Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
in English, French and Romanian
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
in English, French and Romanian
By
Georgeta RaŃă, Ionel Samfira,
Diana-Andreea Boc-SînmărghiŃan
and Monica Butnariu
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms in English, French and Romanian,
by Georgeta RaŃă, Ionel Samfira, Diana-Andreea Boc-SînmărghiŃan and Monica Butnariu
This book first published 2012
Cambridge Scholars Publishing
12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Copyright © 2012 by Georgeta RaŃă, Ionel Samfira, Diana-Andreea Boc-SînmărghiŃan
and Monica Butnariu
All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.
ISBN (10): 1-4438-3623-0, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-3623-4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ................................................................................................... vii
List of Abbreviations .................................................................................. ix
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms in English, French
and Romanian............................................................................................ 1
Index of French Forage Technical Terms................................................ 219
Index of Romanian Forage Technical Terms........................................... 279
References ............................................................................................... 341
Authors .................................................................................................... 353
FOREWORD
Forage or fodder has been defined by English language dictionaries as
‘bulky food like grass or hay for browsing or grazing horses or cattle’
(Collins Thesaurus of the English Language), ‘bulky food such as grass or
hay for horses and cattle’ (Oxford Dictionaries), ‘food eaten by browsing
or grazing animal’ (Random House Word Menu), ‘food for animals
especially when taken by browsing or grazing’ (Merriam-Webster
Dictionary), ‘food for domestic animals’ (The American Heritage®
Dictionary of the English Language), ‘food for horses and/or cattle,
especially hay or straw’ (Collins English Dictionary), ‘plant material
(mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock’ (Wikipedia),
‘plant matter, fresh or preserved, gathered and fed to animals’
(Encyclopaedia of Food & Culture), ‘strictly speaking, dried winter feed,
usually hay’ (Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary), ’vegetable
food, including corn and hay, of wild or domestic animals’ (Britannica
Concise Encyclopaedia), etc.
A synthetic definition of forage would, therefore, be ‘bulky food or, to
be more exact, feed (crop residue, grasses, herbaceous legumes, silage, and
tree legumes), i.e. fresh plant material eaten by browsing or grazing
livestock (cattle, horses, etc.) or preserved plant material gathered and fed
to animals’.
This Compendium of Forage Technical Terms in English, French,
and Romanian is an inventory of English, French and Romanian
technical terms used in the field of forages (where forage is defined as in
the paragraph above). It contains terms related to the main aspects of
forage crop production: plant biology (chemical properties, development,
diseases, growth, metabolism, reproduction, and structure), plant
physiology (circadian rhythm, dormancy, environmental stress, hormone
functions, movement, nutrition, photo-morphogenesis, photo-periodism,
photosynthesis, respiration, seed germination, stomata function and
transpiration, and tropism), and plant cultivation (biochemistry, breeding,
engineering, production, and propagation).
The terms have been selected from literature (articles, dictionaries,
encyclopaedias, handbooks, periodicals, textbooks, websites, etc.). We
started from the English terms (nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs) for
which we supplied French and Romanian homonyms. Where necessary,
viii
Foreword
we supply both English and Latin plurals of the nouns of Greek or Latin
origin. We also supply the feminine forms of French and Romanian
adjectives using a system familiar to both categories of readers. The
abbreviations used in the Compendium are listed below.
The Compendium would appeal to agriculturists, animal breeders,
decision-makers in the field of agriculture, farmers, seeds and pesticides
dealers, seeds and pesticides manufacturers, technicians, translators from
English-, French-, and Romanian-speaking countries, vulgarisers and
other specialists in the field of agriculture active in their own countries or
abroad who need to carry out research, to document, to make reports, or to
participate in exchanges of experience, in scientific events, in the
promotion of products, etc. It would also appeal to such academic
readership as academic teaching staff, researchers and students in the
fields of agriculture, animal husbandry, botany, horticulture, and farm
management.
