOST”
Here’s a toast to the host
Of those who love the vastness of the sky,
To a friend we send a message of his brother men who fly.
We drink to those who gave their all of old,
Then down we roar to score the rainbow’s pot of gold.
A toast to the host of men we boast, the US Air Force!
Zoom!
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AIR FORCE SONG
Off we go into the wild blue yonder,
Climbing high into the sun;
Here they come zooming to meet our thunder,
At ‘em boys, Give ‘er the gun! (Give ‘er the gun now!)
Down we dive sprouting our flame from under,
Off with one helluva roar!
We live in fame or down in flame. Hey!
Nothing’ll stop the US Air Force!
Minds of men fashioned a crate of thunder,
Sent in high into the flue;
Hands of men blasted the world asunder;
How they lived God only knew! (God only knew then!)
Souls of men dreaming of skies to conquer,
Gave us wings ever to soar!
With scouts before and bombers galore. Hey!
Nothing’ll stop the US Air Force!
Off we go into the wild sky yonder,
Keep the wings level and true;
If you’d live to be a grey-haired wonder,
Keep the nose out of the blue! (Out of the blue, boy!)
Flying men, guarding the nation’s border,
We’ll be there, followed by more!
In echelon, we carry on. Hey!
Nothing’ll stop the US Air Force!
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AIRMAN’S CREED
I am an American Airman.
I am a Warrior.
I have answered my nation’s call.
I am an American Airman.
My mission is to fly, fight, and win.
I am faithful to a proud heritage,
A tradition of honor,
And a legacy of valor.
I am an American Airman.
Guardian of freedom and justice,
My nation’s sword and shield,
It’s sentry and avenger.
I defend my country with my life.
I am an American Airman.
Wingman, Leader, Warrior.
I will never leave an Airman behind.
I will never falter,
AND I WILL NOT FAIL.
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GENERAL DRILL TEAM KNOWLEDGE
RIFLEMAN’S CREED (UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS) / RIFLE KNOWLEDGE
The Rifleman's Creed (also known as My Rifle and The Creed of the United States Marine):
This is my rifle.
My rifle is human, even as I, because it is my life.
There are many like it, but this one is mine.
Thus, I will learn it as a brother.
My rifle is my best friend.
I will learn its weakness, its strength, its parts, its
It is my life.
accessories, its sights and its barrel.
I must master it as I master my life.
I will keep my rifle clean and ready, even as I am clean
and ready.
My rifle, without me, is useless.
We will become part of each other. We will...
Without my rifle, I am useless.
I must fire my rifle true.
Before God I swear this creed.
I must shoot straighter than any enemy who is trying to
My rifle and myself are the defenders of my country.
kill me.
We are the masters of our enemy.
I must shoot him before he shoots me. I will....
We are the saviors of my life.
So be it, until victory is America's and there is no enemy,
My rifle and myself know that what counts in this war is
but Peace.
not the rounds we fire, the noise of our burst, nor the
smoke we make.
We know that it is the hits that count. We will hit...
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M1903 SPRINGFIELD (REFERENCE: UNITED STATES RIFLE MANUAL, CALIBER .30,
MODEL OF 1903)
“Sir/Ma’am, this rifle is a Daisy Drill Rifle, a replica of a United States issued, M1903 A3 Springfield, 30-ought-6 caliber,
breech-loading, bolt operated, air-cooled, shoulder fired weapon. Sir/Ma’am.”
(Note: In the response concerning the rifle characteristics, begin and end with “Sir/Ma’am”)
…the length of the rifle is 43.2 inches.
…the length of the rifle with the 1905 bayonet attached is 63.2 inches.
…the weight of the rifle is 8.69 pounds.
…the weight of the rifle with a bayonet attached is 9.69 pounds.
…the barrel length is 23.79 inches.
…the sight radius, the distance from the front sight to the rear sight, is 22.12 inches.
…the Garand rifle was invented by Erskine Allen and used primarily in World War One and World War Two.
(Note: In the response concerning the rifle, begin with “Sir/Ma’am, if this rifle was operational…” End with “Sir/Ma’am”)
…the maximum rate of fire would be 20 to 25 rounds per minute.
…the maximum range would be 4891.6 yards.
…the clip capacity would be 5 rounds.
…the muzzle velocity would be 2,700 feet per second.
…the minimum trigger pull would be 3 pounds
…the maximum trigger pull would be 4.5 pounds.
…the approximate normal chamber pressure would be 51,000 pounds per square inch.
