HISTORY OF CH:R.ISTIANlTY IN INDIA
- ~-
VOLUME II
CONTENTS
Page
iii
General Editor's Foreword
Author's
vii
P~eface
ix
Contents
xix
List of Abbreviations
Infroduction
1. The Political Condition of India during
this Period
2. The Expansion of Christianity
3
3. Factors that Helped or Hindered the Spread
of Christianity
3
4. The Groups Respon sible for
Christia n Message
Sp~eading th~
5
5. The Sources for the History of this Period
9
SECTION I
.
__,,. .~.;. ::........ :, ""· · ' ·~· .
. KERALA
CHAPTER 1 - The General
Dack~round
I. The Political Situation ofKerala
19
2. · The Social, Religious ;ind Economic Condition
20
3. The Different Groups of Christians in Kerala and
their Relationship .with One Anoth;:r
22
CHAPTER 2-The Thomas Christians:. Their Number,.
·scttlemenfs,.Churches, :Religious Customs
and Faith
.
.
I. Their Number, their Churches, and their Settlements
2.
Some of the
Religiou~ Customs of the
Christians
3. The Faith of the Thomas Christians
Thomas
24
)( i j
Page
CHAPTER 3 - The Thomas Christians Under the
Government of Chaldean Bishops
1. The Work of the Franciseans among
the Th6~s
34
Christians
2. Mar Abraham's First Stay in India
37
3.
40
The Adventures of Mar Joseph and his Coropaniqns
47
4. Mar Abraham's Second Stay in India
5. The Work of the Jesuits among the Thomas
56
Christians (16th Centu.ry)
. 6.
The Archdeacons under the Chaldean Bishops
our Period
or'
7. Final Remarks abqut the Thomas Christian Community ·
in the Second Half of the SiJtteenth Century
59
60 .
CHAPTER 4 - The Synod o( Dia~per and the Latin
Regime Im.posed by It
1. The Events which Preceded the Synod
69
2. The Synod ofDiai:nper .
.· .
. .
.
. 64
.
3. The Jesui.t Archbishops: their Achievements and
15
Failures
4. Further Information about the Thomas Christian ·
Community and its Customs in the First Half of the
Seventeenth. Century
86
CHAPTER 5 - 'The General Revolt of 1653 and the Permanent
Division of the Thomas Christians
1. The General Revolt of 1653 :
91.
2. The Causes of the Revolt
94
3. The Efforts to Restore Union
gs
4, The Pernianent DiviSiOn ofllie-Tho1nas Chi:isii;n · ·
.commi1~!ty:
The Work-o(the Carntelites and o(
the
Syrian
·orthodox
Prelates in the Separated
Groups
.
.
.
.
.
100
.
5. The Relations between the Two Sections. of the
Divided Community
lOS
xiii
CHAPTER 6- The Latin Christl~ns of Kernla During
Our Period
. Page
1. The Growth of the Community on the Central and
Northern Coasts of Kerala
110
The Growth of the Community on the Southern
Coast of Kera la
120
2.
3. The Ecclesiastical Organization of the Latin
Christia ns of Kerala
129
4. The Social and Economic Condition of the Latin
Christians
S. Education and Educational Institutions in the ,Region
133
6. · The Work of the Dutch Chaplains on the Keral.a
Coast ,
134
- CHAPTER:7 - The Results of the Contact arid Infemction
'
. . of Local Christian Commu~ities with.Outsiders
1. The Rcsuns·or the Contact between the Thomas
Christians and the Latin Missionaries
136
2. The Results of the Interaction of Christians with
Hi.rid us
138
CHAPTER 8 - The General Background
I . .The Political Condition of Tamil Nadu
143
2. The Socia!, Economic and Reiigious s'ituation
149
CHAPTER 9 - The Christian Communities of the Coastal
' Regions of Tamil Nadi.i
I. The Chdstia11s o'f the Pearl Fishery .Coast
2.- The Christian~ of Kar:riiyakumati . Distr[ct
155 .
.
.
- 3; The Christians of the Coastal Arens of Tlianjavur
and South Arcot Districts
4. The Christian Community of
5. The Christians of Madras
San Thom<:\ (Mylapore)
184
195
200·
205
xiv
CHAPTER 10 - The Madurai l\Iissio n in the Seventeenth
Century
Page
I. Unsuccessful Attempts to Establish Christianity at
the Court of the Raya of Vijayanagar
- 210
2. The Beginnings of the }.fadurai Mission
211
3. The Madurai Mission from 1623 to 1700
219
CHAPTER 11 - Christian Contribution to Tamil, Sanskrit
and Telugu Literature
250
.CHAPTER i2- The Ecclesias~i~al Organization in
Tamil Nadu
1. The Different Dioceses having Jurisdiction in ·
Tamil Nadu ·
256
2. The TrainJng of Local Priests
257
3. The Role of the Catechists
259
The Schools of our Period
. 262
4.
5. Hospitals and Other CharitableWorks .
CHAPTER 13 -The Influence of Christianity on the Life
of the People and the Relations Between
Christians and Others
263
266
SECTION III
KARNATAKA AND ANDERA PRADESH
CHAPTER 14-The General Background
l. The Political Condition of the R:egion
275
· 2; .The Social, Economic and Religious Situation in
Coastal a_nd Southern Karniltakii
279
. CHAPTER 15 - The Christfan Communities in-the Coastal
Districts of Karn:uaJrn
1. Christianity in Kanara up to c. 1660 ·
281 ,
2._ Chrls~ianity in Kanara between 1660 and 1700
286
3. The Social Condition of the_!<anara Christians
29 0 .
