Constitutionalization of
European Private Law
E dited by
HANS-W. M I C K L I T Z
OX FO RD
UN IV ER SITY PRESS
/■
Contents
Table o f Cases
Table o f Legislation
List o f Abbreviations
Notes on Contributors
xvii
xx i
xxiii
1. In tro d u c tio n
1. Fram ing the D ebate on E uropean H u m an and
F undam ental Righcs in E uropean Private Law
2. The C o n trib u tio n s
3. Prelim inary C onsiderations on the Future
o f C onstitutionalized Private Law
2. O n th e (In )co m p atib ility o f H u m a n R ights D iscourse an d
P rivate Law
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Introduction
The G row ing Im pact o f H u m an Rights on Private Law
The Puzzle o f H orizontality
The Structural Relation between Public and Private Law
The C ontroversy over D irect Effect
D octrinal Integrity
The Translation o f T ransplanted Rights
D ouble Proportionality: ‘T he U ltim ate Balancing Test’
Public V irtue an d Private Preference
D erogation in Private Law
Protective Effect
A utonom y and Positive Freedom
3. T he F ifth E u ropean U n io n Freedom : A ggregating
C itiz e n sh ip . . . aro u n d Private Law
1. In troduction: The Fifth Freedom betw een F undam ental Rights
a n d F undam ental Boundaries
2. The Perceived Role o f H u m an Rights
in M odern Societies a n d . ..
3. . . . Creative Tensions in D efining the
Boundaries o f EU M ultilevel Identity
4. Aggregating European C itizenship from the
Internal M arket B uilding Process
5. D efining the C o n to u rs o f EU C itizenship:
T he Shadow C itizenship as a M etaphor
6. Echoes o f the Fifth Freedom in Case Law
7. Conclusions: D igging Back through the
Cases for Insights into the F uture
1
9
20
26
26
29
34
36
38
42
46
49
51
54
55
58
61
61
65
72
78
84
88
93
Contents
vi
4. E u ropean F u n d am e n tal R ights, Private Law, an d Judicial G overnance
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1 5.
Introd u ctio n
‘E uropean F undam ental R ights’ and ‘Private Law’
Vertical Effect o f F undam ental Rights
H orizontal Effect o f F undam ental Rights
A N orm ative Individualistic U nderstanding
o f F undam ental Rights
M odels o f F undam ental Rights H orizontality
in the EU M em ber States
C o m m o n Fact Patterns o f H orizontal
Effect in the E U M em ber States
D irect H orizontal Effect in the Jurisprudence
o f N ational and E uropean C ourts
Indirect H orizontal Effect in the Jurisprudence
o f N ational and E uropean C ourts
The H orizontal A pplication o f the C h arter o f
F undam ental Rights o f the E uropean U nion
The H orizontal A pplication o f F undam ental
Rights and Judicial G overnance
Policies o f H orizontal A pplication
o f F undam ental Rights: N ational Level
Policies o f H orizontal A pplication
o f F undam ental Rights: EU Level
Legitim ate Legal Policy or F undam ental Rights
Instrum entalization?
C onclusion
5. C o n stitu tio n aliza tio n and EU E m plo y m en t Law
1. Introductio n
2. C onstitutio nalization and the E m ploym ent R elationship
3. The Evolution o f C onstitutionalization
w ithin EU E m ploym ent Law
4. C onstitutio nalization via G eneral Principles o f Law:
EU Equality Directives
5. Searching the O u te r Limits o f C onstitutionalization:
The Personal Scope o f E m ploym ent Rights
6. C onclusion
6. F u n d am en tal R ights, E uropean Private Law, an d
Financial Services
1. Introduction
2. Gateways to the C onstitutionalization
o f E uropean Private Law
3. The A ctual and Potential Im pact o f EU
F undam ental Rights on E uropean Financial Services Law
4. C oncluding Remarks
102
102
103
104
104
105
106
110
113
115
118
124
125
129
131
135
137
137
139
144
148
157
167
170
170
172
185
209
Contents
7.
In tellec tu al P ro p e rty a n d E u ropean F u n d am e n tal
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
vii
R ights
210
In tro d u ctio n
C onstitutionalization o f IP
U niversal H u m an Rights versus E U F undam ental Rights
The E uropean C h arter on F undam ental Rights and IP
C onclusion: The Novel P ublic-P rivate Interface
210
211
216
218
230
8. R ights a n d R em edies: A rticle 4 7 E U C F R an d Effective Judicial
P ro te ctio n in E uropean Private Law M atters
236
1. In tro d u c tio n
2. Effective Judicial Protection, F undam ental
Rights, an d E uropean Private Law
3. Procedures an d Rem edies— Effects o f Article 47
E U C F R in the C JE U s Case Law Regarding Private Law M atters
4. Rights to Rem edies— Towards a Judge-M ade
E uropean Law on Remedies?
5. C o n clu d in g Rem arks
Index
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237
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