—The Authors
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
English:
adj. – adjective
adv. – adverb
n. – noun
pl. – plural
v. – verb
French:
adj. – adjective
adv. – adverbe
n. – nom
pl. – pluriel
v. – verbe
Romanian:
adj. – adjectiv
adv. – adverb
s. – substantiv
pl. – plural
v. – verb
COMPENDIUM OF FORAGE
TECHNICAL TERMS
IN ENGLISH, FRENCH AND ROMANIAN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
English
1,000 grain weight
Français
poids à 1000 grains
abaxial
ability
abiotic
abiotic factor
abiotical
abnormal duration
precipitation
aborted flower
abortion
above-surface
abrupt
abruptly
abscising
abaxial(e)
capacité
abiotique
facteur abiotique
abiotique
précipitation de
durée anormale
fleur avortée
avortement
superficiel(le)
abrupt(e)
abruptement
abscission
s’opérant
abscission
absence
déficit absolu de
calcium
corrélation absolue
18
19
20
21
22
abscission
absenŃă
absolute calcium
deficit
absolute
correlation
absolute moisture
absolute weight
absorption
abundance
abundant
23
acanthaceous
24
25
acaricid
acaulescent
à épines,
aiguillonné(e),
épineux, -euse
acaricide
acaule
26
acaulous
acaule
27
accelerated
senescence
vieillissement
accéléré
17
humidité absolue
poids absolu
absorption
abondance
opulent(e),
riche
Română
masa a 1000 de
boabe
abaxial(ă)
capacitate
abiotic(ă)
factor abiotic
abiotic(ă)
precipitaŃie de
durată anormală
floare avortată
avort
superficial(ă)
abrupt(ă)
abrupt (adv.)
care suferă o
abscizie
abscizie
absenŃă
deficit absolut de
calciu
corelaŃie absolută
umiditate absolută
greutate absolută
absorbŃie
abundenŃă
bogat(ă),
îmbelşugat(ă),
opulent(ă)
cu spini, ghimpos,
-oasă, spinos, -oasă,
Ńepos, -oasă
acaricid
acaul(ă),
acaulescent(ă)
acaul(ă),
acaulescent(ă)
îmbătrânire
accelerată
4
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
Français
arille
Română
tegument accesoriu
29
English
accessory
tegument
acclimation
acclimatation
30
acclimatisation
acclimatation
31
32
accrescent
accretion
33
34
accumulation
accumulator
35
36
acephalous
acetylenereduction method
37
38
39
achene / akene
achenial
acicular
40
aciculate
41
42
49
50
acid Bladen soil
acid detergent
fibre
acid detergent
lignin
acid subsoil
acid test
acidified
acidity
acidophil
vegetation
acidophilous
acinarous
51
acotyledonous
accrescent(e)
croissance
organique
accumulation
accumulateur,
-trice
acéphale
méthode de
réduction de
l’acétylène
akène
akénal(e)
aciculaire,
aciculé(e),
aciculifère
aciculaire,
aciculé(e),
aciculifère
sol acide
détermination de la
fibre par lavage
détermination de la
lignine par lavage
sous-sol acide
épreuve acide
acidifié(e)
acidité
végétation
acidophile
acidophile
acinaire,
bacciforme
acotylédoné(e)
aclimatizare,
deprindere
aclimatizare,
deprindere
acrescent(ă)
creştere organică
28
43
44
45
46
47
48
acumulare
acumulator
acefal(ă)
metoda reducerii
acetilenei
achenă
achenal(ă)
acicular(ă),
aciculiform(ă)
acicular(ă),
aciculiform(ă)
sol acid
determinarea fibrei
prin spălare
determinarea
ligninei prin spălare
subsol acid
test acid
acidificat(ă)
aciditate
vegetaŃie acidofilă
acidofil(ă)
baciform(ă),
veziculos, -oasă
acotiledonat(ă)
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
English
acre
acrid
actinomorphic
actinomorphous
activity
actual production
aculeate
Français
acre
âpreté
actinomorphe
actinomorphe
activité
production réelle
à épines,
aiguillonné(e),
épineux, -euse
aculeus (pl.
