Lecture Notes – Eastern Europe/Yugoslavia
Name: __________________________________
Eastern European “satellite countries” controlled by the USSR (Soviet Union)
Satellite countries are nations ______________ by another country.
Albania
Poland
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Romania
Bulgaria
__________
Croatia
Montenegro
Czech Republic
Serbia
Hungary
Macedonia
Serbia
_____________
History
 Location of Eastern Europe created a ______________crossroads of many different _______________.
 100 AD controlled by Ancient ________(Catholic) followed by the Byzantine Empire (Orthodox
Christian).
 1300s controlled by the ____________ Empire (Muslim).
 Control by foreign rule made cultures change and new ethnic groups emerge who fiercely guard their
identities.
Ethnicity definition? What two factors need to be in common? ______________________________
Nationalism: Devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation or _____________ group.
 1900s the regions started to declare independence; countries contained mixed ethnicities.
 After WWII the Soviet Union set up satellite nations who were controlled by the USSR for 40 years.
o Ethnicities united under a common ___________ _______________
 1980s Gorbachev began to give new freedoms and ethnicities started to recognize their differences.
o Post-Soviet control, 1991, more independence was desired by ethnic groups.
Former Yugoslavia
 Major conflict with the area is that ________________want control of the ______________and the
reasons go back centuries.
 Slavs (original ethnic group) migrated in the 500s from Russia and Poland and called themselves the
______________Slavs.
o Slavs spread out and created different kingdoms which started differences in culture  started to
change ___________________.
 Foreign intervention created _________________between the South Slavs.
o Example  Serbs stayed Christian, and Bosnians converted to Islam created differences within
the Slavs.
Slavs Unite
 1918  the different regions united to form one country, ________________ or “Land of the South
Slavs,” but not all those South Slavs got along anymore…
 1946, new Yugoslavia constitution set up 6 republics (_______________).
o Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.
 ______________ became a self-governing province (territory).
Adapted from Lindsey Barnes – Lecture, Yugoslavia
Lecture Notes – Eastern Europe/Yugoslavia
Name: __________________________________
President Tito and the satellite state of Yugoslavia
 From 1945-1980, President ______________controlled Yugoslavia under the direction of the USSR.
 Considered an authoritarian leader, BUT he kept the ethnicities united and ________ within the region.
 Yugoslavia experienced relative economic _______________during his time.
 After death Yugoslavia goes into chaos and ethnicities become fiercely ______________ and want
independence from Yugoslavia.
Independence breaks out
 New Yugoslavian president, Slobodan ______________of the Serbian Republic, took over as president
of Yugoslavia after Tito’s death.
o His interest was for his Serbian people, NOT all Yugoslavians.
 1991  4 of the 6 republics voted to become ______________countries and Serbia objected.
 1991  Slovenia quickly gained independence because they didn’t have many Serbs living within their
region.
 Serbian _____________ sent in to stop the other republics from getting independence.
 Croatia and Bosnia were ethnically mixed and had a large number of _____________.
 To protect Serbia, Milosevic proposed the creation of a “_________________” which would expand the
borders of that republic to include all the areas that had Serbian populations.
 Alarmed, the Croats and Bosnians declared ___________________ in 1991 to keep Milosevic from
stealing their territory.
 Yugoslavian army (controlled by Serbia) __________________ both republics.
 War in Croatia led to civil war which killed thousands of people before a _____________cease fire in
1992.
o Croatian independence.
 Ethnicities of Yugoslavia
 1992  Bosnia and Herzegovina declared ___________________.
o Mix of Bosnian, Croats and Serbs lived in the republic.
 Bosnian Muslims and Croats backed independence but ______________ did not.
 Milosevic and Serbs started a war in ______________.
 Milosevic used ___________________ to get rid of Bosnian Muslims and Croats
o more than 200,000 died and 2 million became ________________.
 1995  ____________ sponsored peace negotiations led to a free Bosnia.
Adapted from Lindsey Barnes – Lecture, Yugoslavia
Lecture Notes – Eastern Europe/Yugoslavia
Name: __________________________________
 Bosnia’s ethnic groups
o Bosnians – 40% _____________
o Serbs – 31 % ________________(Christian)
o Croats- 15% ________________ (Christian)
 Milosevic then tried to keep control of _______________, which had an Albanian/Muslim majority.
 Kosovo demanded independence and Serbia began ______________________.
 1999  _____________ started bombing Serbia to get them to stop and Milosevic withdrew.
o NATO  a defense alliance of countries from Europe and North America (_________included).
Members agree to treat an attack on one country as ___________________.
 Milosevic accused of _______________ and voted out in 2000.
o Serbia had become __________________under his leadership.
 2006  Montenegro (Orthodox) declared independence from _______________.
 2008 ________________ declared independence.
Former Yugoslavia:
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Serbia
3. Montenegro
4. Croatia
5. Macedonia
6. Slovenia
7. Kosovo
Today?
 Cultural diversity makes it difficult to ____________ the region.
 Less ___________than the rest of Europe, but as industry grows so will cities.
 Discrimination of minority groups, especially the Jews, leading to _____________________.
 To obtain true _______________, they need to overcome old hatreds and work together.
In Summary
 South Slavs migrated to the region of Eastern Europe and settled.
 Conquering empires brought ethnic, cultural, and religious differences to the South Slavs (Croat,
Bosnian, Serb, Slovene, etc.)
 Conquering empires created intense nationalism for each ethnicity.
 Soviet influence controlled ethnic tensions.
 1991  with independence ethnic nationalism, ethnocentrism, and ethnic cleansing began.
 Main instigator of the violence was Serbian led Yugoslavia.
 Yugoslavia is today broken into 7 different countries.
Adapted from Lindsey Barnes – Lecture, Yugoslavia