'
Page....
CHAPTER 16 - Ti1e Christians of Interior Karnat~ka
and ,\ndhra Pratlesh
I.
The Christian Communities of Southern Karnataka
2.
The Christians of Northern Karnataka ·
292
297
298
3. The Beginnings of Christianity in Andhra Pradesh
SEC'.flON IV
'VESTERN INDJA· •
CHAPTER 17 - The Geri~ral Background
.
: - ..~--~~::.·-,..
303
. 1. The Political Co~cijlion of Western India
2.
The Social, Ecori;f~ic, Cullu)."a1 and Religious
State of Wes.tern India
306
CHAPTER 18 -The Christi::rnizatiOri ofthc Territory ofGoa
310
I. The Island~ of Goa
331
2. The Pcninsub of Salscttc
341
3. The Pwinsuh of Bardcz
4.
Portuguese Mission3ry Methods in their Indian
349
Dominions
CHA ?TER 19 -The Christi:in Life of the People of the
Territory of Goa "
353
.
·. ..
:_. Cl-1:\?TER 20-Tbe Cbrlstianization of the Portuguese
.. · ·
Tenitorlcs In North Konkii.n and Gujarat
· .t. The Evangeliz:ition
..-;.. ~::
of the
Territ~ry of B~~sci~--
1. TM Cbiistianii.ation of s·alsctt~ t~lo.nd
· 3~ Blndra become s Christian
-
. 365.·
-
373
379
-l. The Christians of the 1sland of Bombay
-
381
5. Other Christian Communities in the Re_gion
~f~; ~~6. The Christian Life of the People of tl;c Rcglon
--
383
~~~[ ·~· .
388
xvi
CHAPTER 21 - The Ecclcsiastica 1 Orgunizadon in .
· Western l~dfa ·
·
·..·' · · ·
Pro~·incidl Councils of Goa
394
· ·.
. and Educational Institutions
3. Sem1nancs . :
.· .
.
395
_ The Diocesan Pri~sts of India n Origin
399
.. 2. Tbe
4
..
..
392
l. The Bilhops and A rcbbisohps of Goa
.; :·
Page
.
5 The Religious of lndi an Origin
402
6. The Office of ..Pai dos ·crist~os., .
403 .
1. Works of Chdsti~·~>·cha~ity ·_·:
404 .
8. The Inquisition
of Goa .
. 4ql~ ..._<7'."'<
to
. CHAPTER 22 '.""" Christia~ Contribution Konkani, Marathi
and Hindus.tani Lite(ature
1. Jesuit Contributi.ori to :r<.onkani and Marathi
409
2. Franciscan Contribution to Konkani, Marathi .
·. 411
.. and Hindus-tani .
.: ..
•'
3. The Su~pression.of Konkitni in G·o a
412
CHAPTER 23 - Pndroado-Propaganda Conflicts in the
Seventeenth Century .
::
··-
414
1. The Basis of the Conflict
4!5
2. Ma thew de Castro and the Vicariate Apostol ic of
Bijapur
417
·SECTION V
NORTH INDIA
.. .
..
.
..
. .
. CHAPTER24...,
Thc ·G :eiteral
.
. .
.
.
.
-
.
B;ickgroim"ci
·..·. .
1. The Political Condition 6f North India
.
2. The Social, Economic and R:eligious State of ·
North India
. . ,,.·
·...
423
··,
424
xvii
.
.
.
.
CHAPTER 25 _:_ Christian Preachers_and the: Mughal
Emperors
Page
I. The A<., ti vities of Christian Preachers and the Attitude
of the Emperors towards them
427
2. The Creation of a Christian Literature
436
3. Christian Influence on Mughal Painting
43S
CHAPTER 26 ~Christian Communities and Groups ia
North India ·
441
SECTION VI .
BENGAL AND ORISSA .
-.
!~
·..-·
CHAPTER 27 - The General Background
1. The Political Condition of Bengal and Orissa
2.
The Portuguese in Beng~l °"and Oriss-a
.
.
45l
452
.
3. Other European Settlements in Bengal and Orissa
455
4. The Religious, Social and Economic Condition of
the Region
-.))
,--
CHAPTER 28 - The Christian Preachers in Bengal and
Orissa
CHAPTER 29 - The Christian Comrnnnities of Bengal
and Orissa
1.· The Christian Community of Hooghly-Baodel
2. The Other Christian Communities of Western
B.:ngafand Orissa ~ .·
J . T!~e Ch.i'istian Community
of Nag~ry-
Commu~ities i·n . E~stern Bengal
and the Adjacent Portions of Assam
465
. 468
4. The Other Christian
5. The Christian Communities ~f Bengal and Orissa
in General
, .
471
,; viii
.J?;.ige
CONCLUSION:
481
A General Survey of the Period
Bibliography
491
Jnde:c
505
Maps
'
1'
;
;
India
xxi
Kerala
18
The Madurai . Mission
142
The Fishery Coast and the Tra vabcore Coast
.
:·1.o~;~: .f~\.. - .
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh··;._:·:···'.i
Goa
, .. . . .
. . '.~~;~c{"f
154
274
The Bassein - Bo~bay Region ·
364
Mugbal Dominions· ·
422
Bengal and Orissa
·~
.
302
-
450