aculei)
acumen
acuminate
aculéole
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
acuminate leaf
acute
acyclical
ad libitum intake
adaptability
adaptation
adapted
exploitation rate
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
adaptive response
adaxial
additive genetic
factor effect
additive value
adhesive
adjacent plant
adjustment
adnate
77
adnate stipel
78
79
80
adumbrate
adventitious
adventitious bud
acumen
acuminé(e),
crochu(e)
feuille acuminée
aigu, aiguë
acyclique
ration ad libitum
adaptabilité
adaptation
rythme
d’exploitation
adapté
réponse d’daptation
adaxial(e)
effet des facteurs
génétiques additifs
valeur additive
adhésif, -ive
plante adjacente
accommodation
adné(e),
concrescent(e)
stipelle
concrescente
ombrageant
adventif, -ive
bourgeon adventif
Română
acru
gust înŃepător
actinomorf(ă)
actinomorf(ă)
activitate
producŃie reală
aculeat(ă), cu spini,
ghimpos, -oasă,
spinos,-oasă,
Ńepos, -oasă
aculeol
acumen
acuminat(ă)
frunză acuminată
acut(ă)
aciclic(ă)
raŃie ad libitum
adaptabilitate
adaptare
ritm de exloatare
adaptat
reacŃie de adaptare
adaxial(ă)
efectul factorilor
genetici aditivi
valoare aditivă
adeziv(ă)
plantă adiacentă
acomodare
concrescent(ă)
stipelă concrescută
care umbreşte
adventiv(ă)
mugur adventiv
5
6
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
81
82
83
English
adventive
advisable
aerating tissue
84
85
aeration
aerenchyma
86
87
88
89
90
aerial part
aerial root
aerobic
aestivation
affiliate legumes
91
affixed plant
92
93
94
95
96
97
aftermath
age
ageotropic
ageotropism
aggregate fruit
agricultural
alternation
agricultural
decrease
agricultural
domain
agricultural
drainage
agricultural
exploitation
agricultural field
agricultural
pollution
agricultural
rotation
agricultural tool
agrienvironmental
conditions
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
Français
adventif, -ive
recommandable
aérenchyme,
tissu aérifère
aération
aérenchyme,
tissu aérifère
partie aérienne
racine aérienne
aérobe
préfloraison
légumineuses
affiliées
plante affixée /
fixée / insérée
regain
âge
agéotropique
agéotropisme
fruit agrégé
assolement agricole
Română
adventiv(ă)
recomandabil(ă)
aerenchim, Ńesut
aerenchimatic
aerare
aerenchim, Ńesut
aerenchimatic
parte aeriană
rădăcină aeriană
aerob(ă)
prefloraŃie
leguminoase afiliate
déprise agricole
scădere agricolă
domaine agricole
domeniu agricol
drainage agricole
drenaj agricol
exploitation
agricole
domaine agricole
pollution par
l’agriculture
assolement agricole
exploatare agricolă
outil agricole
cahier de charges
agri-environmental
unealtă agricolă
caiet de sarcini agromediu
plantă fixată de sol
otavă
vârstă
ageotropic(ă)
ageotropism
fruct agregat
asolament agricol
domeniu agricol
poluare prin
agricultură
asolament agricol
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
109
110
111
112
English
agritourism
agronomic
component
agro-system
agrotechnics
air
air adventive root
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
air fauna
air moisture
air pollution
air pression
air seeding
air sowing
air temperature
air-dried
121
122
airiferous
albication
123
albinism
124
albumen
125
126
127
128
129
aleurone
alga (pl. algae)
algophagous
alkalinity
alkaloid
130
131
132
alkaloid level
alkaloid reduction
all
133
allele
107
108
Français
agrotourisme
composante
agronomique
agrosystème
agrotechnique
air
racine adventive
aérienne
faune aérienne
humidité de l’air
pollution de l’air
pression de l’air
semis à la volée
semis à la volée
température de l’air
séché(e) en plein
l’air
aérifère
albication,
albinisme,
dépigmentation,
étiolement
albication,
albinisme,
dépigmentation,
étiolement
albumen,
