3.1 and 3.2 pages 84 – 91
Conquest of America (Line of Demarcation)
A. First Encounter
- Taino people were generous to the Spaniards.
- Spanish Conquistadors
- Island of Hispaniola (Haiti, Cuba and Puerto Rico)
- Natives received European diseases – no immunity.
B. The Conquistadors
1. Cortes in Mexico (1519)
a. Malinche – young Indian woman who
served as a translator and adviser to Cortes.
b. Cortes formed alliances against the Aztec
King
2. Moctezuma’s Dilemma
a. Moctezuma wonder if Cortes was the godking Quetzacoatla.
b. He sent gold and silver urging Cortes not to
continue his trip to Tenochtitlan.
3. Fall of Tenochtitlan
a. Moctezuma was killed fighting against
Cortes.
b. 1521 – final assault on Mexico city.
4. Pizarro in Peru (1532)
a. Atahualpa won the throne from his brother
in a bloody civil war.
b. Atahualpa was slaughter by Pizarro.
C. Reason for Victory.
3.2 Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the America.
A. Ruling the Spanish Empire
- New Spain = Council of the Indies – viceroys
- Viceroys = Governors
1. The Catholic Church
a. Converted thousands of Native America in
the name of the king.
2. The economy
a. Export raw materials to Spain
b. Laws forbade trade with other Countries
c. Gold and Silver – Sugar cane like candy
canes were introduced to Europe. (Rum)
d. Plantation – Large estates run by owners.
e. Encomiendas – Conquistadors enslaved
Native America to work in labor camps.
3. Bartolome de las Casas
a. Priest who explain the horrors of Spaniard
treatment to the King.
b. 1542 – new law – forbidding enslavement
c. Problem – couldn’t enforce it.
d. Peons – workers forced to labor for a
landlord in order to pay off a debt.
4. Bringing workers from Africa
a. Import workers, they were immune to
diseases.
b. Las Casa resented his statement, furthered
the brutal slave trade.
c. Millions of Africans were shipped to
America.
B. Colonial Society and Culture
1. Social Structure
a. Peninsulars – born in Spain
b. Creoles – American born descendants of
Spanish settlers.
c. Mestizos – Native and European
d. Mulattoes – African and European
C. The Portuguese Colony in Brazil
1. The Economy
a. Brazil – settlers stayed by the coast
exporting Brazilwood to Europe.
b. Five millions slaves were sent to
Brazil to work on the plantation.
c.
Chapter 3 Section 3 & 4 Page 92
A. Building a New France
- Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent French
settlement in Quebec.
- Missionaries – Jesuits went to convert
1. Slow Growth
a. Fur traders discovered vast land (great lakes to
Mississippi river)
b. Some people abandoned farming.
2. Government policy
a. Revenues – Taxes from income for the king.
b. The king appointed officials to oversee activities.
c. Prohibited Protestants to settle in America.
B. The 13 English Colonies
- 1607 Jamestown colony suffered tragedies.
- 1620 Pilgrims landed near Plymouth Rock
- Compact – agreement among the people with the king.
1. Growth
a. New England colonies – farming to textile
b. Middle colonies – both more farming
c. Southern – agriculture
2. Government
a. Royal governor to oversee affairs
b. Parliament passed laws to regulate trade.
c. Colonies established their own government
d. Virginia Burgesses
C. Competing for Power
- Spain, England, France, and Holland all competing for land
- Fighting in the south - Caribbean
1. British – French Rivalry
a. French and Indian War 1756 – 1763
b. British captured Quebec
c. British divided North America – Great Lakes
d. Proclamation Line
e. The Treaty of Paris 1763
D. Impact of Native America
1. War and Diseases
a. Native Americans resisted British motives.
b. Diseases killed about 60%.
3.4 P.96
IV Turbulent Centuries in Africa
1. What was the purpose that the Portuguese and other
European countries built fort along the West African coast?
2. Where does the word “slaves” come from?
3. Why didn’t the European slaves traders get involved in the
slave raids?
4. What is the Triangular trade and is it true?
5. Briefly explain what it was like during the Middle Passage.
6. Who was Affonso I, and what did he try to stop in Africa?
7. Who was the almamy of Futa Toro?
8. Why don’t historians know how many slaves left Africa?
9. What was the Asante Kingdom, and who was the leader?
10. What was the main goal of Osei Tutu?
11. What is a monopoly?
12. What did Usman dan Fodio call for in Northern Africa?
13. What town did the Dutch build in Southern Africa?
14. What did the Boers hunt?
15. What tribe invaded Southern Africa and what kingdom did
they build?
16. What was the Great Trek and why did the Boers migrant?
17. Who did the Boers come in contact with as they migrated?
3.5 Changes in Europe p.101
1. List some of the new food brought to Europe form the New
World?
2. What happened to the population in Europe?
3. What is Inflation?
4. What is Capitalism? Give me an example?
5. What is an Entrepreneur?
6. What is a stock?
7. What is Mercantilism?
8. What is a Tariff?