Chapter 3 Homework
1. Complete the following table with the term fixed, variable, negligible, or significant:
Property
shape
volume
compressibility
Solid
fixed
fixed
negligible
Liquid
variable
fixed
negligible
Gas
variable
variable
significant
2. Supply the term that describes each of the following changes of physical state:
a. solid to liquid – melting
b. liquid to gas – vaporizing
c. solid to gas – sublimation
d. gas to solid – deposition
e. gas to liquid – condensing
f. liquid to solid – freezing
3. Classify each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture or
heterogeneous mixture:
a. sodium chloride – compound
b. chlorine gas – element
c. salt water– homogeneous mixture
d. copper wire – element
e. brass alloy – homogeneous mixture
4. Write the chemical symbol for each of the following elements:
a. lithium
Li
b. argon
Ar
c. mercury
Hg
d. magnesium Mg
e. carbon
C
f. helium
He
g. copper
Cu
h. silver
Ag
5. Write the name for each of the following chemical symbols:
a. P
phosphorus
b. Fe
iron
c. N
nitrogen
d. Ne
neon
e. K
potassium
f. F
fluorine
6. State 4 properties of a metal and 4 properties of a nonmetal
Nonmetal:
Metal:
1. dull
1. metallic luster
2. brittle
2. malleable
3. nonconductor
3. conduct electricity
4. usually low density
4. usually high density
7. Classify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal AND indicate
the physical state at 25 °C (solid, liquid, or gas)
a. nickel
metal, solid
b. krypton
nonmetal, gas
c. sodium
metal, solid
d. mercury
metal, liquid
e. sulfur
nonmetal, solid
f. arsenic
semimetal, solid
8. State the composition for a molecule of each of the following compounds (how many
atoms of each element):
a. vitamin B2, C17H20N4O6
17 atoms of carbon, 20 atoms of hydrogen, 4 atoms
of nitrogen, 6 atoms of oxygen
b. cholesterol, C27H45OH
27 atoms of carbon, 46 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom
of oxygen
9. Write the chemical formula for each of the following compounds:
a. vitamin K: 31 carbon, 46 hydrogen, and 2 oxygen atoms C31H46O2
b. lysine: 6 carbon, 14 hydrogen, 2 nitrogen, and 2 oxygen atoms
10. State whether each of the following is a physical or chemical property:
a. yellow color
physical
b. reacts with oxygen
chemical
c. conducts heat
physical
d. bubbles in acid
chemical
e. grinds to a powder
physical
f. dissolves in water
physical
g. oxidizes to rust
chemical
h. burns with a light blue flame chemical
C6H14N2O2
11. State whether each of the following is a physical or chemical change:
a. vaporization
physical
b. rusting
chemical
c. fermenting apples into cider
chemical
d. cutting aluminum foil
physical
e. hydrogen and oxygen gases explode
chemical
f. liquid helium boils
physical
g. vinegar and oil separate into two layers
physical
h. ammonia and copper solution turns deep blue
chemical
12. If 10.11 g of limestone decomposes by heat to give 8.51 g of solid calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide gas, what is the mass of carbon dioxide produced?
1.6 g
13. If the temperature of an element increases, does the kinetic energy increase or decrease?
Does the motion of particles increase or decrease?
both kinetic energy and motion of particles increase
14. Identify two forms of energy that are involved in each of the following energy
conversions relating to a nuclear power plant:
a. uranium converts water to steam
nuclear and heat
b. steam drives a turbine
heat and mechanical
c. the turbine turns a generator
mechanical and electrical
d. a generator makes electricity
mechanical and electrical