endosperme
aleurone
algue
algophage
alcalinité
alcaloïde
niveau alcaloïde
réduction alcaloïde
complet, -ète,
entier, -ère, tout(e)
allèle
Română
agroturism
componentă
agronomică
agrosistem
agrotehnică
aer
rădăcină adventivă
aeriană
fauna aeriană
umezeala aerului
poluarea aerului
presiunea aerului
semănat aerian
semănat aerian
temperatura aerului
uscat(ă) la aer
aerifer(ă)
albinism,
depigmentare,
etiolare, înălbire
albinism,
depigmentare,
etiolare, înălbire
albumen
aleuronă
algă
algofag(ă)
alcalinitate
alcaloid (subst.),
alcaloid(ă)
nivel alcaloid
reducŃie alcaloidă
tot
alel
7
8
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
English
allelogenous
allelogeny
allelopathic
allelopathic
potential
allelopathy
allocthon
allogamous
allogamy
allogenous
allometric
property
allometry
almond
alone
alpha diversity
alpine area
alpine meadow
alpine plant
alpine shrubbery
alpine-floor
meadow
alteragenous
Français
allélogène
allélogénie
allélopathique
potentiel
allélopathique
allélopathie
allocthon
allogame
allogamie,
fertilisation
croisée,
pollinisation
croisée
allogène
propriété
allometrique
allométrie
amande
seul
alpha diversité
zone alpine
pelouse alpine
plante alpine
buissons alpins
pelouse de l’étage
alpin
alteragène
alternance
alternant
alternate
alternate leaves
alternate rows
alternating
alternative-row
mixture
altitude strip
alternance
alterne
alterne
feuilles alternes
lignes alternées
alterne
mélange en lignes
alternatives
tranche d’altitude
Română
alelogenic(ă)
alelogenie
alelopatic(ă)
potenŃial alelopatic
alelopatie
alocton
alogamic(ă)
alogamie,
fertilizare
încrucişată,
polenizare
încrucişată
alogen(ă)
proprietate
alometrică
alometrie
migdală
singur(ă)
alfa diversitate
zonă alpină
pajişte alpină
plantă alpină
tufăriş alpin
pajişte de etaj alpin
agent care provoacă
alterări în celula vie,
alteragen
alternanŃă
alternant(ă)
altern(ă)
frunze alterne
rânduri alterne
alternant(ă)
amestec pe rânduri
alternative
tranşă altitudinală,
tranşă de altitudine
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
165
English
altitudinal
distance
altitudinal stage
aluminiuminduced calcium
deficit
amelioration value
166
167
168
169
amended meadow
amendment
ament
amentiferous
étage altitudinal
déficit de calcium
induit par
l’aluminium
valeur
d’amélioration
prairie amendée
amendement
ament, chaton
amentifère
170
171
172
173
174
ameusalism
amitosis
ammonia
ammonia nitrogen
ammonia
spreading
amphimict
ameusalisme
amitose
ammoniac
azote ammoniacal
épandage
d’ammoniaque
amphimicte
valoare de
ameliorare
pajişte îmbunătăŃită
amendament
ament
amentifer(ă),
iulifer(ă)
ameusalism
amitoză
amoniac
azot amoniacal
împrăştiere de
amoniac
amfimict(ă)
amphimixie
amfimixie
177
178
179
180
amphimixis (pl.
amphimixes)
amphitropous
amphytolerant
amplexicaul
amplexicaul leaf
amfitrop(ă)
amfitolerant(ă)
amplexicaul(ă)
frunză amplexicaulă
181
amplification
182
183
amylase glucose
anabiosis (pl.
anabioses)
anaerobic
anastomosing
anatomic location
amphitrope
amphytolérant(e)
amplexicaule
feuille
amplexicaule
agrandissement,
amplification,
croissance,
multiplication
glucose-amylase
anabiose
anaérobe
anastomosé(e)
localisation
anatomique
anaerob(ă)
anastomozat(ă)
localizare anatomică
162
163
164
175
176
184
185
186
Français
écart altitudinal
Română
ecart altitudinal
treaptă altitudinală
deficit de calciu
indus de aluminiu
amplificare,
dezvoltare,
mărire
glucozamilază
anabioză
9
10
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
Français
anatrope
androchore
androdioïque
androcée
Română
anatrop(ă)
androc(h)or(ă)
androdioic(ă)
androceu
191
English
anatropous
androchorous
androdioecious
androecium (pl.