…the number of grooves in the rifle would be 4.
…the twist ratio would be an uniform, right hand twist with one turn in 10 inches.
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M1 GARAND (REFERENCE: TM9-1275, M1 GARAND MANUAL)
“Sir/Ma’am, this rifle is a Drill Rifle replica of a United States issued, M1 Garand, 30 caliber, clip-fed, gas operated, aircooled, semi-automatic, shoulder fired weapon. Sir/Ma’am.”
(Note: In the response concerning the rifle characteristics, begin and end with “Sir/Ma’am”)
…the length of the rifle is 43.6 inches.
…the length of the rifle with a bayonet attached is 53.4 inches.
…the weight of the rifle is 9.5 pounds.
…the weight of the rifle with a bayonet attached and M1907 sling is 11.2 pounds.
…the barrel length is 24 inches.
…the sight radius, the distance from the front sight to the rear sight, is 27.9 inches.
…the Garand rifle was invented by John C. Garand and used primarily in World War Two and the Korean War.
(Note: In the response concerning the rifle, begin with “Sir/Ma’am, if this rifle was operational…” End with “Sir/Ma’am”)
…the maximum range would be 3,450 yards.
…the minimum trigger pull would be 5.5 pounds
…the maximum trigger pull would be 7.5 pounds.
…the approximate normal chamber pressure would be 50,000 pounds per square inch.
…the number of grooves in the rifle would be 4.
…the twist ratio would be an uniform, right hand twist with one turn in 10 inches.
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DRILL QUESTIONS
1. Why did you join JROTC?
 PERSONAL ANSWER
2. Which Air Force Core Value is your favorite, and why?
 PERSONAL ANSWER
3. What do you want to do after high school?
 PERSONAL ANSWER
4. How many years have you been in JROTC?
 PERSONAL ANSWER
5. Who is your element leader?
 PERSONAL ANSWER
6. Who is the last person in your element?
 PERSONAL ANSWER
7. Who is your drill flight commander?
 PERSONAL ANSWER
8. What are the Air Force Core Values?
 Integrity First, Service Before Self, Excellence in All We Do
9. What is the significance of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina?
 A town that became famous after the Wright Brothers made the first controlled powered airplane flights at the
Kill Devil Hills, four miles south of the town on 17th of December, 1903.
10. What is the capital of your state?
 Austin
11. Who is the governor of your state?
 Greg Abbott
12. What are the three branches of the federal government and what is the purpose of each?
 Legislative Branch creates laws for the United States.
 Executive Branch enforces the laws passed by Congress.
 Judicial Branch interprets the laws passed by Congress.
13. What was the first state admitted to the Union?
 Delaware on 7 December 1787.
14. If the president and vice president died, who would be president?
 Speaker of the House of Representatives
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15. Name three living presidents.
 James E. Carter Jr., 39th President
 George H.W. Bush, 41st President
 William Clinton, 42nd President
 George W. Bush, 43rd President
 Barack H. Obama, 44th President
16. Define Leadership.
 Art of influencing and directing people to accomplish the mission.
17. Define Integrity.
 Integrity is a character trait. It is the willingness to do what is right even when no one is looking. It is the
“moral compass”—the inner voice; the voice of self–control; the basis for the trust imperative in today’s
military.
18. Define Dress.
 Alignment of elements side by side or in line maintaining proper interval.
19. Define Cover.
 Individuals aligning themselves directly behind the person to their immediate front while maintaining
proper distance.
20. Define Interval.
 The space between individuals placed side by side. A normal interval is an arm’s length. A close
interval is 4 inches.
21. Define Distance.
 The space from front to rear between units. The distance between individuals in formation is 40 inches
as measured from their chests to the backs of individuals directly in front of them. Flight commanders,
guides, and others whose positions in formation are 40 inches from a rank are themselves considered
a rank.
22. Define Base.
 The element on which a movement is planned, regulated, or aligned.
23. Define File
 A single column of persons placed one behind the other.
24. Define Element.
 The basic formation; that is, the smallest drill unit comprised of at least 3, but usually 8 to 12
individuals, one of whom is designated the element leader.
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25. Who is your SASI?
 Major Speir
26. Who is your ASI?
 Master Sergeant Chick
27. Who is your flight commander?
 As Appropriate
28. Who is your flight sergeant?
 As Appropriate
29. Who is your element leader?
 As Appropriate
30. What rank am I?
 As Appropriate, depends on inspecting official
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