androecia)
androgamete
androgamète
192
193
androgenesis
androgynal
androgénèse
androgyne,
bisexuel
194
195
androgynophore
androgynous
androgynophore
androgyne,
bisexuel
196
197
198
199
200
201
andromonoecious
androphilous
androphore
androsterility
anemochorous
anemogamous
202
203
anemopamy
anemophilous
204
205
206
207
anemophily
aneuploidy
angiosperme
angle
208
angled
209
angular
210
211
animal
animal charge
andromonoïque
androphile
androphore
androstérilité
anémochore
anémogame,
anémophile
anémopamie
anémogame,
anémophile
anémophilie
aneuploïdie
angiosperme
arête, côte,
tranchant
angulaire,
anguleux, -euse,
coudé(e)
angulaire,
anguleux, -euse,
coudé(e)
animal, bête
chargement animal
androgamet,
gamet mascul
androgeneză
androgin(ă),
bisexuat(ă),
hermafrodit(ă)
androginofor(ă)
androgin(ă),
bisexuat(ă),
hermafrodit(ă)
andromonoic(ă)
androfil(ă)
androfor(ă)
androsterilitate
anemoc(h)or(ă)
anemofil(ă),
anemogam(ă)
anemopamie
anemofil(ă),
anemogam(ă)
anemofilie
aneuploidie
angiosperm
colŃ, margine
ascuŃită, muchie
angular(ă),
cotit(ă),
încovoiat(ă)
angular(ă),
cotit(ă),
încovoiat(ă)
animal
încărcătură de
animale
187
188
189
190
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
212
English
animal dejections
213
214
animal direction
animal energetic
requirements
215
225
226
227
228
animal feed
choice
animal individual
animal intake
animal production
animal
requirements
animal species
animal toxicity
animal type
animal-liberation
front
animal – plant
complex
anisogamy
anisomerous
anisophyllous
anisophylly
229
230
231
annotation
annual
annual fluctuation
232
annual forage crop
233
234
annual plant
annual
precipitations
235
annual producing
seed
annual ring
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
236
11
Français
restitutions
animales
trajet des animaux
besoins
énergétiques de
l’animal
choix alimentaire
de l’animal
individu animal
prélèvement animal
production animale
besoins du bétail
Română
dejecŃii animale
espèce animale
toxicité animale
type d’animal
front de libération
des animaux
complexe animal –
plante
anisogamie
anisomère
anysophille
anisophyllie
specie animală
toxicitate animală
tip de animal
front de eliberare a
animalelor
complexul animal –
plantă
anizogamie
anizomer(ă)
anisofil(ă)
anizofilie,
neuniformitatea
frunzelor
conscrierea plantelor
anual(ă)
fluctuaŃie anuală
remarque
annuel(le)
fluctuation
annuelle
culture fourragère
annuelle
plante annuelle
précipitations /
pluviosités
annuelles
séminifère annuel
anneau annuel
traseul animalelor
nevoile energetice
ale animalului
alegerea alimentară
a animalului
individ animal
prelevare animală
producŃie animală
nevoile animalelor
cultură furajeră
anuală
plantă anuală
precipitaŃii anuale
seminifer anual
inel anual
12
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
English
annual seedbearing
annual total
annulus (pl.
annuli, annuluses)
anther
anther-lobe
antherode
anthesis (pl.
antheses)
anthodium
anthophore
anthophyte
anthropic
anthropogenic
succession
anthropogenous
aspect
antipodal cell
antocyan
anular
apatite
aperiodical
population
aperturate
aperture
apetalous
apex (pl. apices,
apexes)
aphyllous
inflorescence
aphylly
apiarian
meristematic area
Français
séminifère annuel
Română
seminifer anual
total annuel
anneau, courbure,
torsion
anthère
capsule,
demianthère,
follicule, gaine,
sporange, thèque
anthérode
anthèse, floraison
total anual
curbură, inel, inelaş,
răsucire
anteră
foliculă,
teacă,
tecă
anthode
anthophore
anthophyte
anthropique
succession
anthropogénique
artificialisation
antodiu
antofor(ă)
antofit(ă)
antropic(ă)
succesiune
antropogenică
aspect antropogen /
uman
celulă antipodică
antocian
inelar(ă)
antipode
antocyan
annelé(e),
annulaire
apatite
population
apériodique
poreux, -euse
pore
apétale
apex, pointe,
sommet
inflorescence
aphylle
aphyllie
zone
méristématique
apicole
anterodiu
perioadă de înflorire
apatit
populaŃie aperiodică
poros, -oasă
por
apetal(ă)
apex,
culme, vârf
inflorescenŃă afilă
afilie
zonă meristematică
apicolă
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
262
263
264
265
English
apical
266
267
268
apical growth
apical meristem
apical meristeme
ablation
apiculate
aplical
apocarpe
269
apocarpous
270
271
272
278
279
280
apogamic
apomictic
apomixis (pl.
apomixes)
apothecium (pl.
apothecia)
apparent
appearance
appendage
appendix (pl.
appendices,
appendixes)
appetence
application
application rate
281
282
283
284
appressed
apyrenous
aquacole
aqueous
285
286
aquifer
aquifer water
287
arboretum (pl.
arboreta)
273
274
275
276
277
13
Français
apical(e),
sommital(e),
terminal(e)
croissance apicale
méristème apical
ablation des
méristèmes apicaux
apiculé(e)
aplicale
apocarpe,
apocarpique
apocarpe,
apocarpique
apogame
apomictique
apomixie
Română
apical(ă),
terminal(ă)
apothèce
apoteciu
apparent
aspect, facies, port
appendice
appendice
aparent(ă)
aspect, facies, port
adaos, apendice
adaos,
apendice
appétabilité
application
rythme
d’application
apprimé(e)
apyrène
aquacole
aqueux, -euse
apetabilitate
aplicare
ritm / viteză de
aplicare
presat(ă)
apiren(ă)
care trăieşte în apă
apătos, -oasă,
apos, -oasă
acvifer
apă de orizont / strat
acvifer
arboret
acquifère
eau de couche
aquifère
arboretum,
peuplement
creştere apicală
meristem apical
îndepărtarea
meristemelor apicale
apiculat(ă)
aplical(ă)
apocarp(ă)
apocarp(ă)
apogam(ă)
apomictic(ă)
apomixie
14
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
English
arched
archegonium (pl.
archegonia)
arching
architectural
plasticity
are
area
area coverage
coefficient
Français
arqué(e)
archégone
Română
arcuit(ă)
arhegoniu
arqué(e)
plasticité
architecturale
are
zone
coefficient de
recouvrement de la
zone
aréolé(e)
aréole
aride
aridité
arille
arillé
arillode
issu(e), né(e)
issu(e),
provenant de
arcuit(ă)
plasticitate
arhitecturală
ar
areal, zonă
coeficient de
ocupare a suprafeŃei
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
areolate
areole
arid
aridity
aril
arillate
arillode
arisen out of
arising
304
305
306
arista (pl. aristae)
aristate
arithmetic mean
307
armed
308
aérobiose
309
310
aerobiosis (pl.
aerobioses)
aromatic
arranged
311
arranged in series
disposé(e) en séries
312
arrangement
313
arrowhead
disposition,
étagement
sagitté(e)
arête
aristé(e)
moyenne
arithmétique
muni(e) d’épines
aromatique
rangé
areolat(ă)
areolă
arid(ă)
ariditate
aril
arilat(ă)
arilod
provenit(ă)
care începe să
crească dintr-un
punct
aristă
aristat(ă)
medie aritmetică
cu spini / Ńepi,
spinos, -oasă,
Ńepos, -oasă
aerobioză
odorant(ă)
aranjat(ă),
aşezat(ă) în ordine
dispus(ă) în serii,
serial(ă)
aranjament
sagitat(ă)
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
314
315
English
arrow-leaved
arrow-shaped
316
articulation
317
318
319
artificial meadow
artificialisation
ascidium (pl.
ascidia)
ascospore
asepalous
prairie artificielle
artificialisation
ascidie
asexuate
multiplication
ash
ash-coloured
ashes
ash-gray
aspect
aspermous
multiplication
asexuée
gri cendré
gri cendré
cendres
gri cendré
aspect, facies, port
asperme,
sans graines
âpre, rude
organe assimilateur
surface
assimilatrice
assimilation
ablation du tissu
assimilateur
assymétrique
aster
coefficient
d’asymétrie
asymptotique
croissance
asynchrone
atmosphère
fixation d’azote
atmosphérique
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
asperous
assimilating organ
assimilating
surface
assimilation
assimilation tissue
ablation
assymmetrical
aster
asymmetry
coefficient
asymptotic
asynchronic
growth
atmosphere
atmospheric
nitrogen fixation
Français
sagittifolié(e)
en fer de flèche,
sagitté
articulation,
noeud
ascospore
sépales absents
15
Română
cu frunze sagitate
sagitat(ă)
articulaŃie,
încheietură,
loc de inserŃie, nod
pajişte artificială
artificializare
ascidie
ascospor
asepal(ă),
fără sepale
multiplicare
asexuată
cenuşiu, -e, sur(ă)
cenuşiu, -e, sur(ă)
cenuşă
cenuşiu, -e, sur(ă)
aspect, facies, port
fără seminŃe
aspru, -ă
organ asimilator
suprafaŃă
asimilatoare
asimilare, asimilaŃie
îndepărtarea
Ńesutului asimilator
asimetric(ă)
aster
coeficient de
asimetrie
asimptotic(ă)
creştere asincronă
atmosferă
fixarea azotului
atmosferic
16
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
341
English
atrasine resisting
342
343
344
345
346
347
attempt
attenuate
attributed
auricle
auriculate
aurigo
348
349
350
351
352
autochore
autoecological
index
autofecundated
autofecundation
autogamic
353
autogamous
354
355
356
autogamy
autotrophic
autotrophic living
being
autotrophic plant
autotrophy
auxin
available grass
Français
résistent à
l’atrazine
essai
atténué(e)
alloué
auricule, oreillette
auriculé(e)
aurigo
365
366
available
phosphorus
average annual
precipitation
average deviation
average
percentage
awl-shaped
awn
autocore
indicateur
autoécologique
autofécondé
autofécondation
autofertile,
autogame
autofertile,
autogame
autogamie
autotrophe
être vivant
autotrophe
végétale autotrophe
autotrophie
auxin
herbe sur pied,
stock d’herbe
phosphore
disponible
moyenne annuelle
des précipitations
déviation moyenne
pourcentage,
taux
en forme d’alène
arête
367
368
awned apex
axial
apex aristé
axial(e)
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
Română
rezistent la atrazină
încercare
atenuat(ă)
atribuit(ă), alocat(ă)
auriculă, urechiuşă
auriculat(ă)
aurigo, pătura
galbenă a frunzelor
autocoră
indice autoecologic
autofecundat(ă)
autofecundaŃie
autofertil(ă),
autogam(ă)
autofertil(ă),
autogam(ă)
autogamie
autotrof(ă)
vieŃuitoare autotrofă
vegetală autotrofă
autotrofie
auxină
iarba disponibilă de
sub animal
fosfor disponibil
media anuală a
precipitaŃiilor
abatere medie
procent,
proporŃie medie
în formă de sulă
aristă,
mustaŃă (de spic)
apex aristat
axial(ă)
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
English
axil
axilla (pl. axillae)
axillary
axillary bud
axillary glomerule
axillary meristem
axis (pl. axes)
axis-like
arrangement
axis-like
ordination
axylous
Français
cicatrice de la
feuille axillante
aisselle, axile
axillaire
bourgeon axillaire
glomérule axillaire
méristème axillaire
axe
rangée axiale
Română
axil
rangée axiale
aranjament axial
axyle
care nu produce
lemn
pajişti azonale
acid acetic
alginat
alergen
amigdalină (laetrile
sau vitamina B17)
pâturage azonal
acide acétique
alginate
allergène
amygdaline
(laetrile ou
vitamine B17)
anthocyane
anthracéniques
antibiotique
antifongique
antimocrobial(e)
antioxydant
bacciforme
bacille
rétrocroisement
vers l’arrière
bactériose
bactérie
396
azonal grassland
acetic acid
alginate
allergens
amygdalin
(laetrile and
“Vitamin B17”)
anthocyanin
anthraquinone
antibiotic
antifungal
antimicrobial
antioxidant (n.)
baccate
bacille
back-cross
backwards
bacteriosis
bacterium (pl.
bacteria)
bag
397
398
bale
ball-seeded
ballot
à semences
sphériques
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
sac
axilă
axilar(ă)
mugur axilar
glomerulă axilară
meristem axilar
axă
dispunere axială
antocian
antrachinonă
antibiotic
antifungic
antimicrobial(ă)
antioxidant (subst.)
bacifer(ă)
bacil
retroîncrucişare
înapoi (adv.)
bacterioză
bacterie
organ saciform,
sac, săculeŃ
balot
cu seminŃe
globuloase
17
18
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
399
400
401
402
403
English
ball-spikeleted
balsam
band
band seeding
barbed
Français
à épis en globe
baume
bande
semis en bandes
barbu(e), hérissé(e)
404
405
bare
barely
406
407
bark
barked
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
barn
barn drying
barrage
barrel
barren
barymetry
basal
basal metabolism
basic
417
418
419
420
basidium (pl.
basidia)
basifixed
basiflorous
basiflory
nu(e)
à peine,
discrètement
écorce, peau
corticaté(e),
corticifère
pailler
séchage en grange
barrage
barrique
infertile, stérile
barymétrie
basal(e)
métabolisme basal
basal(e),
fondamental(e)
baside
421
422
423
basilar
basiphilous
basket
basilaire
basiphile
basquet
424
425
426
427
428
429
bast
bast elements
batter
bay
bayonet
bayonet method
liber
phloème
talus
baie
baïonnette
méthode de la
baïonnette
basifixe
basiflore
basiflorie
Română
cu spice globuloase
balsam
bandă, fâşie
semănat în benzi
cu ghimpi / Ńepi,
ghimpat(ă)
neacoperit(ă)
abia,
în mod discret
coajă, piele, scoarŃă
corticat(ă)
hambar, pătul
uscare în hambar
baraj
butoi
nefertil(ă), steril(ă)
barimetrie
fundamental(ă)
metabolism bazal
de bază,
fundamental(ă)
basidie
basifix(ă)
basiflor(ă)
floare la nivelul
solului
bazilar(ă)
bazifil(ă)
lădiŃă pentru
ambalarea fructelor
liber (subst.)
floem
taluz
bacă
baionetă
metoda baionetei
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
430
English
beach plant
Français
plante littorale
431
432
433
434
beaked
bean
bearing
bearing scales
435
436
437
438
439
beast
beast of burden
beast of draught
beataxe
becoming dry
440
441
becoming fluid
becoming stiff
rostré(e), unciné(e)
buse
portant(e)
écailleux, -euse,
squameux, -euse,
squamifère
bête
bête de somme
bête de trait
butteur, buttoir
qui se dessèche, se
desséchant
colliquescent(e)
devenant raide
442
443
444
445
nid d’abeille
betteravier
avant la floraison
déprimage
447
448
bee’s honeycomb
beet breeder
before flowering
before-spike
exploitation
beginning of
summer to fall
bell-like
bell-shaped calyx
449
bell-shaped flower
fleur en cloche
450
médian(e)
452
belonging to the
middle
bending
downwards
bent
453
bent prickle
446
451
début été –
automne
campanulé(e)
calice cloche
décidu(e),
retombant(e)
angulaire,
anguleux, -euse,
coudé(e)
crochu(e) /
onciné(e) /
recourbé(e)
19
Română
plantă de plajă
nisipoasă
rostrat(ă)
duză
portant(ă)
solzos, -oasă
vită
animal de povară
animal de tracŃiune
rariŃă
care se usucă
colicvescent(ă)
nepliabil(ă), rigid(ă),
Ńeapăn(ă)
cuib de albine
cultivator de sfeclă
înaintea înfloririi
exploatare înaintea
stadiului de spic
începutul verii –
toamnă
în formă de clopot
caliciu în formă de
clopot
floare în formă de
clopot
median(ă)
căzător, -oare
angular(ă),
cotit(ă),
încovoiat(ă)
Ńep uncinat
20
Compendium of Forage Technical Terms
454
455
456
457
English
berried
berry
berry-bearing
berry-shaped
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
beta diversity
biannual
bicuspid
bicuspidate
biennial
biennial plant
bifid
465
bifidate
466
467
468
469
470
biflore
bifoliate
bifoliolate
bifurcate(d)
bifurcation
471
472
bigeminate
bigeminate
flowers
bilabiate
bilabiate calyx
bilobed
bilocular
bin
binary mixture
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
binate leaf
bioaccumulation
biocenosis
biocoenosis
diversity
biodegradable
Français
bacciforme
baie
bacciforme
acinaire,
bacciforme
beta diversité
bisannuel
bicuspide
bicuspide
bisannuel
plante bisannuelle
bifidé(e), bifide,
bifendu(e),
biparti(e), bipartite
bifendu(e),
bifidé(e)
biflore
bifolié(e)
bifoliolé(e)
bifurqué(e)
bifurcation,
dichotomie,
fourchure
bigéminé(e)
fleurs bigéminées
Română
bacifer(ă)
bacă, boabă
bacifer(ă)
baciform(ă),
veziculos, -oasă
beta diversitate
bianual(ă)
bicuspidat(ă)
bicuspidat(ă)
bianual(ă)
plantă bianuală
bifid(ă),
bifidat(ă),
împărŃit(ă) în două
bifidat(ă)
bilabié(e)
calice bilabié
bilobé(e)
biloculaire
benne
mélange
bispécifique
feuille binée
bioaccumulation
biocénose
diversité des
biocénoses
biodégradable
bilabiat(ă)
caliciu bilabiat
bilobat(ă)
bilocular(ă)
benă
amestec bispecific
bifloră
bifoliat(ă)
bifoliar(ă)
bifurcat(ă)
bifurcaŃie,
dihotomie
pereche
flori pereche
frunză binată
bioacumulare
biocenoză
diversitatea
biocenozelor
biodegradabil(ă)